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Bendix/King KAP140 Autopilot: Difference between revisions
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Bendix/King KAP140 Autopilot (view source)
Revision as of 16:09, 28 December 2020
, 28 December 2020KAP140: NAV interception is different if you have an HSI
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For better familiarization it would be good to follow trough the following guide inside flightgear. | For better familiarization it would be good to follow trough the following guide inside flightgear. | ||
{{note| Be aware of procedure differences when you have an [[HSI|Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)]] installed in the aircraft: In this case, the KAP 140 will not have an automatic 45°-Intercept for NAV/APR/REV modes and you need to select the desired intercept course manually by turning the heading bug to the desired intercept course. }} | |||
=== Before-takeoff preparations === | === Before-takeoff preparations === | ||
* For the HDG/NAV mode it is important to calibrate the [[ | * For the HDG/NAV mode it is important to calibrate the [[Avionics_and_instruments#Directional_Gyro|Directional Gyro (DG)]] to the magnetic compass (with running motor, so the DG has power): read the magnetic compass and rotate the DG so its upper bearing mark reflects that course (use the red heading bug if necessary, it makes it easier at the beginning). If your DG was not calibrated, this will not be the magnetic course and you probably will not get where you wanted to. | ||
* For the ALT mode it is important to calibrate the barometric setting of the autopilot to the one of the altimeter: read the altimeters baro setting from the Kollsman window (the small window at the altimeter), press the "BARO" key at the autopilot and rotate the right "altitude-preselect knob" so the autopilot shows the same setting. If you miss to calibrate the baro setting, you will under-/overshoot altitude presets. | * For the ALT mode it is important to calibrate the barometric setting of the autopilot to the one of the altimeter: read the altimeters baro setting from the Kollsman window (the small window at the altimeter), press the "BARO" key at the autopilot and rotate the right "altitude-preselect knob" so the autopilot shows the same setting. If you miss to calibrate the baro setting, you will under-/overshoot altitude presets. | ||
* If you intend to follow the runway heading after takeoff, now is a good time to adjust the heading bug. | * If you intend to follow the runway heading after takeoff, now is a good time to adjust the heading bug. | ||
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When you achieved a stable climb rate after takeoff, engage the autopilot by pressing "AP". It will engage in ROL/VS mode: keeps the wings level and maintain climb at the current rate. The moment you engage the autopilot it will show "ROL", "VS", and at the right side the currently set climb rate for some seconds. Always visually confirm the autopilot shows the modes you expect! | When you achieved a stable climb rate after takeoff, engage the autopilot by pressing "AP". It will engage in ROL/VS mode: keeps the wings level and maintain climb at the current rate. The moment you engage the autopilot it will show "ROL", "VS", and at the right side the currently set climb rate for some seconds. Always visually confirm the autopilot shows the modes you expect! | ||
If not done yet, rotate the red heading bug at the | If not done yet, rotate the red heading bug at the DG to the desired heading before switching to HDG mode. | ||
Once you press the HGT button, the autopilot will switch from ROL to the HDG mode, and the plane now follows the desired course. When you change the heading bug, the plane will bank and follow the new heading (it will do this at standard turn rate). | Once you press the HGT button, the autopilot will switch from ROL to the HDG mode, and the plane now follows the desired course. When you change the heading bug, the plane will bank and follow the new heading (it will do this at standard turn rate). | ||
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To use the NAV mode you have to tune NAV1 to the VORs frequency and select the desired radial with the OBS knob of your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_deviation_indicator CDI1] (which links to NAV1). | To use the NAV mode you have to tune NAV1 to the VORs frequency and select the desired radial with the OBS knob of your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_deviation_indicator CDI1] (which links to NAV1). | ||
Now you can intercept the radial, and you have two options to do that: | Now you can intercept the radial, and you have two options to do that: | ||
# ''From HDG mode'': select the radial also on your | # ''From HDG mode'': select the radial also on your DG heading bug (the plane will try to follow that now). Then engage by pressing "NAV". The autopilot will show "NAV ARM" and turn the plane to an 45° interception angle, but it will remain in HDG mode. Once you are close enough, the NAV-mode will kick in ("NAV ARM" vanishes and NAV shows) - the plane now follows the radial. | ||
# ''From ROL mode'' (all angle intercept): It works like HDG mode, but once you push the NAV knob, the plane will intercept the radial at the angle you are currently flying. To initially bring the plane to the desired angle, use either HDG-mode with the heading bug, or fly manually, then engage ROL mode by pressing HDG. | # ''From ROL mode'' (all angle intercept): It works like HDG mode, but once you push the NAV knob, the plane will intercept the radial at the angle you are currently flying. To initially bring the plane to the desired angle, use either HDG-mode with the heading bug, or fly manually, then engage ROL mode by pressing HDG. | ||
Both modes will show a flashing "HDG" annunciator to remind you that you have to set the | Both modes will show a flashing "HDG" annunciator to remind you that you have to set the DG heading bug to the radial in both cases (the autopilot computes the needed course from that)! | ||
=== ILS assisted approach (APR mode) === | === ILS assisted approach (APR mode) === | ||
The NAV and APR modes are really similar, but the APR mode does additionally follow also the glideslope signal from an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_landing_system ILS], and the ILS has a fixed radial (so it ignores the OBS knob setting of the CDI!). | The NAV and APR modes are really similar, but the APR mode does additionally follow also the glideslope signal from an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_landing_system ILS], and the ILS has a fixed radial (so it ignores the OBS knob setting of the CDI!). | ||
The interception works exactly as in the NAV mode described above. If you engage the APR mode knob the plane will start to intercept the signal, showing "APR ARM" and continue with the currently selected lateral mode (ROL or HDG with 45° intercept angle). Remember to set the | The interception works exactly as in the NAV mode described above. If you engage the APR mode knob the plane will start to intercept the signal, showing "APR ARM" and continue with the currently selected lateral mode (ROL or HDG with 45° intercept angle). Remember to set the DG heading bug to the desired approach course ("HDG" will flash to remember you of that). | ||
As soon as the plane intercepts the localizer (that drives the CDI needle left/right), it will behave like in NAV mode. "APR ARM" will vanish and switch to "APR", showing you are in approach mode now. | As soon as the plane intercepts the localizer (that drives the CDI needle left/right), it will behave like in NAV mode. "APR ARM" will vanish and switch to "APR", showing you are in approach mode now. | ||
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As APR and NAV, you can intercept the radial or localizer either from ROL or HDG mode. | As APR and NAV, you can intercept the radial or localizer either from ROL or HDG mode. | ||
In either case, dial in the Front Inbound course into the OBS and the | In either case, dial in the Front Inbound course into the OBS and the DG heading bug, and not the direction you want to fly. | ||
Course reversal is done from the autopilot automatically. | Course reversal is done from the autopilot automatically. | ||