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Boeing 747-400 Tutorial: Difference between revisions
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'''At Rotate, slowly and smoothly pull back on the controls to become airborne.''' You should be leaving the runway by the time V2 is announced. | '''At Rotate, slowly and smoothly pull back on the controls to become airborne.''' You should be leaving the runway by the time V2 is announced. | ||
===Climb and cruise=== | |||
'''As soon as you're over 500 feet altitude, select one of the A/P ENGAGE buttons''' on the autopilot MCP. | |||
This switches LNAV and VNAV from armed to active. The autopilot is now flying the plane and you can sit back, complete this checklist, and monitor the flight. | |||
You'll notice that as the flight continues that the autopilot will control altitude, speed, and direction. | |||
Monitor the autopilot and speed as the aircraft levels off at 10,000 feet. | |||
'''Turn off the TAXI and LANDING LIGHTS.''' | |||
'''The SEATBELTS indicator may be turned off above 10,000 feet.''' If set to AUTO, it will automatically turn off. | |||
'''Set MCP ALT to your cruise altitude and hit the center of the ALT dial''' to command the autopilot to climb. | |||
===Approach and landing=== | |||
'''Set AUTOBRAKES.''' | |||
'''Set the HDG to the runway heading.''' Do not press the SEL button. Simply enter the HDG as a reference and as a set altitude in case you abort the landing. | |||
'''Click the INIT REF button''' on the CDU. You will see the APPROACH REF page. This page gives us two flap settings, with their corresponding speeds, that can be used for approach. Flaps 25 is the standard approach flaps setting. | |||
'''Click LSK 1R''' to copy the flaps 25 settings and VREF speed to the scratchpad. | |||
'''Click LSK 4R''' to set the approach flap and approach speed. This will allows the autopilot and flight director to provide accurate flap restriction speeds on approach. Take note of the approach speed value as we will need it in a few moments. | |||
'''As soon as you begin the turn at the VCV VOR (base leg) or your descent, set the IAS/SPEED to approach speed + 5 knots.''' The approach speed is the speed referenced in the FMC previously. In order to set the speed, you must first click the center of the speed adjustment knob and then set the speed to the correct setting. The plane will now begin to decellerate to the indicated speed. | |||
'''Use speedbrakes to slow you''' to your flaps 1 speed if your speed remains high (due to a steep descent) or if your speed exceeds 250 knots below 10,000 feet. You want to be close to your approach speed as you turn to final. | |||
'''Lower the landing gear.''' The landing gear CAN be extended when your speed is below 270 knots and SHOULD be lowered when you set flaps 20. If you are approaching the turn to final and your speed is well above approach speed and below 270 knots, lower the gear to increase drag and help slow you down. Make sure you are at your approach speed with flaps at 25 when you are several miles from the runway. | |||
'''ARM the speedbrake.''' With the speedbrake armed, it will deploy as soon as the main gears touch the runway. | |||
'''Turn LANDING and TAXI lights ON.''' | |||
Ensure that flaps are at 25, the gear is down, and that the plane is properly following the ILS. Sit back and enjoy the autolanding. The autopilot will fully control all aspects of the aircraft until touchdown. If you'd rather land manually, you can disengage the autopilot by pulling down on the DISENGAGE bar, turning A/T ARM off, and setting F/D to OFF. You will then have full control over throttle, pitch, and roll. Manually keep your speed at approach speed + 5 knots and follow the ILS indicators to the runway. | |||
'''As the main wheels touch the ground, bring the throttles to idle and then engage full thrust reversers''' (Delete key). The autopilot will perform a rollout maneuver that will keep the aircraft centered on the runway. Braking is also performed automatically, though engaging thrust reversers will decrease brake heating and wear. Do not touch the controls except to engage thrust reversers - the plane will do everything else. | |||
'''At 80 knots, set throttle back to idle, disengaging thrust reversers.''' | |||
As soon as, or shortly before, the aircraft comes to a complete stop, '''DISENGAGE autopilot, set A/T ARM to OFF, and turn the F/D OFF.''' The aircraft is now in your control and you may begin your taxi. When you apply taxi thrust, the speedbrakes will retract. Exit the runway when able and taxi toward the gate or parking area of your choice. The airport here is HUGE, so you've got plenty of time to work through the remainder of the checklists. | |||
===Taxi in, parking, and shutdown=== | |||
'''Set flaps to UP.''' | |||
'''Set AUTOBRAKES to OFF.''' | |||
'''Set LANDING and STROBE lights to OFF.''' | |||
'''START the APU.''' This will allow us to turn off the engines, but still power the aircraft until ground power is available. | |||
'''Set the parking brake''' as soon as you're fully stopped at the gate or parking area of your choice. | |||
'''Turn ON APU GEN 1 and APU GEN 2.''' | |||
'''Set FUEL control switches to CUTOFF.''' This will turnoff the engines. | |||
'''Turn OFF the seatbelt indicator.''' This indicates that the passengers may now deplane. | |||
'''Turn OFF the BEACON lights''' to indicate that the plane is properly parked and will not be moving. This alerts ground crew that they are free to connect ground power and unload baggage, etc. | |||
Ground power should now be available. However, ground power is not available at all airports. You would typically switch to ground power and turn off the APU at this time, but if ground power is not available, leave the APU on to power the aircraft until you're done with the shutdown checklist. | |||
'''Turn OFF CONT ignition.''' | |||
'''Turn OFF AUTOSTART.''' | |||
'''Open all XFEEDs.''' This allows fuel to flow freely if the aircraft is refueled on the ground. | |||
'''Turn OFF APU GEN 1 and GEN 2''' (if on) | |||
'''Turn OFF the APU''' (if running) | |||
'''Turn OFF EXT PWR 1 and 2''' (if available) | |||
'''Set all internal and external lighting to OFF.''' | |||
'''Turn off the BATTERY.''' | |||
The aircraft is now in the same cold and dark condition that it was in when we boarded. Congratulations on completing the flight! | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* http://smithplanet.com/fs2004/pmdg/ | * http://smithplanet.com/fs2004/pmdg/ | ||
* ''747-469/-4F6 Flight Crew Operations Manual'', The Boeing Company | * ''747-469/-4F6 Flight Crew Operations Manual'', The Boeing Company | ||