User:Barta/Take Off cleaned

NOTE: This is a work in progress to clean up the page Take Off

Takeoffs are central to being able to get into the air. In many cases the takeoff is the easiest of all flight maneuvers. Just because it is easy doesn’t mean that it should be taken for granted. Takeoffs occur in a wide variety of weather conditions. First we are going to perform a normal takeoff. Oddly enough this is the least common type of takeoff. Very rarely will the airplane be traveling down a runway perfectly aligned with the current winds. The most common type of takeoff you will experience will be the crosswind takeoff. Once you have mastered these two types of takeoffs, we will learn how to do the short field and soft field takeoffs. These two are really just variations of the normal takeoff, so don’t be too frightened of them. Today we will practice these takeoffs. During your training , we will continue to practice them until you are confident you can takeoff under most circumstances.

Normal Takeoffs

Common errors

1. Improper initial positioning or flight controls and wing flaps.
2. Improper power application.
3. Inappropriate removal of hand from throttle.
4. Poor directional control.
5. Improper use of ailerons.
6. Improper pitch attitude during liftoff.
7. Failure to establish and maintain proper climb configuration and airspeed.
8. Drift during climb.

ELO 4: Perform a normal takeoff

1. Align the airplane with the runway. Make sure the plane is on the centerline.
2. Both feet on the rudder pedals. Heels on the floor, away from the brakes.
3. Apply FULL power. You may need to apply right rudder to counter-act yaw to the left.
4. Accelerate down the runway to rotation speed. Maintain directional control with the rudder. As airspeed increases, the control surfaces will become more effective. Use smaller inputs to the rudder to maintain control.
5. Apply slight back pressure to the elevator, just enough to lift the nose off the ground. Watch for left yawing tendency.
6. Lift off at Vy (best rate of climb).
7. Continue to climb out according to departure procedure/instructions.
   1. For retractable gear aircraft, retract the gear when there is no useable runway left.
   2. For high performance aircraft you will need to adjust MP and RPM to bring them back within tolerance. THROTTLE FIRST THEN RPM. Keep manifold pressure BELOW rpm at all times.
8. Pitch for airspeed.
9. Trim to relieve pressures.

Crosswind Takeoff=

Why use crosswind take off techniques? A crosswind tends to lift one of the wings off the ground and could potentially cause an airplane to tip over. During take off, the crosswind could cause the airplane to skip sideways along the runway. This put tremendous loads on the landing gear and could in some instances cause the gear to collapse. Proper crosswind technique minimizes these effects. In simple terms, you keep the wing in the crosswind DOWN until you are airborne. You will lift off with a greater airspeed than normal to help you control the airplane. Otherwise the take off is the same as a normal take off. You may find yourself combining this takeoff with soft or short field takeoffs. Because the wind rarely blows down the center of any runway, this will become your most used takeoff procedure. Always apply full aileron deflection into the crosswind and neutralize it enough to keep the wings level.

Understand a crosswind and its effects on an aircraft on the ground

1. What is a crosswind component? The crosswind component is that wind that is not blowing directly down the runway.
2. What effect does crosswind have on the airplane on the ground? Crosswinds have the tendency to lift one of the wings higher than the other. When this occurs on the ground, there is the potential to cause the aircraft to have the opposite wing hit the ground. This is why we use the crosswind taxi technique.
3. What is the crosswind taxi technique? Simply put it is an attempt to minimize the effect of the crosswind on the airplane. A simple memory tool is to “climb into” a crosswind coming from the front and to “dive away from” a crosswind coming from the tail.
4. Student Check:
   1. What is the maximum crosswind component of this airplane? _______
   2. What could happen if you exceed the maximum crosswind component? ______

Effects of crosswind on takeoff

1. What effect does crosswind have on takeoff? Aside from what we discussed earlier, the crosswind will tend to push the airplane to the side of the runway as the airplane gets airborne. This is why we takeoff with aileron down into the crosswind and then upon lift off assume a crab into the wind.

1. What effect will gusting winds have on takeoff? Gusts can stop in the middle of the takeoff. If this occurs, there may not be enough air moving over the wings to keep takeoff lift. This may cause the airplane to settle back onto the runway. We minimize this by obtaining a higher than normal takeoff speed prior to lift off.

Identify and correct common errors in crosswind takeoffs

The same as above plus:

1. Improper initial positioning or flight controls and wing flaps.
2. Improper power application.
3. Inappropriate removal of hand from throttle.
4. Poor directional control.
5. Improper use of ailerons.
6. Improper pitch attitude during liftoff.
7. Failure to establish and maintain proper climb configuration and airspeed.
8. Drift during climb.

Perform a crosswind takeoff

1. Align the airplane with the runway. Make sure the plane is on the centerline.
2. Both feet on the rudder pedals. Heels on the floor, away from the brakes.
3. Apply FULL aileron down into the wind. This prevents that wing from rising in the wind.
4. Apply FULL power. You may need to apply right rudder to counter-act yaw to the left.
5. Accelerate down the runway to rotation speed.
   1. Maintain directional control with the rudder. As airspeed increases, the control surfaces will become more effective. Use smaller inputs to the rudder to maintain control.
   2. Keep the aileron into the wind DOWN until the crosswind becomes more of a headwind. As the ailerons become more effective you can return the yoke SLOWLY to neutral bank.
6. Apply slight back pressure to the elevator, just enough to lift the nose off the ground. Watch for left yawing tendency.
7. Lift off at a speed greater than Vy. This will counteract the effects of any gusts and ensure that the airplane does not settle back onto the runway if any gusts should stop.
8. Wings level.
9. Crab into the wind.
10. Continue to climb out according to departure procedure/instructions.
    1. For retractable gear aircraft, retract the gear when there is no useable runway left.
    2. For high performance aircraft you will need to adjust MP and RPM to bring them back within tolerance. THROTTLE FIRST THEN RPM. Keep manifold pressure BELOW rpm at all times.
11. Pitch for airspeed.
12. Trim to relieve pressures.