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Zeppelin LZ 121 Nordstern: Difference between revisions
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''Nordstern'' was the second of two small passenger airships built by Luftschiffsbau Zeppelin in 1919 and 1920. ''Nordstern'' was designed to carry about 25 passengers on a Friedrichshafen - Berlin - Stockholm route but this route was never opened. The older sister ship LZ 120 ''Bodensee'' did run a regular passenger sevice between Friedrichshafen and Berlin during Autumn 1919. In compliance with the terms of the peace treaty after WWI both airships were grounded early in 1920. ''Nordstern'' was handed over to France in 1921 where she remained in (sparse) service with the french military until 1926 under the name ''Mediterrannee''. ''Bodensee'' was handed over to Italy and remained in service there until 1928 under the name ''Esperia''. | ''Nordstern'' was the second of two small passenger airships built by Luftschiffsbau Zeppelin in 1919 and 1920. ''Nordstern'' was designed to carry about 25 passengers on a Friedrichshafen - Berlin - Stockholm route but this route was never opened. The older sister ship LZ 120 ''Bodensee'' did run a regular passenger sevice between Friedrichshafen and Berlin during Autumn 1919. In compliance with the terms of the peace treaty after WWI both airships were grounded early in 1920. ''Nordstern'' was handed over to France in 1921 where she remained in (sparse) service with the french military until 1926 under the name ''Mediterrannee''. ''Bodensee'' was handed over to Italy and remained in service there until 1928 under the name ''Esperia''. | ||
==Important controls / keys== | == Important controls / keys == | ||
===Aerodynamic flight controls=== | === Aerodynamic flight controls === | ||
* Rudder | * Rudder | ||
* Elevator | * Elevator | ||
===Engine controls=== | === Engine controls === | ||
The side engines (engine 0 and 1) can be reversed by stopping the engine and starting it in the other direction. | The side engines (engine 0 and 1) can be reversed by stopping the engine and starting it in the other direction. | ||
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* ~ - Select all engines. | * ~ - Select all engines. | ||
===Gas valve controls=== | === Gas valve controls === | ||
* F/f - Open/close the gas valves of the fore gas cells. | * F/f - Open/close the gas valves of the fore gas cells. | ||
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Rigid airships like ''Nordstern'' take-off light in a static maneuver and normally land weighed-off to slightly heavy in a static maneuver. The primary use for the gas valves is to reduce static lightness when needed. | Rigid airships like ''Nordstern'' take-off light in a static maneuver and normally land weighed-off to slightly heavy in a static maneuver. The primary use for the gas valves is to reduce static lightness when needed. | ||
===Ballast controls=== | === Ballast controls === | ||
* w - Show current on-ground weight. Only works when on the ground. | * w - Show current on-ground weight. Only works when on the ground. | ||
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Use the "Fuel and payload" dialog to replenish the ballast tanks. Realistically this can only be done while moored. | Use the "Fuel and payload" dialog to replenish the ballast tanks. Realistically this can only be done while moored. | ||
===Ground crew / Mooring mast=== | === Ground crew / Mooring mast === | ||
* Y - Release mooring mast connection or wire. | * Y - Release mooring mast connection or wire. | ||
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[[ | [[File:Nordstern.jpg|thumb|600px|center|The control car of ''Nordstern''.]] | ||
[[ | [[File:Nordstern-interior.jpg|thumb|600px|center|The interior of ''Nordstern''s control car.]] | ||
==Known problems== | == Known problems == | ||
* Under some conditions at low or negative airspeed the airship can suffer from undamped yaw oscillations. This seems to be an interaction between the added mass simulation and the dynamic aerodynamic coefficients. | * Under some conditions at low or negative airspeed the airship can suffer from undamped yaw oscillations. This seems to be an interaction between the added mass simulation and the dynamic aerodynamic coefficients. | ||
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* The mooring force calculations are sensitive to long frame times (i.e. very low fps), which can cause FlightGear to crash during startup or make the airship start in a bad state. | * The mooring force calculations are sensitive to long frame times (i.e. very low fps), which can cause FlightGear to crash during startup or make the airship start in a bad state. | ||
'''Workaround''': Try setting /sim/max-simtime-per-frame to 0.1 seconds or less. This can be done in preferences.xml by modifying the line | |||
<max-simtime-per-frame>1.0</max-simtime-per-frame> | <max-simtime-per-frame>1.0</max-simtime-per-frame> | ||
to | to | ||
<max-simtime-per-frame>0.1</max-simtime-per-frame> | <max-simtime-per-frame>0.1</max-simtime-per-frame> | ||
==External links== | == External links == | ||
* [http://www.gidenstam.org/FlightGear/Airships/ Download page with other lighter-than-air aircraft for FlightGear.] Requires the LTA support available in FlightGear 1.9.0 or later. | * [http://www.gidenstam.org/FlightGear/Airships/ Download page with other lighter-than-air aircraft for FlightGear.] Requires the LTA support available in FlightGear 1.9.0 or later. '''Note: The most up to date version of the Zeppelin LZ 121 Nordstern is available in FlightGear/git.''' | ||
{{Aerostat}} | {{Aerostat}} | ||