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Icaro Laminar 13 MRX: Difference between revisions
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→For nerds ... and hang glider pilots who want to survive this sport
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For conventional aircraft, it is the aircraft's center of gravity. Unfortunately, there are many different centers of gravity for weight-shift controlled hang gliders with flexible main suspension. The following slide provides an overview: | For conventional aircraft, it is the aircraft's center of gravity. Unfortunately, there are many different centers of gravity for weight-shift controlled hang gliders with flexible main suspension. The following slide provides an overview: | ||
[[File:Moment reference points, center of gravity positions and their meaning for pitch stability.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Moment reference points, center of gravity positions and their meaning for pitch stability]] | [[File:Moment reference points, center of gravity positions and their meaning for pitch stability.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 1: Moment reference points, center of gravity positions and their meaning for pitch stability]] | ||
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[[File:Composition of the total moment (Glider + Pilot).jpg|left|thumb|800px|Explaining the mechanism of control reversal]] | [[File:Composition of the total moment (Glider + Pilot).jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 2: Explaining the mechanism of control reversal]] | ||
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[[File:MomentDiagram AssignmentSensor en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Assignment of the flight attitude and pilot deflection in the moment diagram (see Sensor video)]] | [[File:MomentDiagram AssignmentSensor en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 4: Assignment of the flight attitude and pilot deflection in the moment diagram (see Sensor video)]] | ||
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The four different phases are shown in detail on the following slide. | The four different phases are shown in detail on the following slide. | ||
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[[File:Definition of the tuck initiation phases.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Tuck initiation | [[File:Definition of the tuck initiation phases.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 5: Tuck initiation - Definition and characterization of the individual phases (Predictable tuck initiation)]] | ||
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The pictograms in the diagram are intended to indicate the approximate pilot position. They are aligned according to the mean attitude angle for each phase. | The pictograms in the diagram are intended to indicate the approximate pilot position. They are aligned according to the mean attitude angle for each phase. | ||
[[File:MomentDiagram Sensor en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Sensor Video | [[File:MomentDiagram Sensor en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 6: Sensor Video - Defining the individual phases in the moment diagram]] | ||
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But even then, the U2 would not have tucked if the pilot had stayed in front. Either he pushed-out reflexively after Point 4 or, like the Sensor pilot, he was ‘pushed backwards’ by the glider due to his inertia (despite the reduced rotational deceleration compared to the Sensor). | But even then, the U2 would not have tucked if the pilot had stayed in front. Either he pushed-out reflexively after Point 4 or, like the Sensor pilot, he was ‘pushed backwards’ by the glider due to his inertia (despite the reduced rotational deceleration compared to the Sensor). | ||
[[File:MomentDiagram U2 en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|U2 Video | [[File:MomentDiagram U2 en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 7: U2 Video - Defining the individual phases in the moment diagram]] | ||
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The hang glider does not tuck, although the rotation is only stopped at an angle of attack significantly lower than α<sub>0</sub> (recognizable by the negatively deflecting sail and the tensioned luff lines). | The hang glider does not tuck, although the rotation is only stopped at an angle of attack significantly lower than α<sub>0</sub> (recognizable by the negatively deflecting sail and the tensioned luff lines). | ||
[[File:MomentDiagram Falcon en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Falcon Video | [[File:MomentDiagram Falcon en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 8: Falcon Video - Defining the individual phases in the moment diagram]] | ||
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This relationship between the center of gravity and tuck or recovery is illustrated again in the following slide: | This relationship between the center of gravity and tuck or recovery is illustrated again in the following slide: | ||
[[File:Comparison cg near a0.jpg|left|thumb|800px|The correlation between pilot position and tuck or its avoidance]] | [[File:Comparison cg near a0.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 9: The correlation between pilot position and tuck or its avoidance]] | ||
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[[File:Analysis Tuck Jesper Diagram.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Time sequence of Jespers tuck using the moment diagram]] | [[File:Analysis Tuck Jesper Diagram.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 10: Time sequence of Jespers tuck using the moment diagram]] | ||
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[[File:Tuck initiation; Definition and characterization of the individual phases.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Tuck initiation due to unpredictable events (gust and turbulence); Definition and characterization of the individual phases]] | [[File:Tuck initiation; Definition and characterization of the individual phases.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 11: Tuck initiation due to unpredictable events (gust and turbulence); Definition and characterization of the individual phases]] | ||
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The new inflow speed and direction can be easily determined by vectorial addition of the gust with the undisturbed inflow (speed triangles). Examples of this are illustrated on the following slide. | The new inflow speed and direction can be easily determined by vectorial addition of the gust with the undisturbed inflow (speed triangles). Examples of this are illustrated on the following slide. | ||
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[[File:Gust Impact on inflow en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Impact of Gust on Inflow]] | [[File:Gust Impact on inflow en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 12: Impact of Gust on Inflow]] | ||
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When comparing the curves for the two airspeeds, it is clear to see that gusts have a much more dramatic effect at low speeds, both in terms of strength and direction. | When comparing the curves for the two airspeeds, it is clear to see that gusts have a much more dramatic effect at low speeds, both in terms of strength and direction. | ||
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[[File:Gust Influence on A0a and DynamicPressure en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Influence of Gust Direction and Strength on AoA and Dynamic Pressure]] | [[File:Gust Influence on A0a and DynamicPressure en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 13: Influence of Gust Direction and Strength on AoA and Dynamic Pressure]] | ||
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That demonstrates that '''at low flight speeds, gusts have the power to trigger 'tucks out of the blue''''. | That demonstrates that '''at low flight speeds, gusts have the power to trigger 'tucks out of the blue''''. | ||
[[File:Gust Change in AoA en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Maximum Change in Angle of Attack due to Gusts]] | [[File:Gust Change in AoA en.jpg|left|thumb|800px|Figure 14: Maximum Change in Angle of Attack due to Gusts]] | ||
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