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Cessna 172P: Difference between revisions
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The '''Cessna 172P ''Skyhawk''''' is a four-seat, single-engine, high-wing fixed-wing [[aircraft]]. First flown in 1955 and still in production, more Cessna 172s have been built than any other aircraft. | The '''Cessna 172P ''Skyhawk''''' is a four-seat, single-engine, high-wing fixed-wing [[aircraft]]. First flown in 1955 and still in production, more Cessna 172s have been built than any other aircraft. | ||
The Cessna 172 has been the default aircraft in [[FlightGear]] since 2000, when it replaced the [[Navion]]. It has had a long development and includes a wide variety of simulation features. In 2015, it went through a complete refresh, including engine options, various tire sizes and floats, as well as a complete cockpit texture makeover. This new detailed version of the plane has become the default aircraft since [[Changelog_3.6|FlightGear 3.6]]. | |||
== Features == | == Features == | ||
The new C172p has a much better 3D model and is now fully textured (including the interior). All the switches in the cockpit are clickable. It also has an improved FDM, more complex procedures and new realistic checklists, new sound effects, and damage modelling. The aircraft can get damaged if mishandled (e.g. gear collapse after a hard landing). | The new C172p has a much better 3D model and is now fully textured (including the interior). All the switches in the cockpit are clickable. It also has an improved FDM (Flight Dynamics Model - the "physics" of the plane), more complex procedures and new realistic checklists, new sound effects, and damage modelling. The aircraft can get damaged if mishandled (e.g. gear collapse after a hard landing). | ||
[[File: | [[File:c172p-preview5.jpg|center|700px]] | ||
The aircraft currently has five variants, all available from the aircraft menu: | The aircraft currently has five variants, all available from the aircraft menu: | ||
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The aircraft now can get damaged from collisions, crashes, hard landings or overload while in-flight, and the modelling includes wheel collapse, wings breaking, etc. The damage can be turned off in the aircraft menu, which also contains an option for repairing the aircraft. | The aircraft now can get damaged from collisions, crashes, hard landings or overload while in-flight, and the modelling includes wheel collapse, wings breaking, etc. The damage can be turned off in the aircraft menu, which also contains an option for repairing the aircraft. | ||
The windows now can get foggy or frosty, depending on the combination of interior and exterior temperatures. The pilot must then use the Cabin Heat and Cabin Air levers (on the right of the flaps) to control it. Alternatively, it's possible to disable the effect in the "Aircraft Options" in the "Cessna 172P" menu. This effect depends on the new ALS effects found in 3.5 and above, and will also have the side effect of producing grey windows in versions prior to 3.5. | The windows now can get foggy or frosty, depending on the combination of interior and exterior temperatures. The pilot must then use the Cabin Heat and Cabin Air levers (on the right of the flaps) to control it. Alternatively, it's possible to disable the effect in the "Aircraft Options" in the "Cessna 172P" menu. This effect depends on the new ALS (Atmospheric Light Scattering) effects found in 3.5 and above, and will also have the side effect of producing grey windows in versions prior to 3.5. | ||
The FDM has also been modified. The aircraft may enter into a spin in case of an asymmetric stall (a particularly dangerous situation when turning to final, in which case the aircraft is at low speed and low height). The FDM has also been tweaked to include hydrodynamics effects while taking off or landing on water, as well as adding a new 180 HP engine. | The FDM has also been modified. The aircraft may enter into a spin in case of an asymmetric stall (a particularly dangerous situation when turning to final, in which case the aircraft is at low speed and low height). The FDM has also been tweaked to include hydrodynamics effects while taking off or landing on water, as well as adding a new 180 HP engine. | ||
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As of version 2016.3, static objects can be toggled in the Ground Equipment dialogue. These include cones under the wings, a fuel truck, a ground power unit and ladders. The ground power can be used to recharge the battery and the fuel truck can be used to refuelling the tanks. The walker can climb the ladder by walking towards it, which makes it easy to access the fuel tank cap in order to refill it. | As of version 2016.3, static objects can be toggled in the Ground Equipment dialogue. These include cones under the wings, a fuel truck, a ground power unit and ladders. The ground power can be used to recharge the battery and the fuel truck can be used to refuelling the tanks. The walker can climb the ladder by walking towards it, which makes it easy to access the fuel tank cap in order to refill it. | ||
[[File:c172p- | [[File:c172p-panel-lighting.jpg|700px|center|Cessna 172P cockpit at night]] | ||
== Handling The Aircraft == | == Handling The Aircraft == | ||
=== Pre-Flight Inspection === | === Pre-Flight Inspection === | ||
[[File: | [[File:c172p-ground-objects.jpg|300px||thumb|Cessna 172P secured at Aosta Airport]] | ||
It's recommended to use any exterior view or activate the walker for these procedures. | It's recommended to use any exterior view or activate the walker for these procedures. | ||
* Fuel quantity: add by clicking on the fuel tank caps above each wing (you can add a ladder in the Ground Equipment dialog and climb it with the walker as well) | * Fuel quantity: add by clicking on the fuel tank caps above each wing (you can add a ladder in the Ground Equipment dialog and climb it with the walker as well) | ||
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=== Engine Start (manual and complex startup) === | === Engine Start (manual and complex startup) === | ||
[[File:c172p-panel-closeup.jpg|300px||thumb|Cessna 172P before starting the engine]] | |||
* Priming: prime the engine at least 3 times | * Priming: prime the engine at least 3 times | ||
* Mixture: Rich (red lever all the way in) | * Mixture: Rich (red lever all the way in) | ||
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=== Takeoff === | === Takeoff === | ||
[[File:c172p- | [[File:c172p-preview0.jpg|300px||thumb|Cessna 172P ready for take off]] | ||
* no flaps | * no flaps | ||
* full throttle | * full throttle | ||
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=== Landing === | === Landing === | ||
[[File:c172p- | [[File:c172p-preview4.jpg|300px||thumb|Cessna 172P about to touch down]] | ||
* full flaps | * full flaps | ||
* 60 KIAS | * 60 KIAS | ||
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The information in this section is based on external resources.<ref>[http://www.triangleaviation.com/1982_172r.html Triangle Aviation]{{dead link|2015-10}}</ref><ref>[http://www.otisair.com/c172info.html OtisAir's Airborne Observations]{{dead link|2015-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/724e90061c5bf3b1862576260063e599/$FILE/3A12.pdf |title=Type Certificate No. 3A12, Revision 79 |date=27 August 2009 |work= |publisher=FAA |format=pdf |accessdate=9 October 2015}}</ref> | The information in this section is based on external resources.<ref>[http://www.triangleaviation.com/1982_172r.html Triangle Aviation]{{dead link|2015-10}}</ref><ref>[http://www.otisair.com/c172info.html OtisAir's Airborne Observations]{{dead link|2015-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/724e90061c5bf3b1862576260063e599/$FILE/3A12.pdf |title=Type Certificate No. 3A12, Revision 79 |date=27 August 2009 |work= |publisher=FAA |format=pdf |accessdate=9 October 2015}}</ref> | ||
[[File:172P 01.jpg|300px]] | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Airspeed !! CAS | ! Airspeed !! CAS | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Stall speed, landing configuration, V<sub>S<sub>0</sub></sub> || | | Stall speed, landing configuration, V<sub>S<sub>0</sub></sub> || 46 - 48 kt | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Stall speed, clean, V<sub>S<sub>1</sub></sub> || | | Stall speed, clean, V<sub>S<sub>1</sub></sub> || 51 - 53 kt | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Rotation speed, V<sub>R</sub> || 55 kt | | Rotation speed, V<sub>R</sub> || 55 kt | ||
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'''Q:''' I am experiencing grey windows, what is happening? | '''Q:''' I am experiencing grey windows, what is happening? | ||
'''A:''' If you | '''A:''' If you are experiencing grey windows, you do not have the minimum FlightGear version to run this aircraft. Consider upgrading your Flight Gear version. | ||
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'''Q:''' Why will the engine not start? | '''Q:''' Why will the engine not start? | ||
'''A:''' You can start the engine automatically by clicking on the menu "Cessna C172P" and selecting "Autostart". For a manual start, please follow the checklists available by clicking on the menu "Help" followed by "Aircraft Checklists". As seen above, the engine must by "primed" before starting. If oil management is activated, you must have enough oil for the engine to work (more than 5.0 quarts). If fuel contamination is activated, the fuel must be light blue in order for the engine to properly work. You must also make sure that the battery is charged enough (you can check and recharge it in the Aircraft Options dialog). | '''A:''' You can start the engine automatically by clicking on the menu "Cessna C172P" and selecting "Autostart". For a manual start, please follow the checklists available by clicking on the menu "Help" followed by "Aircraft Checklists". As seen above, the engine must by "primed" before starting. If oil management is activated, you must have enough oil for the engine to work (more than 5.0 quarts). If fuel contamination is activated, the fuel must be light blue in order for the engine to properly work. You must also make sure that the battery is charged enough (you can check and recharge it in the Aircraft Options dialog).<br /> | ||
Or it might be as simple as not having the magneto[s] turned on (which provide electricity to the spark plugs), or the fuel mix is too lean (put it at 100% to start) or the throttle too low (put it about 10-20%). | |||
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'''Q:''' Why | '''Q:''' Why doesn't the aircraft move? | ||
'''A:''' The aircraft won't move if you have the parking brakes set, or if either of the wing tie-downs, the tail tie-down or wheel chocks are in place (if the option "allow securing aircraft" is enabled in the aircraft menu). | '''A:''' The aircraft won't move if you have the parking brakes set, or if either of the wing tie-downs, the tail tie-down or wheel chocks are in place (if the option "allow securing aircraft" is enabled in the aircraft menu). | ||
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== Gallery == | == Gallery == | ||
{{screenshot cat | |||
| category = Cessna 172 screenshots | |||
| subject = the Cessna 172 | |||
| image = Cessna 172P.jpg | |||
}}{{-}} | |||
<gallery mode="packed"> | <gallery mode="packed"> | ||
c172p- | c172p-preview5.jpg|Cessna 172P high over Italy | ||
c172p- | C172P_and_equipment_on_Volumetric_grass_at_Innsbruck,_Austria_(Flightgear_2019.x).jpg| Cessna 172P with equipment resting on volumetric grass | ||
c172p- | c172p-preview7.jpg|PT-IAO on a soft dirt runway | ||
c172p- | c172p-preview0.jpg|Panel view, about to take off | ||
c172p- | c172p-preview2.jpg|Parked and secured | ||
c172p- | c172p-preview13.jpg|Night lighting effects | ||
c172p- | C172P_resting_on_Volumetric_grass_at_Innsbruck_Airport_-_Flightgear_2018.x.jpg| C172P resting on 2 types of volumetric grass | ||
c172p- | c172p-preview1.jpg|Float variant taking off | ||
c172p-preview3.jpg|Ski variant over Freiburg | |||
c172p-preview4.jpg|About to land at Aosta Airport | |||
c172p-panel-closeup.jpg|Panel close-up | |||
c172p-preview6.jpg|Hazy day over Naples | |||
c172p-preview8.jpg|Sightseeing at Chapada Diamantina | |||
c172p-preview9.jpg|Bush take off | |||
c172p-preview12.jpg|Night flight with dimmed post lights | |||
c172p-panel-lighting.jpg|Full post lighting | |||
c172p-preview10.jpg|Amphibian variant at Hawaii | |||
c172p-preview11.jpg|Bush variant | |||
c172p-panel-landing.jpg|About to land | |||
c172p-ground-objects.jpg|PT-IAO with ground objects | |||
c172p-particles.jpg|Taking off on water, showing the particle system | c172p-particles.jpg|Taking off on water, showing the particle system | ||
c172p- | c172p-parked.jpg|N35799 livery parked at Camden Airport (YSCN) | ||
c172p-damage.jpg|Gear collapse due to heavy landing | c172p-damage.jpg|Gear collapse due to heavy landing | ||
c172p-frost.jpg|If the conditions are just right, frost or fog will appear in the windows | c172p-frost.jpg|If the conditions are just right, frost or fog will appear in the windows | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* | * {{Wikipedia|Cessna 172|lang=en}} | ||
* [http://www.aerodynamicaviation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/C172P-checklist.pdf Cessna 172 checklist at aerodynamicaviation.com] | * [http://www.aerodynamicaviation.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/C172P-checklist.pdf Cessna 172 checklist at aerodynamicaviation.com] | ||