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'''This tutorial is not based on real life procedures and therefore should never be used outside a simulator nor used for realistic simflying.''' | |||
[[Image:Vwiki1.jpg|thumb|320px]] | [[Image:Vwiki1.jpg|thumb|320px]] | ||
Note: To fly this tutorial, it is necessary to have the scenery for Los Angeles installed. It is not included with the base package and MUST be [[Installing Scenery|downloaded and installed.]] | |||
We start with flight planning. The first thing we have to plan is which standard departure route we need to fly and which standard high altitude route we are going to follow. For now we need to get up and level at 300-320 knots around 15000-20000 ft and follow the VOR (and VORTAC) beacons as specified in this tutorial. | |||
We | |||
== What you need to know == | |||
[[Image:Vwiki123.jpg|thumb|320px]] | [[Image:Vwiki123.jpg|thumb|320px]] | ||
The Automatic Direction Finder uses a transmitter and aerial on the ground , an NDB (Non Directional Beacon) that allows the ADF instrument to point to the aerial that is tuned at a specified frequency . So, no matter what direction you are travelling in, the needle (the "middle" portion that moves from side to side tells you how close or far away you are from your desired course steer in the opposite direction to the direction it is moving to move back to the desired course this part of the needle is called the CDI (Course Deviation Indicator). The main part of the needle points to the station. In the RMI (Radio Magnetic Indicator) we can select a plain ADF frequency or the more information rich VOR signal, which is similar but has more information. It points to a selected direction 0-360 to the beacon you which once the needle is pointing at twelve o' clock or straight forward toward your selected VOR ( vor = Vhf (very high frequency) Omnidirectional Range-finder )you can press F12 and enter your current heading plus or minus 180, in the radial box on the nav1 line. | |||
, an NDB (Non Directional Beacon )that allows the ADF instrument to point to | |||
you are from your desired course steer in the opposite direction to the direction it is moving to move back to the desired course this part of the needle is | |||
The current should read 280 by default change that to the heading you are on when the needle is pointing forward ie 12 bells | The current should read 280 by default change that to the heading you are on when the needle is pointing forward ie 12 bells | ||
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'''deg. for your RADIAL''' | '''deg. for your RADIAL''' | ||
=Messing with | ==Messing with George, the autopilot== | ||
'''We are doing this to set the OBS LIne''' | '''We are doing this to set the OBS LIne''' | ||
'''which is set as "heading Bug" in F11 autopilot popup menu''' | '''which is set as "heading Bug" in F11 autopilot popup menu''' | ||
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'''Press Close ''' | '''Press Close ''' | ||
=Autopilot Basics= | ===Autopilot Basics=== | ||
Once you are on your desired course , turn the inner part of the HDG dial to that | Once you are on your desired course , turn the inner part of the HDG dial to that | ||
course , the outer part of the dial sets the maximum bank angle and is not vital to use at this stage... Once you have set the dial to your desired course click the heading button | course , the outer part of the dial sets the maximum bank angle and is not vital to use at this stage... Once you have set the dial to your desired course click the heading button | ||
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you to watch the throttle setting and airspeed VERY CAREFULLY...! Again VS does not set the throttle so using the VS feature will require you to add or subtract throttle as required | you to watch the throttle setting and airspeed VERY CAREFULLY...! Again VS does not set the throttle so using the VS feature will require you to add or subtract throttle as required | ||
to maintain the desired airspeed ! | to maintain the desired airspeed ! | ||
==Using the Auto Pilot for the first time== | ==Using the Auto Pilot for the first time== | ||
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==Salinas nav1 117.3== | ==Salinas nav1 117.3== | ||
Pick a runway at KSFO (San Francisco intnl.) ...such as 28 R .get off the ground and turn on heading of 150 degrees ...now set nav1 to Salinas(117.3) DME about 65 naughts away and steer the 777 toward the needle ( if the needle deviates from the 12'o clock position ) you steer toward or into the needle ,it will begin to move back toward 12'0 clock ...doing this frequently is called bird dogging (or bracketing) and should be avoided | |||
... | ... | ||
==Paso Robales 114.3== | ==Paso Robales 114.3== | ||
Oki-doki...set nav 2 (be sure to switch both nav toggle switches on on the panel and set nav 2 to 114.3 ...when you are approx 20 -30 dme away from salinas steer onto the nav 2 needle to 12'o clock ie pointing straight ahead and set nav 1 to our next beacon ...make sure you remember which needle is for nav1 and which is for nav 2 ...nav two is the "skinny one" :) | |||
==San Marcus 114.9== | ==San Marcus 114.9== | ||
[[Image:Ox.jpg|thumb|200px|This shows the san Marcus and Oxnard VOR sites]] | [[Image:Ox.jpg|thumb|200px|This shows the san Marcus and Oxnard VOR sites]] | ||
Using the same strategy to avoid to much bird dogging ((chasing the needle) | |||
turn onto the nav1 needle 20 DME from paso robales and maintain your chosen flight level ...do not exceed 25 000 ft (you're a beginner /Flight Level 250 ) | turn onto the nav1 needle 20 DME from paso robales and maintain your chosen flight level ...do not exceed 25 000 ft (you're a beginner /Flight Level 250 ) | ||
...once on route to San Marcus immediatly switch nav 2 to Oxnard and use the same procedure | ...once on route to San Marcus immediatly switch nav 2 to Oxnard and use the same procedure | ||
==Oxnard 108.7 Coming Down == | ==Oxnard 108.7 Coming Down == | ||
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=Your first all instrument approach to KLAX= | =Your first all instrument approach to KLAX= | ||
[[Image:Lax.jpg|thumb|200px|This is the Air chart showing The airport]] | [[Image:Lax.jpg|thumb|200px|This is the Air chart showing The airport]] | ||
Your first all instrument approach will be to runway 6 R ,which is the 2ND of 4 main runways as seen from left to right in your current approach . ILS (Instrument Landing System . which is a special type of radio beacon for landing ) or 'Localiser' Now set nav 1 to 111.7(the localiser beacon) set nav 2 to KLAX VOR 113.6 (note you must be under 2500ft for the vertical guidance or "glide slope " portion to "intercept" it's signal so ,lining your approach up to set up the ILS is vital. (We will tackle this in our next flight from Boston to New York)The localiser gives you traditional VOR guidance from up to 20 DME away and vertical "glideslope Guidance" 4-5 DME and under 2500ft directly in front of the runway .(note the vor CDI green needle will not point to the correct heading | Your first all instrument approach will be to runway 6 R ,which is the 2ND of 4 main runways as seen from left to right in your current approach . ILS (Instrument Landing System . which is a special type of radio beacon for landing ) or 'Localiser' Now set nav 1 to 111.7(the localiser beacon) set nav 2 to KLAX VOR 113.6 (note you must be under 2500ft for the vertical guidance or "glide slope " portion to "intercept" it's signal so ,lining your approach up to set up the ILS is vital. (We will tackle this in our next flight from Boston to New York)The localiser gives you traditional VOR guidance from up to 20 DME away and vertical "glideslope Guidance" 4-5 DME and under 2500ft directly in front of the runway .(note the vor CDI green needle will not point to the correct heading | ||
of your runway when close by or on approach as it it not situated on the runway , establish the exact magnetic and true headings for you runway and set your heading bug in the F11 autopilot menu , you can obtain all the information you need from airnav.com) | of your runway when close by or on approach as it it not situated on the runway , establish the exact magnetic and true headings for you runway and set your heading bug in the F11 autopilot menu , you can obtain all the information you need from airnav.com) | ||
I have also included the headings you need in the next section. | I have also included the headings you need in the next section. | ||
Set nav1 to the localiser for runway 6 R (right) (that the 2nd leftmost runway visable from out at sea maintaining your heading untill the needle is at 10 o' clock | Set nav1 to the localiser for runway 6 R (right) (that the 2nd leftmost runway visable from out at sea maintaining your heading untill the needle is at 10 o' clock | ||
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you need to be on this heading as it is the EXACT direction of the runway | you need to be on this heading as it is the EXACT direction of the runway | ||
(069 in the heading bug )... to make sure you can land you should plot a position PAST the oxnard vor...out into the bay area and then at the right moment turn left onto the runway heading of 69 degrees , this is called your | (069 in the heading bug )... to make sure you can land you should plot a position PAST the oxnard vor...out into the bay area and then at the right moment turn left onto the runway heading of 69 degrees , this is called your | ||
Final Approach Fix (FAF) | Final Approach Fix (FAF) do this using a chart if you intend trying this in anything other than perfect visual conditions. | ||
do this using a chart if you intend trying this in anything other than perfect visual conditions . | |||
Át the bottom of the left flightscreen (primus 1000 efis) there are white markers and another white indicator will appear , if this indicator is in the centre of the marks , there are two sets ...one for heading into runway and | |||
markers and another white indicator will appear , if this indicator is in the centre of the marks , there are two sets ...one for heading into runway and | |||
the other(verical white ticks on the right of the left screen) for pitch or "glideslope" these scales and thier markers should always be "Dead Center" if they are you are bang on line for your runway... | the other(verical white ticks on the right of the left screen) for pitch or "glideslope" these scales and thier markers should always be "Dead Center" if they are you are bang on line for your runway... | ||
only good planning will make this so . | only good planning will make this so . | ||
In real life an IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) landing will require two charts (amongst others SIDS , TAC , RUNWAY , SECTIONAL , EN ROUTE , and NOTAMS Notices to Airman) that the pilot must obtain ... the first is for a Standard Arrival Route (STAR chart) and the second for the specific runway approach information called an "Approach Plate" which contains specific information for each runway . | |||
NEVER do an instrument approach with the nose of the 777 pointing down more than 3-5 degrees ..you will crash ! Your decent and heading into any runway must be carefully planned ! The weather ALWAYS PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE .... | NEVER do an instrument approach with the nose of the 777 pointing down more than 3-5 degrees ..you will crash ! Your decent and heading into any runway must be carefully planned ! The weather ALWAYS PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE .... | ||
Head for Runway 6 Right and land as usual...Remember ..runway numbers are reciprocal , 180 degrees , so runways are marked with thier Approximate | Head for Runway 6 Right and land as usual...Remember ..runway numbers are reciprocal , 180 degrees , so runways are marked with thier Approximate | ||
Headings , typically numberd as such , the zero's in brackets serve as illustration only ...1-19(0) 2-20(0) 3-21(0) 4-22(0) and L(eft) or R(ight)... in the case of Two Parallel Runways. KLAX has 4 ...long , almost parallel , Runways...marked 6 - 24 L/R and 7-25L/R | Headings , typically numberd as such , the zero's in brackets serve as illustration only ...1-19(0) 2-20(0) 3-21(0) 4-22(0) and L(eft) or R(ight)... in the case of Two Parallel Runways. KLAX has 4 ...long , almost parallel , Runways...marked 6 - 24 L/R and 7-25L/R | ||