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Completed Routing Flow Section
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=== Refining the network: Routing Flow & Baggage Carousels === | === Refining the network: Routing Flow & Baggage Carousels Belts === | ||
Objective: | Objective: | ||
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[[File:Groundnet Routing Flow Example.png|border|right|950px|Groundnet Routing Flow Example]] | [[File:Groundnet Routing Flow Example.png|border|right|950px|Groundnet Routing Flow Example]] | ||
Keeping these two constraints in mind, clogging and head on | Keeping these two constraints in mind, the clogging and head on collisions noted in your previous tests can be addressed by setting up a ‘Routing Flow’. The purpose of said routing is to guide each aircraft to their final destination (Parking or Threshold), by ensuring it uses a single route and never crosses any other aircraft path. | ||
To achieve this we only have two tools | To achieve this we only have and need two tools: The ability to force the direction of traffic on any given segment (by making it “unidirectional”) and the ability of Traffic manager to handle priorities and queues formation at routes merging points (Y shaped intersections). | ||
The complexity of Routing Flow will increase exponentially with the number of gates, thresholds and traffic files handled: A single groundnet flow must accommodate indifferently a cargo flight arriving on RWY 1 in the evening or a commuter departing from RWY 2 in the morning. | The complexity of Routing Flow will increase exponentially with the number of gates, thresholds and traffic files handled: A single groundnet flow must accommodate indifferently a cargo flight arriving on RWY 1 in the evening or a commuter departing from RWY 2 in the morning. | ||
To better understand how efficient routing is achieved, draw on your experience at an airport Baggage carousel (or at a ‘Sushi Train' restaurant) where all bags arrive from one or two tunnels onto a moving belt and are then distributed to passengers waiting around the carousel. | |||
That is all bags (Aircrafts) arrive from a limited number of tunnels (Thresholds) and can reach any standing passenger (ParkPos) using a single belt (routing flow). It does not matter where the passenger stands nor what order the | That is all bags (Aircrafts) arrive from a limited number of tunnels (Thresholds) and can reach any standing passenger (ParkPos) using a single belt (routing flow). It does not matter where the passenger stands nor what order the bags arrives in; if you wait long enough all bags will meet their owner, (unless you are at Heathrow). | ||
An advantage AI aircrafts have over bags is that they can ‘transfer’ from one belt to another if a segment belongs to more than one belt/route. Putting it visually, a typical routing flow will resemble something like the image on the right | An advantage AI aircrafts have over bags is that they can ‘transfer’ from one belt to another if a segment belongs to more than one belt/route. Putting it visually, a typical routing flow will resemble something like the image on the right. | ||
Reading: ‘Belts’ in green rotate clockwise, red rotate counter clockwise, segments in blue provide access in and out of the belts. The main belt along the northern runway includes bypasses allowing an aircraft to quickly reach the other side of the belt without having to travel | Reading: ‘Belts’ in green rotate clockwise, red ones rotate counter clockwise, segments in blue provide access in and out of the belts. The main belt along the northern runway includes bypasses allowing an aircraft to quickly reach the other side of the belt without having to travel its full length. | ||
Using the diagram, you can pick any combination of one runway access (threshold or | Using the diagram, you can pick any combination of one runway access (threshold or intermediate vacating point) and one parking position and realize you can always find a unique route from A to B and another unique route from B to A without ever coming across an intersection, always using "Y" shaped merging lanes. | ||
[[File:Apron Belt at Bahrein Intl.png|left|thumb|Using the Belt technique to feed the OBBI apron]] | |||
An additional benefit of the technique is visible when comparing the routing flow diagram and the base network image in the previous section: A groundnet with proper routing uses less nodes and segments than a full network, saving you time during the building phase. In fact, as you get more familiar with the technique you will realize it is a good idea to map your routing flow before building your groundnet so you create just enough nodes and segments. | |||
The belt technique can easily be adjusted to the specific shape of different airports: | |||
All of KJFK’s traffic is routed with only 2 belts set as concentric rings running in opposite directions. The inner ring connects all the aprons in an infinite loop; the external ring connects all the runways in a similar loop. A small number of “transfer belts” allow aircrafts to move from one belt to the other. | |||
You can have a look at existing groundnets’ routing to better understand how this technique can be applied to your project. VVNB has the most basic version; LEMD and LFPG have very elaborate ones. | |||
Certain smaller airports do not have enough taxiways to allow the formation of a proper global belt but the technique can be used on individual aprons to ensure proper flow in and out of parking areas and simplify the design of pushback routes (next section) as shown on the image on the left, at Bahrein Intl. | |||
Testing : Once your routing flows in place you should re-test you groundnet. The expected behaviour is the same then the one described in the “Base Network, Step 5” section, with the exception of head on collisions and clogged intersections which should no longer exist | |||
=== Refining the network: Pushback routes === | === Refining the network: Pushback routes === | ||
'''THIS SECTION IS WIP''' | |||
With the above-mentioned refinements, the ground network should be fully working with one notable exception. Aircraft will be driving forward when leaving the gate, making a sharp turn (while probably destroying themselves and the terminal building in the process). To prevent this, a ''push back'' route should be created. A push back route consists of at least one or more taxiway segments that have the "PushBack Route" property set to true. The last of these segments should be terminated by a PushBack HoldPoint network node. Pushback routes are optional (if you like the terminal crashing scenario described above). | With the above-mentioned refinements, the ground network should be fully working with one notable exception. Aircraft will be driving forward when leaving the gate, making a sharp turn (while probably destroying themselves and the terminal building in the process). To prevent this, a ''push back'' route should be created. A push back route consists of at least one or more taxiway segments that have the "PushBack Route" property set to true. The last of these segments should be terminated by a PushBack HoldPoint network node. Pushback routes are optional (if you like the terminal crashing scenario described above). | ||