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Piper PA34-200T Seneca II: Difference between revisions

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Piper PA34-200T Seneca II (view source)

Revision as of 09:40, 5 July 2006

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The model was built using the  Pilots Operating Handbook, a real Seneca (D-GEJL) and some flight performance data derived in real flights.
The model was built using the  Pilots Operating Handbook, a real Seneca (D-GEJL) and some flight performance data derived in real flights.
<br clear="all" />,
<br clear="all" />,
== General ==
== Features ==
=== Engines ===
=== Structural Icing ===
Since the Seneca provides anti- and deice equipment, I tried to model structural icing into flightgear. A little nasal script does most of the work: First it reads the property nodes under /sim/model/icing where any number of iceable elements configure the ice sensitive elements of the aircraft. Each element have a name, a sensitivity to icing, may have a salvage control and the name of a output property where the collected amount of ice is written to. After the initial configuration, a timed loop is executed every 2 seconds. It
* calculates the spread by OAT and dewpoint
* checks visibility (see remark) to tell if the aircraft is within clouds
* if the spread is below 0.1 degc and visibility is below 1000m, assumes potential icing condition and icing severity is calculated
* update all ice sensitive elements with the current icing conditions
 
The icing severities are defined as
{|
! severity
! inches
! per NM (still air)
|-
| NONE
| -0.3
| 80
|-
| TRACE
| 0.5
| 80
|-
| LIGHT
| 0.5
| 40
|-
| MODERATE
| 0.5
| 20
|-
| SEVERE
| 0.5
| 10
|}
 
The rule for calculating the severity is
{|
! OAT_min
! OAT_max
! severity_min
! severity_max
|-
| -99
| -30
| NONE
| TRACE
|-
| -30
| -20
| TRACE
| LIGHT
|-
| -20
| -12
| LIGHT
| SEVERE
|-
| -2
| -0
| NONE
| MODERATE
|-
| 0
| 999
| NONE
| NONE
|}
When oat is above zero degc, Ice melts at a rate of 0.5" per 10NM at 10degc, the warmer the faster.
<b>Remark</b>: To get the effective visibility, a small patch to environment_mgr.cxx is required. Without this patch installed, icing is still functional. But since there is no way find out if there is some freezable water in the air, icing may occour in clear air too. The patch is available at [[http://www.t3r.de/fg/seneca/ The authors Seneca site]]
 
== Pilot Operating Handbook ==
=== General ===
==== Engines ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| width="50%" | Number of Engines
| width="50%" | Number of Engines
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|}
|}


=== Propellers ===
==== Propellers ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| width="50%" |Number of Propellers
| width="50%" |Number of Propellers
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|}
|}


=== Fuel ===
==== Fuel ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| width="50%" |Fuel Capacity (U.S.gal) (total)
| width="50%" |Fuel Capacity (U.S.gal) (total)
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|}
|}


=== Oil ===
==== Oil ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| width="50%" |Oil Capacity (U.S.quarts) (per engine)
| width="50%" |Oil Capacity (U.S.quarts) (per engine)
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|}
|}


=== Maximum Weights ===
==== Maximum Weights ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| width="50%" |Maximum Takeoff Weight (lbs)
| width="50%" |Maximum Takeoff Weight (lbs)
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|}
|}


=== Standard Airplane Weights ===
==== Standard Airplane Weights ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| width="50%" | Standard Empty Weight (lbs): Weight of a standard airplane including unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full oil.
| width="50%" | Standard Empty Weight (lbs): Weight of a standard airplane including unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full oil.
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|}
|}


=== Specific Loadings ===
==== Specific Loadings ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| width="50%" | Wing Loading (lbs per sq ft)
| width="50%" | Wing Loading (lbs per sq ft)
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|}
|}


== Limitations ==
=== Limitations ===
=== Airspeed Limitations ===
==== Airspeed Limitations ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
! width="50%" align="left" | Speed
! width="50%" align="left" | Speed
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|}
|}


=== Airspeed Indicator Markings ===
==== Airspeed Indicator Markings ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
! width="50%" align="left" | Marking
! width="50%" align="left" | Marking
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|}
|}


=== Power Plant Limitations ===
==== Power Plant Limitations ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
| width="50%" | Maximum Rotational Speed
| width="50%" | Maximum Rotational Speed
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|}
|}


=== Power Plant Instrument Markings ===
==== Power Plant Instrument Markings ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
! width="50%" align="left"| Tachometer
! width="50%" align="left"| Tachometer
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|}
|}


=== Center of Gravity Limits ===
==== Center of Gravity Limits ====
{| width="100%"
{| width="100%"
! width="33%" align="left" | Weight<br>Ponds
! width="33%" align="left" | Weight<br>Ponds
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Datum is 78.4 inches forward of wing leading edge from the inboard edge of the inboard fuel tank.
Datum is 78.4 inches forward of wing leading edge from the inboard edge of the inboard fuel tank.


=== Maneuver Limits ===
==== Maneuver Limits ====
All intentional acrobatic maneuvers (including spins) are prohibited. Avoid abrupt maneuvers.


=== Flight Load Factor Limits ===
==== Flight Load Factor Limits ====
 
{| width="100%"
=== Types of Operations ===
| width="50%" | Positive Load Factor (Maximum)
 
| width="50%" | 3.8 G
=== Fuel Limitations ===
|-
| Negative Load Factor (Maximum)
| No inverted maneuvers approved
|-
|}


=== Gyro Pressuer Limits ===
==== Types of Operations ====
The airplane is approved for the following operations when equipped in accordance with FAR 91 or FAR 135
* Day VFR
* Night VFR
* Day IFR
* Night IFR
* Icing conditions when equipped.


=== Flight Into Known Icing Conditions ===
==== Fuel Limitations ====
The usable fuel in this aircraft is 61.5 gallons in each wing or a total of 123 gallons.


=== Operating Altitude Limitations ===
==== Gyro Pressuer Limits ====
The operating limits for the pressure system are 4.5 to 5.2 inches of mercury for all operations as indicated by the gyro pressure gauge.


==== Flight Into Known Icing Conditions ====
For flight in icing conditions the following equipment must be installed inaccordance with Piper drawings or in an FAA approved manner:
* Pneumatic wing end empennage boots
* Electrothermal propeller boots
* Electric windshield panel
* Heated pitot head
* Wing ice light
* Heated lift detectors
* Propeller spinners must be installed


==== Operating Altitude Limitations ====
Flight above 25,000 feet is not approved. Flight up to and including 25,000 feet is approved if equipped with oxygen in accordance with FAR 23.1441 and avionics in accordance with FAR 91 or FAR 135.


== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
== Related content ==
== Related content ==
* [[Seneca_II_Checklist]]
=== Related lists ===
=== Related lists ===
[[Aircraft]]
*[[Aircraft]]
 
*[[Aircraft Todo]]
[[Aircraft Todo]]
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