FlightGear wiki - User contributions [en]

FlightGear Newsletter June 2012

2012-06-30T09:17:48Z

PH-JBO: /* Suggested flights */ Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro

{{newsletter}}
{{TOC_right|limit=2}}

''We would like to emphasize that the monthly newsletter can not live without the contributions of FlightGear users and developers. Everyone with a wiki account (free to register) can edit the newsletter and every contribution is welcome. So if you know about any FlightGear related news or projects such as for example updated scenery or aircraft, please do feel invited to add such news to the newsletter.''

== Development news ==
=== 2.8.0 release preparations ===
{{Main article|Release plan}}
Since the feature freeze on June 17, no new features may be pushed to our [[Git]] repositories. Aircraft outside the base package can still receive updates till July 17, when release branches will be created from the repositories. That is basically the birth of a new release. From then on only bug fixes will be accepted.

Thanks to the branching, development for the next-next release (3.0.0?) can start right away; even before 2.8.0 is released.

=== Rembrandt controls ===
[[File:Rembrandt dialog.png|thumb|left]]
A special [[Project Rembrandt|Rembrandt]] dialog has been created, to give the user full control over Rembrandt's rich feature set. The dialog can be reached via <tt>View > Rendering Options</tt>. By adjusting the various options, the framerate impact can be decreased.

=== Taxiway signs support improved ===
Flightgear does now better support the taxiway signs syntax of the apt.dat 850 spec.
Christian implemented the new specs and got rid of some old cruft along the way. The signs are also rendered now with a 3D case around and we support double sided signs as well!
[[File:3d sign front.png|320px|left|Taxiway sign, front side]]
[[File:3d sign back.png|320px|right|Taxiway sign, back side]]
Emilian updated the signs textures to have some shading on top, which improves the overall appearance a lot. Also, Now it is possible to make use of new special types, such as {critical}, {safety}, {no-entry} and {hazard}. See the [[Signs|Signs entry]] for more details.
[[File:3d sign special.png|320px|left|special sign variants]]

James was able to improve the rendering code considerably. The signs are now rendered per stg file into one geometry. This reduces the amount of geodes a lot.

=== FlightGear-Devel: A new Nasal Garbage Collector in the works! ===
As of 06/2012, a new incremental Nasal GC is being worked on:
{{cquote|I have been working on a 4-color incremental mark/sweep collector with
the intention of merging it into the Nasal interpreter.

The work so far can be found at http://github.com/chrisforbes/incgc;
There's still quite a lot to do, but the path is clear.
|FlightGear Devel mailing list<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mail-archive.com/flightgear-devel@lists.sourceforge.net/msg37579.html
|title=Nasal CG: (Was: Sea color) |author=Chris Forbes |date=13 June 2012 }}</ref>}}

{{Appendix}}

=== Forum digest ===

=== Git digest ===

=== Getting involved as a programmer ===

Please see [[Howto:Start core development]]

== Interview with a contributor (NAME) ==
''In each edition we have an interview with a contributor. Suggestions for possible questions are available on [[interview questions]], you are invited to come up with new questions and interview ideas obviously! Anyone is free to write an interview (with him-/herself or others) for next month's newsletter! If you'd like to help interview a contributor or get interviewed, please do consider adding yourself to the [[list of interview volunteers]]! To keep this going and less awkward, we are currently trying to come up with the convention that former interviewees become next month's interviewers.''

* How long have you been involved in FlightGear?
* What are your major interests in FlightGear?
* What project are you working on right now?
* What do you plan on doing in the future?
* Are you happy with the way the FlightGear project is going?
* What do you enjoy most about developing for FlightGear?
* Are there any "hidden features" you have worked on in FlightGear that new users may miss?
* What advice can you give to new developers who want to get started on their first aircraft/new feature/Nasal script?

More questions are being collected here: [[Interview questions]].

Stay tuned for next month's interview, featuring FlightGear contributor XXXXXXXX

== Snapshot releases ==
Every now and then, easy-to-install development snapshots are created (usually, twice monthly). These snapshots depict a recent state of the development version of FlightGear. By using them users can test out features that will be included in the upcoming release. Testers are encouraged to file bugs at [http://code.google.com/p/flightgear-bugs/ the issue tracker].

The snapshot can be download via the links at the bottom of this page: http://www.flightgear.org/download/. Updates and feedback can be found [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=10488&p=144233&hilit=snapshot#p144233 at the forum].

== Nasal for newbies ==

== New software tools and projects ==

=== MP Map desktop application ===

Development has started on a multiplayer map (similar to [[MPMap]] but as a desktop application rather than a web page, and using [[OpenStreetMap]] instead of Google).

http://almien.co.uk/flightgear/map/multiplayer/

[[File:Screenshot-FlightGear multiplayer map-1.png|400px|KSFO during a quiet period]]

OpenStreetMap data tends to be quite good for airports, since OSM have the option of using Bing aerial imagery and runway/taxiway/stand numbers tend to be readily visible from aerial photos.

Features available in this map include:
* Historical tracks ("breadcrumbs") showing movement of aircraft over time
* Label decluttering, meaning that in a crowded area each aircraft's label will be visible, and each aircraft symbol will be visible
* Colour schemes: stationary aircraft are grey, and you can give each aircraft symbol its own random colour to distinguish them in a crowded space. When you select an aircraft its label and trail will become bright red.
* Selected aircraft: click on an aircraft (or vehicle)'s label, and some details will appear on right of screen - track, groundspeed, etc.
* Measure distances between any two vehicles - select one and then the other and tick "measure" to see continuously-updated bearing and distance between them

=== [[MPRecorder]] ===

[[MPRecorder]] is a new developed tool to record and replay multiplayer activities. By using normal aircrafts while replaying a flight, you can easily create other views and record better videos.

In the following video you can see a lot of non standard views, recorded with the help of MPRecorder.
{{#ev:youtube|FCgBhIgjOmo|400|Flightgear MPRecorder example video at St. Barths}}

== FlightGear add-ons and mods ==

== In the hangar ==

All the way back in May 2011, we adopted a new status-rating system for aircraft. So far, only a few have actually been rated, as can be seen in the list 'hockenberry' set up at [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApzphjA4w05ndF94Y2F0bzJTbHQ5QTJXZXJRcUVRbWc&hl=en_US Google Docs]. If you're an aircraft developer and your aircraft is/are not on the list, please consider rating their status. All you'll need to know/do is described at [[Formalizing Aircraft Status]]. If you'd just like to get started contributing to FlightGear, this would also seem like an excellent way to get started.

=== New aircraft ===

=== Updated aircraft ===
==== Glaser-Dirks DG-101G ====
The winching and aerotowing rope that was discussed in the [[FlightGear Newsletter February 2012#Glider winch launching ropes|February newsletter]] is now available for the [[Glaser-Dirks DG-101G]] from Git.

=== Liveries ===

== Scenery corner ==
=== Airports ===
====London Gatwick in 850====
Islandmonkey has been working to make the already-great airport of [[London Gatwick Airport|London Gatwick (EGKK)]] 850 apt.dat layout.

[[File:Gatwick-850-version.png|640px]]

Download link is [https://dl.dropbox.com/s/y640k6sk5307l6p/Gatwick850.zip?dl=1 here].

====Berlin-Tempelhof (EDDI/THF)====
User Frank (aka fmg) is currently working on [[Berlin Tempelhof Airport]] (EDDI/THF) scenery ([[FlightGear Newsletter January 2012#Airport of the month|airport of the month January]]), what is declared to be the "Mother of all airports" by the British architect Sir Norman Foster.

The Berlin Tempelhof airport was opened officially on 8 October 1923, but there was aviation activity in this area before. In 1909 the Wright brothers showed their flyer there. During the 1920's it was the one of the busiest airports in Europe. The old terminal was originally constructed in 1927 and was destroyed during the Second World War. Work on the modern building was started in 1936, but was not finished until the end of the war, when it became a U.S. military base. It became famous during the Berlin airlift of 1948-49. In the 1950's it was opened to civilian flights, and in 1993 it ceased to be a military base. The airport was closed on 30 October 2008.

Tempelhof airbase was not only an airport, but also a small independent town in the city of Berlin. It had its own power plant, waterworks, garbage incinerator, a railway siding, sporting facilities, barbecue area, and plant nursery. The aim is to have the airport area and the adjacent surroundings as complete as possible to bring a bit of the special atmosphere of this place to FlightGear. Most of the technical facilities have been modelled and send to the repository. The main building is in work. It's modeled partly based on original construction drawings and it is textured with photos of the real thing.

If you ever had the opportunity to arrive there by plane, you may remember the impressive experience of rolling with your plane under this mighty roof construction and walking away freely on the apron, even as a normal passenger. This gives a good impression of what aviation was like in former days.

Since you can't have this experience any longer in real life, maybe we will have it in FlightGear someday. But be patient: since it claims to be among the twenty largest buildings of the world, it will take some time to finish it.

Some impressions of the project and the progress can be seen in [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=15378 the forum topic] and in [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9Ctdn-xPcI this YouTube video].

[[File:EDDI3.jpg|640px]]
[[File:EDDI1.jpg|640px]]
[[File:EDDI2.jpg|640px]]

===Düsseldorf International (EDDL)===
[[Düsseldorf International Airport]] is Germany's third largest airport. It was updated to a highly detailed ap850 ground layout with signs and generic buildings. The scenery was generated with corine and openstreetmap.

[[File:EDDL-generic1.jpg|640px]]
[[File:EDDL-night.jpg|640px]]

== Aircraft of the month ==
== Airport of the month ==
== Screenshot of the month ==

== Suggested flights ==
===Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro===
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

More amazing flights can be found at [[Suggested Flights]].

== Hardware reviews==
Stuart has reviewed the Saitek Pro Flight Cessna controls for FlightGear. These are officially licensed controls intended to mimic Cessna singles like the 172 as closely as possible. See what he thought in his [[Hardware Review: Saitek Pro Flight Cessna controls|review]].

== Aircraft reviews ==

== Wiki updates ==
As part of a big cleanup, 2,000 inactive accounts have been deleted. Those accounts were never used for anything. Most of them had rather dubious names, normally created by spambots. The total number of users is now {{NUMBEROFUSERS}}.

In order to keep the wiki database clean and small, it's important that all editors try to apply the following tips as much as possible:
* Limit the number of edits. One edit containing a big edit is better than several smaller edits (to one article). Every time someone saves an edit, the entire article is saved in history and thus the database. The following tips can help you minimise your edit count:
** Do not edit an article on a per-section base (by clicking the <nowiki>[edit]</nowiki> link next to a header). If you would like to make edits in multiple sections of the same article, simply edit the entire article by clicking the Edit button at the top of the page.
** Preview your edit(s) before saving, by clicking the preview button. Especially check for red links to non existing articles (usually the result of typos).

===New articles===
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type=new
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===New aircraft articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
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===Most popular newsletters===
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categoryRoot=FlightGear Newsletter
</DynamicArticleList>

== Community news ==
=== FlightGear on YouTube ===
Lukea visited London Gatwick (EGKK) with the new 850 apt.dat installed
{{#ev:youtube|uPOq1p5BD30|400|This is an embedded video!}}
=== New tutorials and screencasts ===
=== Forum news ===
=== Multiplayer ===
Thanks to Yves for setting up a multiplayer server in Switzerland, the total number of available servers is now 14! The host adress of the new server is: <tt>mpserver14.flightgear.org</tt>

Please refer to [[Howto:Set up a multiplayer server]] if you are interested in setting up a server yourself.

=== Virtual airlines ===
=== FlightGear events ===
==== FlightGear at the National Museum of Flight, Scotland ====
[[File:FlightGear demo at museum.jpg|thumb|FlightGear at the Museum of Flight, Scotland]]
Stuart Buchanan (stuart on the forum), ran a booth showing off FlightGear at the "Robots Live" event at the National Museum of Flight at East Fortune, Scotland, on Sunday 17th May. About 100 people tried landing an F-35C on a carrier, lots of flyers were handed out, and many compliments were received on the quality of the simulator. Demoing FG at an event at your local aviation museum is a great way to spread the word about FG. See our [[FlightGear Expo Checklist]] for guidance on how you can go about it.

==== FSweekend 2012 ====
With still several months to go, the FlightGear FSweekend team got the confirmation that [[FSweekend 2012]], the world's largest flight simulation event, will take place on '''3 and 4 November 2012''', at the usual location: Aviodrome museum ([[Lelystad Airport]], the Netherlands).

[[File:FSweekend banner 2012.jpg|left|270px]]
Until recently it was unsure whether the event would take place this year, because the museum announced its bankruptcy the Monday after last year's weekend. Aviodrome closed its doors by the end of 2011. Luckily a company was found that took over the museum and its collection; leading to the reopening earlier this year. The reopened museum is more attractive for children, as well as the average person (not just the true aviation enthusiastic).

The museum entrance fee gives you access to both the FSweekend and the museum. So when you've seen enough virtual stuff, there are plenty of real aircraft to discover. The FlightGear team would appreciate it if you are able to travel to Lelystad!

Facebook users can join [http://www.facebook.com/events/315742308452348 the event's page] to stay up to date and connect to other visitors.

== Useful links ==
== And finally ... ==
=== Contributing ===
One of the regular thoughts expressed on the FlightGear forums is "I'd like to contribute but I don't know how to program, and I don't have the time". Unfortunately, there is a common mis-conception that contributing requires programming and lots of free time. In fact, there are a huge range of ways to contribute to the project without needing to write code or spending days working on something.

For ideas on starting to contribute to FlightGear, you may want to check out: [[Volunteer]].

=== Call for volunteers ===
* The [[OpenRadar]] project is looking for a new maintainer.
* The [[FGFSPM]] (FlightGear Package Manager) is looking for a new maintainer.

=== Did you know ===

[[Category:FlightGear Newsletter]]

Suggested Flights

2012-06-30T09:14:24Z

PH-JBO: /* Origin of the Amazon River */ Recording May 2012 publication

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
{{Location map | USA
| caption = Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403
| lat_deg = 39.790156
| lon_deg = -123.266403
}}

* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as FlightGear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
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==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
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==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
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===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4,000 to a max of 8,930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8,929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4,217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6,673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3,361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published [[FlightGear_Newsletter_March_2012|Newsletter Match 2012]].

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter February 2012]].

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176°.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250°. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16,000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14,422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250°. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19,000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18,362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19,872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19,101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2°. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8,405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11,405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11,405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published [[FlightGear_Newsletter_March_2012|Newsletter May 2012]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==
[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
== Central Karakoram range ==
Let's explore one of the highest regions of the planet - the central Karakoram with the densest concentration of mountains of 8000 m and above. We're going to need a good climbing performance for the trip - even the frozen plateau of Baltoro glacier, above which K2 and Gasherbrum V and VI loom, is more than 13,000 ft high.

[[File:Karakoram1.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Circling Gasherbrum I]]

Take off from Skardu airport in Pakistan (OPSD). Skardu has a reasonably long (11,944 ft) runway at just 7,316 ft elevation, so you can take a jet, but for instance the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|Twin Otter]] is more stylish.

South of Skardu lies Deosai park, a famous high plateau, but we turn initially east. There's a chain of lakes which is the Indus river. After about five miles, the Shigar river merges with the Indus. Turn slightly left and follow the Shigar, then follow it into a long and broad lake-filled valley stretching into north-western direction.

Towards the end of the lake, a small tributary river, the Braldu, turns eastward out of the main valley. Follow the Braldu and start climbing (if you haven't done so yet). About 15 miles after turning into the Braldu river valley, two glacier-filled valleys stretch to the north - admire the view!

[[File:Karakoram2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Heading back into Skardu, Nanga Parbat on the horizon]]

Passing a few lakes, you reach finally Baltoro glacier continuing the river valley stretching eastward. Ever climbing, follow the glacier till you reach some kind of T-junction. The glacier arm reaching north leads to K2 (which sadly isn't really there in Flightgear), but just ahead of you are the still rather impressive peaks of Gasherbrum V, VI and I - circle the range and make some pictures!

A good way back to Skardu is to go about 10 miles sourth from the Gasherbrum peaks, then head due west. To your west, you can see the long valleys fall away from the high ranges, to your right is the still glacier-covered high Karakoram. On a clear day (really good visibility selected) you can see the distinctive peak of Nanga Parbat appearing straight ahead on the horizon. The valley of Skardu is quite a distinctive feature and finding back VFR should not be a problem.

Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_April_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter April 2012]] by [[User:Thosten|Thosten]].

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

FlightGear Newsletter May 2012

2012-05-28T19:09:44Z

PH-JBO: /* Suggested flights */ Origin of the Amazon River

{{newsletter}}
{{TOC_right|limit=2}}

''We would like to emphasize that the monthly newsletter can not live without the contributions of FlightGear users and developers. Everyone with a wiki account (free to register) can edit the newsletter and every contribution is welcome. So if you know about any FlightGear related news or projects such as for example updated scenery or aircraft, please do feel invited to add such news to the newsletter.''

== Development news ==

=== Preparing a new release ===
In preperation for the next FlightGear release, repositories will be frozen as of June 17. This means that no new features or major changes shall be pushed onto the development streams (neither source nor data). The repository remains open for aircraft developments till the day of the release, with the exception of base package aircraft that should not receive major changes from June 17 onwards.

See our [[release plan]] for more details.

=== Language Support ===
For a long time, FlightGear's multi-language support for the menus was broken. The language feature has been restored now, so it is again possible to translate the menu into different languages. Currently, only plain [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange&section=5#ASCII_printable_characters ASCII] characters and its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin1 Latin1/ISO-8859-1] extension are supported though, which covers Western European languages only (Portuguese to German, Italian to Norwegian).

Please see [[Howto:Translate FlightGear]] if you are interested in helping to translate FlightGear. We're currently looking for someone volunteering to update the existing, but incomplete '''Spanish''', '''French''' and '''Italian''' language resources. Also, you're welcome to add support for additional languages (e.g. Portuguese, Swedish, ...).

If your language isn't supported by FlightGear's limited character set yet (i.e. Japanese, Chinese, Russian, ...) then please be patient - a rework of the GUI library, which will also improve support for arbitrary fonts and character sets, is already in progress.

== Interview with a contributor (Jon Berndt) ==
''In each edition we have an interview with a contributor. Suggestions for possible questions are available on [[interview questions]], you are invited to come up with new questions and interview ideas obviously! Anyone is free to write an interview (with him-/herself or others) for next month's newsletter!''

'''[http://www.flightgear.org/contributors/ Read previous interviews at our website's archive].'''
[[File:Jon B..jpg|thumb|Jon Berndt, JSBSim Development Coordinator]]
* '''How long have you been involved in FlightGear?'''
For over ten years. I'm the development coordinator (and occasionally accused of being the BDFL) for [[JSBSim]]. It's been just a few months more than ten years since JSBSim became the default flight model for FlightGear - although it should be said that in these days a "default" flight model has less (or no) meaning compared to back then.
* '''What are your major interests in FlightGear?'''
Flight dynamics and control, but I really like the whole aspect of specifying a model in XML (and other) files - a truly data-driven simulation.
* '''What project are you working on right now?'''
Continued development of JSBSim. There are always things to tweak. Recently, I extended the PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control component in JSBSim to support some work I have been doing.
* '''What do you plan on doing in the future?'''
Writing more documentation. Adding more features to JSBSim as needed. And trying to get an official v1.0 release out.
* '''Are you happy with the way the FlightGear project is going?'''
I really enjoy seeing the progress being made in the visuals (as a spectator) - in particular I find the Rembrandt project fascinating.
* '''What do you enjoy most about developing for FlightGear?'''
Since JSBSim is a standalone project, there are other applications that use it such as Outerra, OpenEaagles, and others. However, FlightGear has the longest history with JSBSim and the most active developer community. It has been both enlightening and exciting to see developers stretch the limits of JSBSim, and use it within FlightGear in ways that were not foreseen previously. For instance, the P-51D that Hal Engel has been developing over the past couple of years (or more?) is very good. Also, the recently published skydiver flight model was an instance of a commercial use of FlightGear with JSBSim that resulted in code being shared with us in the spirit of the GPL. With that said, the most exciting part for me of working with the FlightGear community is seeing the very real strengths of open source development on display, and contributing to that effort.
* '''Are there any "hidden features" you have worked on in FlightGear that new users may miss?'''
There are many features that are not hidden, but are not known about because they are not yet part of our reference manual.
* '''What is your background in Flight Simulation?
I was graduated from the University of Minnesota (as was FlightGear Development Coordinator Curt Olson). I earned a degree in Aerospace Engineering there and in 1987 I went to work for Link Flight Simulation. I wrote the flight control simulation code for the F-16 as it was migrating from an analog control system to a digital control system. In the years following that I supported the Engineering Directorate at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, working with flight simulators almost continuously since then. Most recently, I went to work for Sierra Nevada Corporation to do simulation and analysis work, as well as supporting some wind tunnel testing, all for the Dream Chaser lifting body project. I have been a member of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technical Committee along with Bruce Jackson, author of LaRCSim.
* '''What else do you enjoy doing, besides coding in C++ late at night?
I enjoy playing acoustic guitar (fingerstyle), photography, hiking along the Colorado Front Range, playing catch/fetch with my dogs, tending to a 150 gallon saltwater aquarium, and doing various home remodeling projects. But what I really need is more sleep!
'''[http://www.flightgear.org/contributors/ Read previous interviews at our website's archive].'''

== Snapshot releases ==
Every now and then, easy-to-install development snapshots are created (usually, twice montlhy). These snapshos depict a recent state of the development version of FlightGear. By using them users can test out features that will be included in the upcoming release. Testers are encouraged to file bugs at [http://code.google.com/p/flightgear-bugs/ the issue tracker].

The snapshot can be download via the links at the bottom of this page: http://www.flightgear.org/download/. Updates and feedback can be found [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=10488&p=144233&hilit=snapshot#p144233 at the forum].

== Nasal for newbies ==

== New software tools and projects ==
=== FlightGearMap ===
[[File:FlightGearMap map and simple panel at KSFO.png|thumb|270px|FlightGearMap with [[OpenStreetMap]] map and simple panel at [[San Francisco International Airport|KSFO]].]]
[[FlightGearMap]] is a new Android application that displays live FlightGear data in the form of some basic instruments and a moving map. User can choose between various [[OpenStreetMap]] maps and different display styles (just the map/panel, or both). It's still under development, but already worth downloading from [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.juanvvc.flightgear Google Play] (Android app store).

== FlightGear addons and mods ==

== In the hangar ==
All the way back in May 2011, we addopted a new status-rating system for aircraft. So far, only a few have actually been rated, as can be seen in the list 'hockenberry' set up at [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApzphjA4w05ndF94Y2F0bzJTbHQ5QTJXZXJRcUVRbWc&hl=en_US Google Docs]. If you're an aircraft developer and your aircraft is/are not on the list, please consider rating their status. All you'll need to know/do is described at [[Formalizing Aircraft Status]]. If you'd just like to get started contributing to FlightGear, this would also seem like an excellent way to get started.

=== New aircraft ===

=== Updated aircraft ===

=== Liveries ===
The [[livery database]] got a search engine implemented, allowing users to find that specific livery they've been looking for. Searches can be filtered per aircraft, airline and/or author.

Check it out at http://liveries.flightgear.org/search.php

== Scenery corner ==
=== Airports ===
==== V.C. Bird Intl Airport ====
V.C. Bird Intl Airport (TAPA) is the only airport on the island of Antigua. More can be found [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=16413 here in the forum].
{{Gallery
|TAPA 1.jpg|The terminal of TAPA
|TAPA 4.png|The terminal at night
|TAPA 3.png|In front of the terminal
|TAPA 10.jpg|The LIAT hangar/head office
}}

== Aircraft of the month ==
== Airport of the month ==

== Screenshot of the month ==

== Suggested flights ==
===Origin of the Amazon River===
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176°.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250°. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16,000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14,422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250°. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19,000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18,362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19,872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19,101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2°. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8,405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11,405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11,405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

For more amazing flights see [[Suggested Flights]].

====Airports and coordinates====
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

====Suggested aircraft====
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

====FlightGear launching====
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Aircraft reviews ==

== Wiki updates ==
===New articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
</DynamicArticleList>
===New aircraft articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
categoryRoot=Aircraft
</DynamicArticleList>
===Most popular newsletters===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=hot
count=5
categoryRoot=FlightGear Newsletter
</DynamicArticleList>

== Community news ==
=== FlightGear on YouTube ===
In this video you can see a cockpit landing with an A330-200 at Tenerife North (GCXO).
{{#ev:youtube|MHwbw04bKjI|400|Landing at Tenerife North with an A330-200 }}

=== New tutorials and screencasts ===
=== Forum news ===
=== Multiplayer ===
=== Virtual airlines ===
=== FlightGear events ===

== Useful links ==
== And finally ... ==
=== Contributing ===
One of the regular thoughts expressed on the FlightGear forums is "I'd like to contribute but I don't know how to program, and I don't have the time". Unfortunately, there is a common mis-conception that contributing requires programming and lots of free time. In fact, there are a huge range of ways to contribute to the project without needing to write code or spending days working on something.

For ideas on starting to contribute to FlightGear, you may want to check out: [[Volunteer]].

=== Call for volunteers ===
* The [[OpenRadar]] project is looking for a new maintainer.
* The [[FGFSPM]] (FlightGear Package Manager) is looking for a new maintainer.

=== Did you know ===

[[Category:FlightGear Newsletter|2012 05]]

Suggested Flights

2012-05-28T18:47:38Z

PH-JBO: /* Searching Wizard Island */ Recording publication, had forgotten that. me bad.

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
{{Location map | USA
| caption = Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403
| lat_deg = 39.790156
| lon_deg = -123.266403
}}

* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as FlightGear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4,000 to a max of 8,930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8,929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4,217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6,673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3,361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published [[FlightGear_Newsletter_March_2012|Newsletter Match 2012]].

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter February 2012]].

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176°.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250°. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16,000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14,422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250°. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19,000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18,362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19,872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19,101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2°. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8,405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11,405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11,405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==
[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
== Central Karakoram range ==
Let's explore one of the highest regions of the planet - the central Karakoram with the densest concentration of mountains of 8000 m and above. We're going to need a good climbing performance for the trip - even the frozen plateau of Baltoro glacier, above which K2 and Gasherbrum V and VI loom, is more than 13,000 ft high.

[[File:Karakoram1.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Circling Gasherbrum I]]

Take off from Skardu airport in Pakistan (OPSD). Skardu has a reasonably long (11,944 ft) runway at just 7,316 ft elevation, so you can take a jet, but for instance the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|Twin Otter]] is more stylish.

South of Skardu lies Deosai park, a famous high plateau, but we turn initially east. There's a chain of lakes which is the Indus river. After about five miles, the Shigar river merges with the Indus. Turn slightly left and follow the Shigar, then follow it into a long and broad lake-filled valley stretching into north-western direction.

Towards the end of the lake, a small tributary river, the Braldu, turns eastward out of the main valley. Follow the Braldu and start climbing (if you haven't done so yet). About 15 miles after turning into the Braldu river valley, two glacier-filled valleys stretch to the north - admire the view!

[[File:Karakoram2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Heading back into Skardu, Nanga Parbat on the horizon]]

Passing a few lakes, you reach finally Baltoro glacier continuing the river valley stretching eastward. Ever climbing, follow the glacier till you reach some kind of T-junction. The glacier arm reaching north leads to K2 (which sadly isn't really there in Flightgear), but just ahead of you are the still rather impressive peaks of Gasherbrum V, VI and I - circle the range and make some pictures!

A good way back to Skardu is to go about 10 miles sourth from the Gasherbrum peaks, then head due west. To your west, you can see the long valleys fall away from the high ranges, to your right is the still glacier-covered high Karakoram. On a clear day (really good visibility selected) you can see the distinctive peak of Nanga Parbat appearing straight ahead on the horizon. The valley of Skardu is quite a distinctive feature and finding back VFR should not be a problem.

Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_April_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter April 2012]] by [[User:Thosten|Thosten]].

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-05-08T15:39:44Z

PH-JBO: /* About */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.

A bit busy lately [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] 11:39, 8 May 2012 (EDT)
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.
#[[Suggested_Flights#Kisimayu_to_Kilimanjaro| Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro]] as suggested flight.
#LFRJ as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Airport_of_the_month|Airport of the month]] February. Oh golly, there is an aircraft with those thingies on the wings. Is it new? (noooo, but it's still in the secret hangar, still banging on the metal)

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

Suggested Flights

2012-05-08T15:38:23Z

PH-JBO: /* Asia */ Recording Central Karakoram range publication in April newsletter

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
{{Location map | USA
| caption = Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403
| lat_deg = 39.790156
| lon_deg = -123.266403
}}

* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as FlightGear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
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==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4,000 to a max of 8,930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8,929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4,217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6,673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3,361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter February 2012]].

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176°.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250°. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16,000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14,422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250°. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19,000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18,362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19,872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19,101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2°. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8,405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11,405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11,405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==
[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
== Central Karakoram range ==
Let's explore one of the highest regions of the planet - the central Karakoram with the densest concentration of mountains of 8000 m and above. We're going to need a good climbing performance for the trip - even the frozen plateau of Baltoro glacier, above which K2 and Gasherbrum V and VI loom, is more than 13,000 ft high.

[[File:Karakoram1.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Circling Gasherbrum I]]

Take off from Skardu airport in Pakistan (OPSD). Skardu has a reasonably long (11,944 ft) runway at just 7,316 ft elevation, so you can take a jet, but for instance the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|Twin Otter]] is more stylish.

South of Skardu lies Deosai park, a famous high plateau, but we turn initially east. There's a chain of lakes which is the Indus river. After about five miles, the Shigar river merges with the Indus. Turn slightly left and follow the Shigar, then follow it into a long and broad lake-filled valley stretching into north-western direction.

Towards the end of the lake, a small tributary river, the Braldu, turns eastward out of the main valley. Follow the Braldu and start climbing (if you haven't done so yet). About 15 miles after turning into the Braldu river valley, two glacier-filled valleys stretch to the north - admire the view!

[[File:Karakoram2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Heading back into Skardu, Nanga Parbat on the horizon]]

Passing a few lakes, you reach finally Baltoro glacier continuing the river valley stretching eastward. Ever climbing, follow the glacier till you reach some kind of T-junction. The glacier arm reaching north leads to K2 (which sadly isn't really there in Flightgear), but just ahead of you are the still rather impressive peaks of Gasherbrum V, VI and I - circle the range and make some pictures!

A good way back to Skardu is to go about 10 miles sourth from the Gasherbrum peaks, then head due west. To your west, you can see the long valleys fall away from the high ranges, to your right is the still glacier-covered high Karakoram. On a clear day (really good visibility selected) you can see the distinctive peak of Nanga Parbat appearing straight ahead on the horizon. The valley of Skardu is quite a distinctive feature and finding back VFR should not be a problem.

Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_April_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter April 2012]] by [[User:Thosten|Thosten]].

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

Suggested Flights

2012-03-29T07:11:13Z

PH-JBO: /* Searching Wizard Island */

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
{{Location map | USA
| caption = Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403
| lat_deg = 39.790156
| lon_deg = -123.266403
}}

* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as FlightGear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
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===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
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== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
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==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4,000 to a max of 8,930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8,929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4,217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6,673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3,361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
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==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter February 2012]].

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176°.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250°. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16,000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14,422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250°. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19,000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18,362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19,872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19,101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2°. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8,405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11,405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11,405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==

[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

FlightGear Newsletter March 2012

2012-03-29T07:08:42Z

PH-JBO: /* Suggested flights */ added Searching Wizard Island. Must make more flights.

{{newsletter}}
{{TOC_right|limit=2}}

''We would like to emphasize that the monthly newsletter can not live without the contributions of FlightGear users and developers. Everyone with a wiki account (free to register) can edit the newsletter and every contribution is welcome. So if you know about any FlightGear related news or projects such as for example updated scenery or aircraft, please do feel invited to add such news to the newsletter.''

== Development news ==

=== FlightGear and HLA (High Level Architecture) ===

When reading the FlightGear forums or the FlightGear developers mailing list, you'll probably have noticed the term "HLA" being brought up more and more often recently.

In fact, FlightGear core developers and other contributors seem to bring it up whenever somebody asks about better FlightGear modularization, better concurrency support (i.e. using all your idle CPU power), but also better overall frame rates or a more consistent multiplayer experience and weather environment.

It seems as if "HLA" is the swiss army knife to deal with many long-time FlightGear challenges.

So, what is HLA after all?

In short: HLA, "High Level Architecture", is an industry standard (IEEE 1516) to standardize interactions between component-based simulation architectures in a distributed setup.

Now, that's a mouthful, right?

Let's try to describe the thing in simpler terms: Most programs (like FlightGear) have a single large code base where all subsystems get their processing time assigned by so called "main loop" which sequentially iterates over all systems and calls their "update" routine, to give each system time to do its work (update weather, update GUI, update AI, update FDM, update sound etc).

Unfortunately, this also means that every subsystem running as part of the main loop has a direct effect on the simulation frame rate, i.e. the total run time cost of each complete update iteration is determined by the time spent in each individual routine. Because of this, the total update time adds up; all the work of the FDM, sound, AI, GUI... these add up to framerate losses.

Basically, all the work FlightGear has to do are separate subroutines systems -and having more of them and more information to run directly affects framerates in-sim.

Whenever you add a new system, you need to add it to the program's main loop and add new source files to the code base of the program. This involves rebuilding FlightGear from source.

In HLA, the general idea is to split up a large simulation into a subset of smaller simulations which are interlinked exchanging information (objects and events) to create a consistent simulation environment using a well-defined interface. This division makes it possible to run these simulations in different thread or even in different processes, even running on other computers.

Only the information that is really required will be exchanged, so the exchange of this information is the only run time footprint, each simulation is responsible to compute and update its own state.

Communications between each simulation node take place using a computer network and an API (similar to CORBA). All participating simulations are managed by a central component called the "Run-Time Infrastructure" (RTI).
The RTI monitors the overall simulation and manages the distribution of data between all individual nodes, which are called "federates". The simulation in its entirety is called a "federation" in HLA.

We have started a new article and copied earlier announcements and postings to it; please see [[FlightGear HLA support (High Level Architecture)]] for more information.

=== Flightgear goes to Space, Part II ===

Coded in less than 8 hours, the Earthview orbital terrain rendering engine is an addon to Flightgear which allows to use orbital phototextures (such as the NASA Pale Blue Marble) on top of the default Flightgear terrain. Combined with the skydome scattering shader, this improves the realism of the visuals of orbital flight in Flightgear substantially.

[[File:Earthview07.jpg|250px|]][[File:Earthview06.jpg|250px|]][[File:Earthview05.jpg|250px|]]

With some additional patches, finally Vostok-1 is free from the 150 km altitude restriction and can enter high orbits of several hundred km above the planet.

[[File:Earthview09.jpg|250px|]][[File:Earthview10.jpg|250px|]][[File:Earthview11.jpg|250px|]]

Hopefully this will trigger some activity on the modeller side to add a few more spacecraft to the Flightgear experience!

(development discussion and download is found in the [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=15754 Forum ]).

=== Mailing list digest ===

(by far the easiest option to populate the newsletter with contents is copying/pasting stuff from the forum and the mailing list)

=== Forum digest ===

=== Git digest ===

== Interview with a contributor (NAME) ==
''In each edition we have an interview with a contributor. Suggestions for possible questions are available on [[interview questions]], you are invited to come up with new questions and interview ideas obviously! Anyone is free to write an interview (with him-/herself or others) for next month's newsletter! If you'd like to help interview a contributor or get interviewed, please do consider adding yourself to the [[list of interview volunteers]]! To keep this going and less awkward, we are currently trying to come up with the convention that former interviewees become next month's interviewers.''

* How long have you been involved in FlightGear?
* What are your major interests in FlightGear?
* What project are you working on right now?
* What do you plan on doing in the future?
* Are you happy with the way the FlightGear project is going?
* What do you enjoy most about developing for FlightGear?
* Are there any "hidden features" you have worked on in FlightGear that new users may miss?
* What advice can you give to new developers who want to get started on their first aircraft/new feature/Nasal script?

More questions are being collected here: [[Interview questions]].

Stay tuned for next month's interview, featuring FlightGear contributor XXXXXXXX

== Snapshot releases ==
Every now and then, easy-to-install development snapshots are created (usually, twice montlhy). These snapshos depict a recent state of the development version of FlightGear. By using them users can test out features that will be included in the upcoming release. Testers are encouraged to file bugs at [http://code.google.com/p/flightgear-bugs/ the issue tracker].

The snapshot can be download via the links at the bottom of this page: http://www.flightgear.org/download/. Updates and feedback can be found [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=10488&p=144233&hilit=snapshot#p144233 at the forum].

== Nasal for newbies ==

== New software tools and projects ==

== FlightGear addons and mods ==

== In the hangar ==

All the way back in May 2011, we addopted a new status-rating system for aircraft. So far, only a few have actually been rated, as can be seen in the list 'hockenberry' set up at [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApzphjA4w05ndF94Y2F0bzJTbHQ5QTJXZXJRcUVRbWc&hl=en_US Google Docs]. If you're an aircraft developer and your aircraft is/are not on the list, please consider rating their status. All you'll need to know/do is described at [[Formalizing Aircraft Status]]. If you'd just like to get started contributing to FlightGear, this would also seem like an excellent way to get started.

=== New aircraft ===

=== Updated aircraft ===
==== Airbus A320neo ====
The [[Airbus A320neo]] have suffer a deep redesign.

=== Liveries ===

== Scenery corner ==

[[File:KMIAeast.jpg|thumb|250px|KMIA preview in Sketchup]]
=== KMIA ===

Andyramone has returned from a 1 year Flightgear hiatus to work on modelling the Miami International Airport (KMIA.) There is a basic model already built for the main terminal, which will be available via Terrasync mid-march.

The plan is then to work on improving the model by adding more accurate textures, night textures, movable jetways, and a more accurate airport layout, with the potential to move to a 8.50 airport layout. The surrounding hangars, buildings and Cargo hangar to the south will also be added as they are built.

All models will be GPL compliant and available via Terrasync.

== Aircraft of the month ==
== Airport of the month ==

[[File:EPWA_night.png|400px|]] [[File:EPWA_service.png|400px|]]

[[Warsaw Chopin Airport]] (EPWA) is the busiest airport in Poland.<br>
Chopin Airport is included in the [[Poland]] scenery, which is available at [http://code.google.com/p/custom-scenery-roztocze/downloads/list?saved=1&ts=1314341645].
EPWA scenery contains:
*custom airport layout (v.810)
*signs
*terminals, hagars, tower models
*day/night photorealistic textures
*details like custom lamps
*airport service vehicles(ot-666 models)

== Screenshot of the month ==
Piper Comanche 250 off the coast of San Diego.[[File:Comanche1.jpg]]

== Suggested flights ==
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4,000 to a max of 8,930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4,217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6,673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3,361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

== Aircraft reviews ==

== Wiki updates ==
===New articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
</DynamicArticleList>
===New aircraft articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
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===Most popular newsletters===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=hot
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== Community news ==
=== FlightGear on YouTube ===
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1_TPWimv6o ATC Session at Schiphol] by Omega - 1 hour of ATCing into 4 minutes of video.

=== New tutorials and screencasts ===
=== Forum news ===
=== Multiplayer ===
=== Virtual airlines ===
=== FlightGear events ===

== Useful links ==
== And finally ... ==
=== Contributing ===
One of the regular thoughts expressed on the FlightGear forums is "I'd like to contribute but I don't know how to program, and I don't have the time". Unfortunately, there is a common mis-conception that contributing requires programming and lots of free time. In fact, there are a huge range of ways to contribute to the project without needing to write code or spending days working on something.

For ideas on starting to contribute to FlightGear, you may want to check out: [[Volunteer]].

=== Call for volunteers ===
* The [[OpenRadar]] project is looking for a new maintainer.
* The [[FGFSPM]] (FlightGear Package Manager) is looking for a new maintainer.

=== Did you know ===

Torsten recently in Git-a new internal command: property-interpolate [http://www.mail-archive.com/flightgear-devel@lists.sourceforge.net/msg35900.html].

This exposes the SGInterpolator subsystem to bindings in xml animation
files. The SGInterpolator allows the interpolation of property values
over time and has so far been used via Nasal in aircraft.door.

For an example, start the Hansajet from git (fgfs --aircraft=Hansajet)
and zoom to the gyrosyn heading indicator left of the HSI. Locate the
black/white knob with "VOR" and "ADF" written on it. Click it (it swaps
the assignment of the needle-driving sources) and notice that it does
rotate smoothly to its new position (it's a 2-position toggle knob).

Now, look at the overhead panel, either by paning the view up and right
or by pressing shift-v on the keyboard. Locate the six rotary buttons
GEN.1, GEN.2, ALT.1, ALT.2 and the two between the AC and DC
instruments. Move them by clicking their left/right edges. Notice they
move smoothly instead of jumping to the new position.

Thats done completely without Nasal but from just a few lines in the
animation files. Basically, you have to add two bindings to the <pick>
animation:
1. property-assing the target value describing the state of the button
(that's what you are used to do)
2. property-interpolate the position of the model to it's new state's value
(that's the new binding to add)
3. Animate the model's rotation from the position property, not the
state property
(that's what you have to change)
4. done.

(see the animations for the object SyncKnob and SyncKnobPick.[LR] in
Aircraft/Hansajet/Models/Sperry-C-6d.xml as an example).

The use of the property-interpolate may be:

Change the value of /some/target/property to the constant value of
100.0 over 3 seconds.
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<binding>
<command>property-interpolate</command>
<property>/some/target/property</property>
<value>100.0</value>
<time>3</time>
</binding>
</syntaxhighlight>

Change the value of /some/target/property to the value of
/some/source/property over 0.5 seconds.
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<binding>
<command>property-interpolate</command>
<property>/some/target/property</property>
<property>/some/source/property</property>
<time>0.5</time>
</binding>
</syntaxhighlight>

[[Category:FlightGear Newsletter]]

Learjet 35-A

2012-03-08T15:51:52Z

PH-JBO: /* Descend */

{{infobox Aircraft
|name = Learjet 35A
|image = Learjet 35-A Wavevom.jpg
|alt =
|type = Business Jet
|livery = Wavevom (based on NASA)
|authors = Xsaint,PH-JBO
|version = 20120130p
|fdm = YASim
|fgname = Learjet2
|download = http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip
|development =
|status-fdm = 4
|status-systems = 3
|status-cockpit = 4
|status-model = 3
}}

{{Cquote|'''Nothing else can take you there faster, on less fuel. Absolutely nothing.'''

It's a incontrovertible fact. ''The Learjet 35A covers more miles in less time on less fuel than any other business jet.''

Period.

In fact, even ''slower'' jets consume more fuel than the Learjet 35A. The [[Cessna 550 Citation II|Cessna Citation S/II]], for example, takes about 15 minutes longer than the Learjet to complete a typical 500-n.m. mission at high-speed cruise--and gulps down 100 ponds more fuel in the process.

No other aircraft offers a better blend of speed, efficiency, and versatility than the Learjet 35A.

Ask the U.S. Airforce. Before selecting a manufacturer for their C-21 utility jet, they conducted a four-month comparison of contenders. When it was over, the choice was clear. The USAF ordered 80 Learjets.|Flight International (advertising of Gates Learjet)<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%202071.html Flight International, 22 June 1985, page 33, advertising of Gates Learjet]</ref>}}
The '''Learjet 35-A''' is not included with the [[FlightGear]] base package nor is it available from the [http://www.flightgear.org/download/aircraft-v2-4/ Central FlightGear Hangar].

This aircraft, in FlightGear, is a creation of xsaint. Copyright info (from learjet-set.xml): '''''Learjet 35A Feb 2009 Xsaint , based on Syd's Bravo FDM()'''''. Its tweaked by PH-JBO 2011-12-22. Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

History and technical details of the Learjet 35 can be found on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35 Wikipedia] with links towards the Learjet and Bombardier history.
[[File:Learjet35banner.png|150px|frame|right|bottom]]

==Installation==
# Download the aircraft from here:  [http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip Download LJ35A]
# Place the Lear2 directory and files in your Aircraft directory.
*If you have previously installed the Learjet please remove it from the Aircraft directory. FlightGear will otherwise get confused.
*The pre-previous version required a custom Instruments-3d, if you still have that on your hard drive, pls remove it.

==Impressions==
'''Positive'''
*This Learjet is at this moment (2011-08-25) the only business jet in FlightGear with a predictable autopilot (as far as I know).
*Despite the oddities, this aircraft is perfect to practice [[IFR]] flight, [[radio navigation]] and [[ILS]] approaches.
*It has the mild character of an airliner, combined with the umph of a fighter jet. So it's perfect as a trainer for both types of aircraft.
*There are not a gazillion buttons to press, perfect for lazy pilots that want mileage.
*It is a beast to fly. It is possible to take off from a postagestamp, pull up like a rocket and land on a dime.
This aircraft needs more pilots! (and positive reviews)

'''Negative'''
*The interior is not of a Learjet, the instruments were designed for the [[Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The looks and animations of the aircraft is not sleek and finished.

=== Oddities ===
For this aircraft but perhaps also for other aircraft with this setup. Some oddities are probably on-purpose.

*The [[ADF]] frequency in the cockpit is not in sync with the Radio window.
*[[NDB]] beacons can be entered as NAV1 or NAV2. That's a big positive! They will give distance but no radial for the autopilot.
*If changing course (radial) in the Radio Window be sure to press '''apply''' to feed the Primus. For the other values the apply key isn't needed.
*If FMS is used once, the Primus will get confused and ILS beacons will not show the glidescope.
*In the Autopilot Pitch (VNAV) and V/S do not work as expected.
*If the Autopilot is turned on it will also turn on a vertical control, Pitch, V/S or Altitude depending on what is pre-selected. Standard is Pitch.
*I have not discovered any effect from the Roll Knob.
*NAV2 can only be used for reference. It can not be used for radial navigation.
*The compass is b0rken. It has a strange deviation and can not be set with Instrument settings. The compass shows Magnetic, the NAV (also when an NDB has been entered) indicators True, the ADF indicator Magnetic, the course deviation bars show Magnetic, extremely confusing. Since the course bars show Magnetic, VOR navigation (Autopilot) is also done with Magnetic. If this is true for this aircraft it probably is true for all Primus 1000 aircraft.

==Technical==
===V speeds===
{|
|V<sub>A</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] (use autopilot above to manoeuvre)
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> ||= 129 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 8<sup>o</sup>||= 119 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 20<sup>o</sup> ||= 115 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 40<sup>o</sup> ||= 109 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>C</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] at FL410
|-
|V<sub>S1</sub> (clean) ||= 96 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>S0</sub> (landing)||= 87 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCA</sub> || = 112 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCG</sub> || = 103 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 350 [[KIAS]] above FL80
|-
|M<sub>MO</sub> ||= 0.82 Mach
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 300 [[KIAS]] below FL80
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>8<sup>o</sup> ||= 198 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>20<sup>o</sup>||= 183 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>40<sup>o</sup>||= 153 [[KIAS]]
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 4800 feet (ISA)
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 6300 feet (elevation 5000 feet)
|-
|Field length (landing) ||= 3075 feet
|}
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) may be extended up to V<sub>MO</sub> provided flaps are not extended, or while on ground during landing.
[[V speeds]] based on typical load.

(FL = [[flight level]])
====Landing speeds====
{|
|Weight x 1000|| 10||11||12||13||14||15||'''15.3'''||<del>16</del>||<del>17</del>||<del>18.3</del>||lb
|-
|Speeds ↓
|-
|Vref & LDG Climb|| 105||110||115||119||123||127||'''129'''||131||135||140||[[KIAS]]
|-
|Appr & Climb||111||116||121||126||130||134||'''136'''||138||142||147||[[KIAS]]
|}

===Dimensions and weight===
{|
|'''Gates Learjet 35A - Technical Data'''
|-
|Specification || Metric|| Imperial
|-
|Length || 14.83 m || 48 ft 8"
|-
|Wing span (over tanks) || 12.04 m || 39 ft 6"
|-
|Height || 3.73 m || 12 ft 3"
|-
|Weight (empty) || 4,590 kg || 10,120 lb
|-
|Max. take-off weight || 8,235 kg || 18,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing weight || 6,940 kg || 15,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing tip-fuel weight || 420 kg || 925 lb
|-
|Max. fuel load || 3,524 l|| 931 Gallons
|-
|Max. level speed [[TAS]]|| 872 km/h (7,620 m) || 542 mph (25,000 ft)
|-
|Max. climb rate || 1,451 m/min || 4,760 ft/min
|-
|Max. service ceiling || 13,715 m (approx.) || 45,000 ft (approx.)
|}
{|
|Power plant ||2 x Garrett TFE731-2-2B Turbofan
|-
|Power plant output|| 2 x 3,500 Thrust (dry)[lbf]
|-
|Fuel consumption ||2 x 0,504 SFC (dry) [lb/lbf hr]
|-
|Range ||2789 NM
|-
|Max. time full-throttle || 5 mins
|-
|Max. occupancy || 2 x crew, 8 x passengers
|}

In FlightGear the limits are more flexible as the real thing. If you would cross over limitations in reality the thing would go poof.
*The data gathered is not guaranteed to be 100% accurate, some sources contradict each other. The most probable reason is that many aircraft have been refitted and improved (wing-tips, undercarriage, fuel tip) and often models are mixed (C21, 36, 35A etc).

== Aircraft configuration ==
Please note. Despite best efforts the description does not depict the real aircraft. If you have one of the real things, call me, I'd love to hop aboard, but use the Flight Manual for your planning.
=== Fuel system ===
This Learjet is equipped with five fuel tanks. The two characteristic tip tanks, two wing tanks and one tank in the fuselage. The tanks are filled from the tip tanks and during filling the fuel is distributed by gravity. This means that after filling each tank has the same percentage of fuel.

All weight above 13,500 lbs should be wing and tip tank fuel.

The flight characteristics are negatively influenced by the tip tanks (Dutch roll and front weight) that is why it is common to burn the tip tanks first.

From Equipment=>Fuel and Payload it is possible to open or close a tank.

There is only one type of jet fuel in FlightGear. To go from Gallons to pounds, multiply with 6.72 .

#Calculate from your planning the amount of fuel needed.
##:1st hour 223 Gallon
##:2nd hour 194 Gallon
##:3rd hour 164 Gallon
##:4th hour 134 Gallon
##For flights less then two hours fill the tanks to the max. landing weight (15,300lb) then add the amount of expected fuel burn. (i.e. for a two hour flight fill to 15,300 lb, then add 223+194 Gallons)
##Make sure there is a reserve of at least 90 Gallons in each wing that can be used for a go-around procedure.
#Load the amount of fuel using Equipment=>Fuel and payload. Made sure the sliders are above each other so to simulate gravity.
#Before taking off close the wing and fuselage tanks keeping only the tip tanks open.
#After approx an hour into the flight open the fuselage tank.
#After another half hour open the two wing tanks.
#Just before approach check the content of the tip tanks. If a tank holds more as 138 Gallons jettison (empty) the tip tanks. Else they could snap off during landing.
There is an upgrade kit available to increase the length of the tip tanks giving a longer range of the aircraft.

===Altitude and flight planning===
*Flight duration 1 hour, fly between FL300 and FL330.
*Flight duration 2 hours, fly between FL330 and FL370.
*Flight duration 3 hours, fly between FL370 and FL400.
*Flight duration 4 hours, fly between FL400 and FL430.

=== Engines ===
The engines can take N1 105% for about 5 seconds before you will have to replace them. They can take N1 103% for about 5 minutes which is just sufficient for an emergency ascend to FL180. (some documents state 1 second for 105% and 1 minute for 100...103%) Continues power is possible at N1 101.5% but it's best is to keep at or below 100%. Optimal cruise and climb, lowest fuel burn, is at N1 85%.

N1 63% gives about 210 [[KIAS]] at FL 250, N1 73% gives about 250 [[KIAS]].

===Flaps and brakes===
The flaps have three settings.
#8<sup>o</sup> makes the wings more efficient and provides a good deal of additional lift. It does not slow down the aircraft much. To make the aircraft take off easier, reducing the need for new tires, this setting is used. If you are sure to stay below 200 knots during VFR flight, touring over the country side, the throttle has more grain giving perfect control during slow, low level flight. The Learjet 35-A is certified for VFR flight.
#20<sup>o</sup> gives enough drag to slow down an aircraft. It also makes the wings more efficient during take off and this setting should be used with heavy loaded aircraft.
#40<sup>o</sup> is almost like a handbrake on your car. The aircraft wants to make a full stop on this setting. It provides some additional lift and should be used during take-off with with MTOW but be sure to shift to a lower setting as soon as possible. With this setting you can perform an emergency descent with a negative pitch of up to 40. During landing you will have to set N1 between 60...80% to prevent stalling. With higher speeds the aircraft will have an extreme pitch behaviour.
*The three settings are sufficient for normal use however there is an upgrade kit available giving a notch at 15 and 30. This makes the aircraft more flexible as a cargo transporter.
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) can be used at any speed below V<sub>MO</sub>. One thing to remember is, do not combine spoilerons with flaps, except during slowing down on the runway. The flaps want to push down the nose, the spoilerons do not have this effect. Be sure to retract them when you have reached the desired speed.
*Reversers can only be used below decision height and on the ground. If enabled the amount of reverse thrust depends on the throttle. It is advised to keep N1 below 85%. It should not be used below 60 knots with to prevent debris flying around everywhere, even entering the engines. Reversers can be used, on ground, to "powerback" (go backwards), use low thrust and never (ever!) use the brakes, use forward thrust instead. After use of the reversers they must receive an inspection therefore they can only be used once. It is against regulations to use reversers prior to take-off and with touch-and-go landings. It is a known risk that reversers can get stuck in the reverse position. (14 CFR Part 39 Amendment 39-4361; AD 79-08-01 R1 & MIA97FA213) Reversers will reduce the length needed for landing however plan to use a runway with sufficient length without reversers.

===Cockpit and control panel===
This Learjet 35-A has been refitted with the control panel of the [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel|Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The usage and information provided is the same.

Please note that most heading information the Primus 1000 gives is Magnetic except the arrows, those show True. As the deviation-bars also show Magnetic [[radio navigation]] should be based on Magnetic. Since runway headings are based on True they should be corrected for the magnetic deviation before entering this information in the machine. For an ILS there isn't much of a problem since it gives just one radial, but for airfields without an [[ILS]] but with a [[VOR-DME]] the deviation can be well noticeable. The deviation can be retrieved from Equipment => Instrument Settings => HI offset. Add this value to the heading of the runway.
===Autopilot===
Differences from expected behaviour,
*VNAV/Pitch will set climb, level or descend depending on the ''previous'' setting on the Altitude. If you were climbing '''with''' autopilot, Pitch will continue the climb.
*VNAV/Pitch will not be lit on the dashboard.
*VS does not work.
*B/C Back Course does not work.
*V/S Pitch up down does not work.
*Roll Knob does not function.

===Passengers and cargo===
This aircraft is configured for 8 passengers, 6 luxury leather seats, one flight attendant and one flap-down seat. There is room in the front for the luggage of the pilot and co-pilot with a max of 100 lb. Between the wings, just behind the last seats is the cargo hold that has room for 500 lb.

The maximum weight of the aircraft, without fuel, is 13,500 lbs.

It is possible to overload the aircraft with the risk of leaving the undercarriage and tires somewhere on the tarmac. There is an upgrade kit available making it stronger.

If your passengers are claustrophobic advise them to wait for an airliner. The width of the tube is 4.95ft (1,8 meters) and the height is 4.4 ft (1,34 meters) so not much room to take a walk.

The more weight in the back the better, so have your passengers sit from the back to the front.

===Warning systems===
*This aircraft has a [[Ground proximity warning system |MK VIII]] installed. It will callout the height and will give out warnings about flaps, landing gear and when the ground is too close. Most annoying is the alarm sound for lowering the gear.
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] is installed and visible on the MFD. Use the [[Cessna_Citation_Bravo_panel#Console | centre console]] to change visible radar range.
*The FC 530 AP will warn for stall and overspeed.
:*The stall warning will give a high pitch sound. In this simulation there is no stick shaker. The stall warning will shutdown the autopilot and will enable the caution alarm. The stall warning system is not perfectly capable of detecting a stall while banking. Contrary to the real aircraft this simulation does not include a stick push. When the alarm sound the aircraft is in a stall, not nearing a stall.
:*The overspeed alarm sounds like a clicking sound, a reason to slow down quick before the aircraft disintegrates. It will enable the caution alarm. Limitations are:
::*Caution when Mach > 0.74 and no AP
::*Caution when KIAS>300 and ALT < 8,000
::*Caution when KIAS>350 and ALT > 8,000
::*Stick pull KIAS>354 or MACH >0.82
*The Caution alarm sounds like honk honk, silent, silent. It can be stopped after the cause of the alarm has been taken away. Just press the button to shut it off. Check the aircraft limits when the cause of the alarm is unknown.
*The autopilot will also shutdown in the following events: G-forces over the limit or engines have stopped.

===Stall behaviour===
When the speed is reduced the Lear will nose-dive before there is a stall. If you fight that behaviour, pull up, you will find that a stall without flaps can cause loss of control diving left or right to start a spin. With flaps you can steer left and right without loosing control sinking at an extreme rate. To get out of a stall the easiest steps are to give max power and lower nose. With one engine down however max power will worsen the situation so lower nose to pick up speed, get control back and then increase thrust slowly. Stall character of the Learjet 35-A is described as very mild.

===Flight characteristics===
The Learjet loves to go up, it loves to go down. But it doesn't like level flight. The Autopilot has a Yaw Damper function to help level flight. Heavy tip tanks combined with low speeds can cause a Dutch Roll, it will make your passengers sick and can,in extremes, cause loss of control.

This machine is build to be happy above FL390, it's possible to fly [[KTAS]] 471 keeping N1 at 100%. Below FL390 the engines are not strong enough. The ceiling at 45,000 is for the standard machine, for research aircraft have been fitted with better seals keeping the cabin pressurized at higher altitudes.

Above 220 [[KIAS]] and/or above FL180 the aircraft should be flown with Autopilot since the slightest stick movements, above that speed, can cause scary things.

There are some things you should not do,
*Give full throttle with one engine down when the aircraft is near a stall during landing. (The aircraft will be pushed to one side)
*Set the altimeter to the wrong [[QNH]], mistaking a 2 with a 3. (The aircraft can be a 1000 feet lower as expected).
*Set the autopilot to an undefined high (twist the button) and then forget to set it correctly. (Making the aircraft fly too high, loosing pressure and oxygen making the aircraft fly a long way on autopilot before the engines shut down due to loss of fuel)
*Fly near the Falklands during a war. (The British might use you for target practice)

==Procedure flight==
=== Startup ===
#Fuel up the machine.
#Check brakes are ON.
#Check flaps are retracted.
#Check spoilerons are retracted.
#Check trim is centred.
#Throttle on 0, the machine will auto-throttle during start-up.
# Start the engines:
#* Manual:
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to ON.
##Avionics Power.
###Switch to INV 1.
###Right switch to ON.
##Ignition switches (LH and RH) to NORM.
##Click LM button on Engine Start (LH light will light up while revving up, wait till the light is off).
##Click RH button on Engine Start (RH light will light up while revving up).
##Check if the engines are running, N1 should hover around 50%.
##Switch L GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch R GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to OFF.
##Click the Master Warning Reset button to acknowledge the warning.
##Exterior Lights COLL to AMT.
##Exterior Lights NAV to UP.
#* Or use the Autostart option.
#Close the wing tanks and the fuselage tank.
#If the outside temperature is below -25<sup>o</sup> idle engines for at least three minutes.
#Tune to ATIS and set ALT to [[QNH]] by turning the BARO knob below the display.
# Pre-set the autopilot.
## Open Autopilot=>Autopilot settings.
## Click HDG (or NAV) and ALT to arm the Autopilot.
## Enter the heading in the HDG BUG box.
## Enter 39,000 in the ALT SET box.
#Release the brakes, give some throttle and go to runway start.

=== Take off and Ascend ===

# At runway start,
## Check spoilerons, flaps, trim, brake.
## Give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps (or more with loads MTOW, or short runways).
## Release brakes.
## Give throttle, keep N1 below 103% but above 95% (105% will kill the engine)
## While accelerating on the runway increase N1 when possible.
## Push yokes a bit down, specially with sidewind.
## Pull the jokes at V<sub>R</sub>.
## Rotate to 14 degrees.
## Check N1
# Speed is above 170 [[KIAS]]
## Retract landing gear.
## Retract flaps.
# Above 3000 feet [[AGL]].
## Set N1 to 85%.
## Turn.
## Trim to keep speed between 190 and 220 [[KIAS]].
## Slowly reduce the attitude to 7 degrees.
# At reaching 18,000 feet, (about 5 mins after takeoff).
## Enable the Autopilot, centre and release the yokes ("5").
## Click STD to set the [[altimeter]] to [[pressure altitude]].
## Check N1.
# After reaching FL 390, (about 16 mins after takeoff).
## Enable Low Bank in the autopilot.
## Let the aircraft gain some speed till above 200 [[KIAS]].
## Set the [[altitude]] to 41,000 feet.
# It takes about 18 minutes, 90 NM miles and 65 Gallons of fuel to reach FL 410.
## At 41,000 feet let the aircraft gain speed to near 220 [[KIAS]] which takes about 4 mins.
## Set IAS to 220 in the autopilot to prevent overspeed.
## If needed to go higher wait till the speed is above 200 and set altitude bug.

Alternative, when there are obstacles (mountains) near:
:# At takeoff rotate to 14 degrees.
:# When speed has picked to above 160 rotate to 20 degrees.
:# Retract landing gear.
:# When speed is above 170 [[KIAS]] retract flaps.
:# When you are above safety altitude reduce N1 to 85% and do as described above.

=== Level flight ===
At an [[altitude]] of 41,000 feet and with an [[airspeed]] of 220 knots (=N1 85%) you get a groundspeed of about 420 knots. This is the most economical speed and height for this aircraft. At 41,000 feet you can push it to an airspeed of near 240 knots, giving 460 [[KTAS]], but that will hit the envelope of this aircraft.

Monitor the amount of fuel in the tiptanks. If a tiptank is below 100 Gallons open up the fuselage tank. If the fuselage tank is below 100 Gallons open up both wing tanks. The centre of gravity will move to the back of the aircraft reducing drag.

Fly your course using the [[Radio beacons]] you can find. Intercept radials on [[NAV1]].
*Use the Display Controller (DC-550) to the left of the Display.
**The left bearing knob (BRG O) will show the direction of NAV1 or the [[ADF]].
**The right bearing knob (BRG <> ) will show the direction of NAV2 or the ADF.
**The NAV button will switch between NAV1 or NAV2 (or ILS 1 and 2) and will display the set Radial.
***Avoid using FMS. Do not use NAV2 for automated flight.
*Use the Autopilot Window to set the heading bug.
If a [[VOR]] has no reception it will show North. If the ADF has no reception it will show Up (tricky).

=== Descend ===
# At a slant distance of about 115 NM start your descent towards the runway (assuming RW elevation of near zero [[AMSL]], if the RW is higher you can descent later). The sink rate will be about 1970 ft/min.
# Set the altitude to 10,000 [[AGL]] (so if the runway has an elevation of 1245 feet set to 11,245 feet), set speed to 170 [[KIAS]], engines will run idle . While descending it is possible to fly very very fast at the cost of a large amount of fuel and with the risk of overspeed.
# The autopilot has been tuned to give a glidepath of a bit more as 3 degrees.
# At FL 180 set the [[altimeter]] to [[QNH]]. Disable Low Bank. Set the [[heading bug]] to the current course towards the runway.
# Set the runway heading into the Radial of Nav 1 of the radio and set the frequency of the [[ILS]].
# At 10,000 [[AGL]] the distance to the runways should be about 30 NM. If needed use the spoilerons to slow down to increase sinkrate.
# Descend to 1,500 feet [[AGL]] and aim to intercept the radial of the ILS at about 7...5 NM away from the runway. While making turns you can go to a speed of 240 [[KIAS]]. Use spoilerons to slow down.
# Hit NAV to intercept the radial.
# Slow down to 170 [[KIAS]], retract spoilerons, give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.

You can only intercept the ILS radial if you are nearer as approx 40 NM of the runway. A speed below 170 [[KIAS]] can cause the aircraft to sink during high bank turns.

{| border="1" style="text-align:right"
|+Cheatsheet 3 degrees altitude/distance
!altitude ||1||1.5||2||2.5||3||3.5||4||6||10||20||30||feet
|-
|distance||3.1||4.7||6.3||7.8||9.4||11.0||12.6||18||31||63||94||NM
|}
( ALT(ft) * 1000 / 318.12 = Dist(NM) )

=== Landing ===
The [[ILS]] takes away the need for horizontal control. To stay inside the [[glidescope]] it is needed to change pitch (yokes) and speed (autopilot). The ILS won't work below decision height (200 feet [[AGL]]).

The intention is to slow as much as possible, but with sufficient control for a go-around.

#Calculate Vref (see table above).
#At a distance of 4.7 NM (attitude 1500 feet) you should intercept the glidescope on the ILS. Due to mountains or weather reception of the ILS can be hindered, the gildescope can also be caught at 1000 feet and 3.1 NM.
#The speed is 170 [[KIAS]] with 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, flying on the radial.
#At one degree below glidescope (the green dot is on the dot above centre).
##Speedbug at Vref KIAS.
##20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
##Close the autopilot window.
##Hit APPR to catch the glidescope.
#:*If the glidescope is not shown on the ILS, reset Altitude on the Autopilot to "0" (zero).
#The nose will dive down, pull it up slowly so that the aircraft remains about horizontal.
#Pull up nose when too low, decrease speed when too high but keep the speed above Vref KIAS.
#Aim to a sinkrate of 400...700 feet/min
#At the 1000 mark check tiptanks and weight, jettison fuel if needed.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup>, the engines will give more power.
#At the 500 mark deploy landing gear.
#At decision height (set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown, stallwarning-system is disabled.
#Prepare to do a go-around is visibility is insufficient.
#At runway threshold set power to idle.
#Land the aircraft on two wheels, nose up, and correct for winds.
#On nose touchdown enable spoilerons (Ctrl-B), deploy reversers (DEL) and give max. power.
#Below 60 knots, set throttle to idle, stow the reversers.
#Hit the parking brake (SHIFT-B) to make a full stop.
#Take a deep breath.

Park the aircraft.

====Non-precision Approach====
# 7+ NM from RW: 180...165 [[KIAS]], flaps up, gear up.
# 7...5 NM from RW, aligned at 1,500 [[AGL]]: Vref + 30 KIAS, 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, descend if required.
# 5...1 NM from RW, descending: Vref + 20 KIAS, 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
# 500 feet AGL: 40<sup>o</sup> flaps, N1 up, gear down.
# Threshold: Vref KIAS.

=== Shutdown ===
Reverse the [[Learjet 35-A#Startup|startup procedure]] described earlier.
===Eating a bird===
At lower altitudes an engine can eat a bird and shutdown.

Flying with one engine down is good possible however,
*double the runway length, for both take-off and landing
*half the rotation, half the climb
*half the cruise altitude
*do not use AP during climb
Landing is described at [[#Landing, one engine out| Landing, one engine out]].

==Flight school==
Some things a pilot should be able to perform so find a nice long runway with an [[ILS]] and ask permission from ATC to do some practising. Keep the tarmac clean and don't scare the neighbours by crashing.
===Restart engines===
Since there is a risk that fuel runs out, forgetting to open up the fuselage or wing tanks.
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 200 [[KIAS]]
#Shutdown both tip tanks to force engine shutdown.
#Open up fuel tanks.
#Restart engines.
===Stall - clean===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 [[KIAS]].
#Disable speed bug (autopilot SPD).
#Set throttle to idle.
#Take the yokes.
#Keep the aircraft from sinking by pulling the yokes gently.
#Ignore the lower-gear warning.
#At stall warning, full throttle, give flaps. Only lower nose if needed to take away stall symptoms (banking).
#Let the aircraft pickup speed and when above minimums enable autopilot again. Have the yokes centred before enabling the autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 KIAS.
#Set 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Set speedbug to Vref KIAS.
#Set 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Lower gear.
#Below Vref + 25 set full flaps.
#Use pitch (yokes) to get a '''stable''' sinkrate between 400...700 feet/min at Vref [[KIAS]].
#Disable the speedbug, do not change throttle.
#Pull nose to get to a level flight. Pull more when sinking again.
#At stall warning max power, lower nose if needed.
#At positive rate of climb pull up gear.
#Set a pitch of 14 degrees. Retract flaps, centre yokes and enable autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration, one engine out===
Perform the same stall but this time shutdown one engine and keep flaps at 20.

===Landing, one engine out===
As a normal [[#Landing|landing]] but with the following critical differences.
#Set speed to Vref +20 and don't go below that. Use pitch only to control glidescope.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup> at 100...150 AGL (not earlier), immediately idle the left-over engine, land. Do not use reversers...
#There should be sufficient speed and power for a controlled go-around.
#After landing you can use the left-over engine to push the aircraft to the parking place.
Touch-and-go is not possible. Required RW length is double. When the speed is too low a power-up, for a go-around or to prevent a full stall, will push the aircraft uncontrollable to one side. This manoeuvre should be practised on a virtual runway well above the real one before attempting this on hard tarmac.

===Go-around===
This procedure (Go-around, Missed approach) should be practised and should be applied when visibility is insufficient for a landing. Practice on a virtual runway a few 100's feet above the real runway. This procedure works for normal landings and with one engine out.
#At decision height (200 feet [[AGL]], set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown and the stall warning will be disabled.
#The [[indicated airspeed]] should be just above Vref or Vref + 20 with one engine out. AP should be off.
#Give max throttle (keep N1 below 103.5%).
#Rotate to 7 degrees.
#Check vertical speed.
#With positive rate of climb, retract gear.
#Call [[ATC]].
#Centre trim.
#Above V<sub>r</sub> retract flaps.
#Reset AP.
#Rotate to 14 degrees until above 3000 feet.
You should have 180 Gallons left in the wings to go-around or to find another runway nearby.

==Tweaking aircraft files==
===Change livery ===
[[File:Learjet35_01.jpg|250px|thumb|Waves Livery]]
The livery can not be changed as easy as with other aircraft.
#Locate in the directory Models the files Paint1.png and Paint1 (2).png
#Rename Paint1.pnt to Paint1 (1).png
#Rename Paint1 (2).png to Paint1.png
#Restart FlightGear

===Modify livery===
*The *.psd layers of the wavevom livery are available [http://2rowdy.aacity.net/FG/Paintkit%20Learjet%2035a.zip Paintkit Learjet35a.zip] (zipped file)
*If you have Gimp, Paint dot net or Photoshop you can open and edit the layers of the file.
*Save the modified file as a flat non-transparent (24 bits) png image with name: Paint1.png.
*Place the file in the Models directory after making a backup of the original Paint1.png file.

==Development status/Issues/Todo==
*Development has taken a different turn. In short, we will use the aircraft files, but we will completely redo them as like making a new aircraft. So, new interior, new exterior, new systems, new instruments etc etc.

==Updates==
===Version 20120130===
*FC-530 behavior
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] installed
*MFD and NAV view
*Reversers possible below decision height
*Contrails and smoketrails
*Overspeed and Ceiling don't stop AP
*Engine maintenance (Turbine<=>Fan)

===Version 20111222===
* N1 0...110% with the risk of blowing up the engine
* Thrust at N1 101% 3500 lbs
* Changed engine sounds
* Wind with landing gear and flaps
* Stall warning
* Overspeed warning
* Caution sound
* Engine start and shutdown sounds
* Yasim wing sweep correct
* Panel N1 and ITT now in real range with real colours (but in bars and not dials)
* Different MK VIII setting
* Limits and warnings on N1, spoilerons and flaps *2, reversers, engines out, stall and overspeed. Some will cause the warning sound, some will shut down the AP, some just tell the aircraft has broken up into fragments.
* [[Instant Replay]]
* Aircraft help
* Micro HUD
* Prepared for FG 2.6.0

===Version 20111111===
* Remodel Yasim according to drawings.
* Two tip tanks, two wing tanks and one fuselage tank.
* Corrected empty weight.
* Increased power at altitude.
* Separate Instruments 3-d no longer needed.
* Completely different flight behaviour, less predictable, more fun, more real.
* Animated reversers.
* Correct flap angles.
* AP Low bank functional.
* Limits implemented.
* N1 and N2 tweaked to almost real.
===From v2009 to v2011-10-21===
* Fuel-load 2 x 465.5 Gallons.
* Thrust 3500
* tsfc (fuel consumption) 0.504
* Autopilot climb attitude from 3.5 to 7.1
* Altitude was system [[altitude]], corrected to indicated altitude.
* Livery shadow fixed.
* Autopilot Y/D now functional.
* DC-550 a bit more visible.
* Removal of non available animations.
* Clean-up of obsolete and redundant files.

==Related content==
* [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]; the Citation has the same panel. Some great hints and tips can be found there.

==External links==
*[http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=13256&p=134319#p134319 Discussion thread on the Flightgear Forum.]
*[http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=265 Learjet on airliners.net]
*[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_content.jsp?channel=bca&id=xml/bca_xml/2010/09/01/BC_09_01_2010_p80-249555.xml&headline=Learjet+35+Series+Aircraft Learjet on aviatonweek.com]
*[http://www.businessjet.com/Aircraft_Data/Learjet35.php Learjet on businessjet.com]
*[http://www.aviastar.org/air/usa/learjet-35.php Learjet on Aviastarr.org]
*[http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_lear35_en.php Learjet and great pictures on flugzeuginfo.net]
*[http://www.spyflight.co.uk/learjet.htm Some lesser known facts about the Learjet on spyflight.co.uk]
*[http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-07012010-31295010054285/unrestricted/31295010054285.pdf Thesis: Gates Learjet Corporation - Production Facilities - by Rick.J.Denzer Dec 10 1981](pdf) Also contains a detailed history of the corporation.

{{Appendix}}

{{bombardier}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Business Jet]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

Suggested Flights

2012-03-01T16:27:06Z

PH-JBO: /* Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca */ recording publication

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-O09.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403]]
* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as FlightGear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4000 to a max of 8930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter February 2012]].

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176°.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250°. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16,000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14,422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250°. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19,000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18,362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19,872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19,101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2°. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8,405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11,405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11,405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==

[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

Talk:Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner

2012-03-01T16:24:57Z

PH-JBO: /* Aircraft of the Month */

= Rate of growth :-) =
If this continues to grow at this pace, it might be better to split off some parts to separate sub pages, or possibly even create a new "787" sub portal. For example, the checklists and tutorials could be moved at some point. So that it's hopefully becoming easier to navigate all the documentation we have here. Any thoughts/comments?--[[User:Hooray|Hooray]] 09:12, 23 February 2012 (EST)
::Sure, Atm I'll put the things here and we'll discuss how we should split it... ~[[User:Omega1174|Omega95]]
::: From a usability POV, I would suggest to use a "tabbed" layout, with things split into distinct categories (systems overview, tutorials, checklists, CDU reference). --[[User:Hooray|Hooray]] 12:32, 25 February 2012 (EST)

In-line with the previous contributor.. I suggest to split into two pages. 787-8 development and a 787-8 [[AFM]] [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] 12:18, 29 February 2012 (EST)

== Aircraft of the Month ==

I suggest to link with the newsletter. [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] 11:24, 1 March 2012 (EST)

Talk:Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner

2012-03-01T16:24:32Z

PH-JBO: /* Aircraft of the Month */ new section

Talk:Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner

2012-02-29T17:18:38Z

PH-JBO:

Talk:Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner

2012-02-29T17:18:21Z

PH-JBO:

AFM

2012-02-29T17:17:59Z

PH-JBO: Redirected page to Flight rules#Aircraft flight manual

#redirect[[Flight rules#Aircraft flight manual]]

FlightGear Newsletter February 2012

2012-02-29T17:10:37Z

PH-JBO: /* Aircraft of the month */ Image with link to mentioned wiki page

{{draft|newsletter|Feel free to contribute! Or [[FlightGear Newsletter January 2012|read the latest edition]].}}
{{newsletter}}
{{TOC_right|limit=2}}

''We would like to emphasize that the monthly newsletter can not live without the contributions of FlightGear users and developers. Everyone with a wiki account (free to register) can edit the newsletter and every contribution is welcome. So if you know about any FlightGear related news or projects such as for example updated scenery or aircraft, please do feel invited to add such news to the newsletter.''

== FlightGear 2.6.0 released ==
Following our [[release plan]], version 2.6.0 of our simulator has been released. Please check the [[changelog 2.6.0]] for what has changed since our last release 6 months ago.

== Development news ==

=== Heads up: Project Rembrandt ===
As many of you may have heard already, Fred is currently making huge progress on adding shadows to FlightGear in [[Project Rembrandt]]. Now, F-JJTH ported the P92 to use the new system and posted a youtube video demonstrating [[Project Rembrandt]] at work. To provide feedback, please check out the the [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=14883 forum thread].

{|
|{{#ev:youtube|v02phoOqWHE|400|Project Rembrandt at work}}
|[[File:Project-rembrandt-cockpit-lighting.png|600px|Cockpit lighting in Project Rembrandt at work (by F-JJTH)]]
|}

== Interview with a contributor (Christian Schmitt) ==
''In each edition we have an interview with a contributor. Suggestions for possible questions are available on [[interview questions]], you are invited to come up with new questions and interview ideas obviously! Anyone is free to write an interview (with him-/herself or others) for next month's newsletter! If you'd like to help interview a contributor or get interviewed, please do consider adding yourself to the [[list of interview volunteers]]! To keep this going and less awkward, we are currently trying to come up with the convention that former interviewees become next month's interviewers.''

* What is your forum/IRC nickname?
Surprise: it's papillon81. Yes, I'm that guy :)
* How long have you been involved in FlightGear?
Acording to my mail correspondence it must have been in 2007/2008 when I became an active part. I was unsatisfied with the state of EDDF in the FG scenery (no buildings, lightpoles everywhere), so I teamed up with a guy who had already started some work there. I ended up creating all of the terminal buildings and improving the airport layout. In those days, not many pilots were flying there. This changed in the months afterwards, which was a big boost of motivation, too.
* What are your major interests in FlightGear?
My main interest is clearly the scenery and technology connected with it, like GIS. I started to create some custom scenery, like Helgoland, and after I was granted direct access to the mapserver database, I was able to proxy-commit other peoples work, that started to come in. IMHO, the best FDM or aircraft models are useless if you don't have a nice place to fly, takeoff and land :) So this area is what motivates me the most.
* What project are you working on right now?
Some months ago I was fed up of FG being unable to read apt.dat 850 data. So I started digging into the terragear code. Having no experience with C++, it was a steep learning curve, but to my own surprise I was able to convert the original TG parser to read the runway data and other features from the new format files. I started to implement as many features I was able to. Luckily, Pete was already working on the taxiways and surface features. So we teamed up and eventually merged our work together. Since then it has become a really great project to learn and improve FG along the way for me. I hope it will be put into use for the next scenery version. Before that can happen, we need more testers and bug reports (hint! hint! hint!) :)

* What do you plan on doing in the future?
I will continue to work on Terragear, commit some improvements to the Concorde (my favorite plane in FG) and take care of merge requests. I'd also like to dive more into the FG/SG code and do some adjustments here and there. We'll see what else the future might bring :)
* Are you happy with the way the FlightGear project is going?
I'm actually very happy with it. The improvements from 2 years ago up to now are breathtaking. Sometimes it is just amazing what features people start to work on, like Project Rembrandt right now. Also, the work that went into the weather and shader system recently is amazing.
* What do you enjoy most about developing for FlightGear?
The fact that we support each other and have a strong community with many very capable people from completely different backgrounds. Knowing that you can build on the work of others and that there is a helping hand in case of problems. Personally I like the FG IRC channel a lot.
* What advice can you give to new developers who want to get started on their first aircraft/new feature/Nasal script?
They should first of all have some experience with FG in general, meaning, they should have used the program for some time. We often have people asking questions that they could answer for themselves just by USING FG a bit with different aircraft for a bit longer than just a day or so. If they identify an area where they want to start developing, they should get in contact with the maintainer(s) and seek advice before investing many hours of work.

More questions are being collected here: [[Interview questions]].

Stay tuned for next month's interview, featuring FlightGear contributor XXXXXXXX

== Snapshot releases ==
Every now and then, easy-to-install development snapshots are created (usually, twice montlhy). These snapshots depict a recent state of the development version of FlightGear. By using them users can test out features that will be included in the upcoming release. Testers are encouraged to file bugs at [http://code.google.com/p/flightgear-bugs/ the issue tracker].

The snapshot can be downloaded via the links at the bottom of this page: http://www.flightgear.org/download/. Updates and feedback can be found [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=10488&p=144233&hilit=snapshot#p144233 at the forum].

== Nasal for newbies ==

== New software tools and projects ==

== FlightGear addons and mods ==

== In the hangar ==
All the way back in May 2011, we addopted a new status-rating system for aircraft. So far, only a few have actually been rated, as can be seen in the list 'hockenberry' set up at [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApzphjA4w05ndF94Y2F0bzJTbHQ5QTJXZXJRcUVRbWc&hl=en_US Google Docs]. If you're an aircraft developer and your aircraft is/are not on the list, please consider rating their status. All you'll need to know/do is described at [[Formalizing Aircraft Status]]. If you'd just like to get started contributing to FlightGear, this would also seem like an excellent way to get started.

=== A new instrument: Vertical Situation Display ===
[[File:Omega95-vsd-instrument.jpeg|200px|thumb|Omega95's VSD instrument]]
Omega95 has created an entirely new instrument type for FlightGear, a so called Vertical Situation Display (VSD).

This was done entirely in scripting space using Nasal and XML animations. He's basically proven everbody wrong who ever claimed that complex instruments couldn't yet be created in scripting space. Apparently, he managed to create this instrument in less than 24 hrs. His first question related to this was about accessing trigonometric functions from Nasal, shortly thereafter he posted screen shots depicting his VSD.

To read up on the whole discussion, please see [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=15200 the forum topic]. There's work ongoing to turn his project into a new tutorial for the wiki on creating complex instruments in scripting space: [[Howto: Implement a Vertical Situation Display in Nasal]].

=== Glider winch launching ropes ===
[[File:DG-101G_winch_launch_with_rope.png|thumb|200px|A DG-101G during a winch launch.]]
Before now, FlightGear never showed ropes during winch launching. However, now, you will no longer have to fly gliders while being pulled by some invisible connection between you and the winch.

[[User:Gijs|Gijs]] started working on an animated 3D rope, attached to the glider and winch. The cable exist of the following parts:

* '''Strop''' (3 m) attached to the glider with a ring.
* '''Weak link assembly''' designed to break apart before the cable or any other equipment fails.
* '''Trace''' (17 m)
* '''Parachute''' so the cable doesn't drop too quickly after releasing.
* '''Launch cable''' the longest part; all the way to the winch.

=== New aircraft ===
[[File:Harrier-GR1 Splash.png|thumb|left|200px|Harrier GR.1 splash screen]]
[[File:RAH-66 splash.png|thumb|200px|RAH-66 splash screen]]
==== Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.1 ====
[[Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR1]] is a private project by pjedvaj, it was not intended to replace or update the existing [[British Aerospace Harrier]]. It has a detailed 3D model complete with a cockpit, animations and RAF livery. Instruments and HUD are also fairly authentic. The aircraft has working ADEN guns and basic fuel and weight control. The FDM is adapted from the original BAe Harrier, but internal and external fuel tank capacities are modified to match the GR.1 version.

==== Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Commanche ====
[[Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Commanche]] was started as a [[Bounty/RAH-66 Comanche|bounty]] by sgofferj and developed by pjedvaj but I later withdraw from the bounty. This was my first helicopter project and FDM development is curently in stub (RAH-66 is using adapted FDM from Tatsuhiro Nishioka's [[Kawasaki OH-1]]). It has a detailed 3D model, animations and two liveries used to present different variants of RAH-66. Helicopter has a working XM301 cannon controled by joystick and basic weight control for armament in internal bays. AFCS includes SAS, CAS and Auto Hover. You're free to continue the development to fully claim the bounty.

=== Updated aircraft ===
==== Airwave Xtreme 150 ====
[[File:Airwave Xtreme 150 Innsbruck.png|thumb|200px]]
Hanging around in the FlightGear hangar ever since 2002, FlightGear's only hang glider finally got an animated pilot! D-NXKT did some fabolous work on creating realistic looking body movements for the [[Airwave Xtreme 150]]'s pilot. To do all this, he first had to convert some files, as the whole model got invisible due to our switch to [[OSG]]. Future plans include creating a JSBSim FDM. That'll allow the glider to interact with the environment/weather. Thanks to JSBSim's flexibility, shifting weight can be simulated realistically!

More to follow in future newsletters.

==== Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner ====
[[File:boeing-787-8-splash.png|thumb|200px|The Boeing 787-8 Splash Screen]]
The Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner has already been there in FlightGear for a very long time -it has been in the FG official hangar since version 1.0.
However, it was created while the 787 was still a prototype aircraft; it did not correctly show many of the 787's actual features like a realistic glass cockpit and accurate instruments.

The new/updated Boeing 787-8 is a community project that features new JSBSim flight dynamics, Vertical Navigation, a realistic 787 glass cockpit, new CDUs, Electronic Flight Bags, TCAS, advanced Nav Displays, [[Howto:_Implement_a_Vertical_Situation_Display_in_Nasal|Vertical Situation Display]], [[Howto:_Implement_a_Fly-By-Wire_System_for_Airliners|Fly-by-wire]] and a lot of other neat features. It has not exactly been completed and the project is still running.

You can find out more about the Boeing 787-8 Project HERE or wait for a while till a wiki page is created for it. One of the really good points of this project is how most of our findings and resources have been converted into Wiki HowTos for other aircraft developers to use for their projects.

==== Cessna 337G Skymaster ====
[[File:Cessna337-cockpit.png|thumb|200px|General view of the new Cessna 337G Skymaster cockpit]]
The [[Cessna 337G Skymaster]] from the Spain-Latinamerica "Vive FlightGear" factory has received a major update.

The new cockpit is now totally modelled, almost buttons and knobs are functional, animated, and properly labeled for easy identification.

New custom sounds, lights, controls, a Bendix/King avionics pack capable of full IFR and night navigation, 2 new HQ liveries and the first FlightGear's working [[ELT]] (Emergency Locator Transmitter) are part of this great improvement on a FlightGear aircraft.

=== Liveries ===

== Scenery corner ==
=== 3D-Model contributors: please read ===
A (long) time ago, specific instructions were given on how to contribute with 3D-models designing withing FG. That is: I want to create nice 3D models for my airport, submit them to the central database, and have them shipped back through Terrasync.
However, it appears that quite a lot of users are still not aware of those guidelines, and sometimes learn about their existence after having created their models.
So please, take some time to (re)read them, and inform the people around you who would like to contribute about the existence of those guidelines. This will save you extra time (and your models will be quickly inserted within the database) and this will also save the (precious) times of the poor guy(s) validating all the models at the other end.
So, here they are: http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/contribute.php .
We also remind you that, to add, edit or delete shared model positions (apart from mass import (that is if you have more than let's say 10 lines to add), you should use our webtools at http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/submission/ .

=== Object-masking and improved materials ===
For a long time, FlightGear has had the ability to place random objects on the scenery. Previously, these objects were placed completely randomly based on a specific density for the material, defined in materials.xml. This didn't look particularly realistic as the placement never matched the underlying texture. Now object and trees can be placed using a "mask", so buildings will only appear where the texture shows buildings, and trees only in green spaces. Additionally, placement is controlled so that random buildings won't overlap with other random buildings, and buildings don't overlap onto adjacent piece of scenery. This makes the random objects appear more realistic, and moves FG one step closer to the auto-gen scenery of MSFS and X-Plane. Further details can be found in fgdata/Docs/README.materials.

In addition to this, the materials.xml and materials-dds.xml files have been restructured to make them more maintainable, fixing a number of bugs in the process.

=== Shanghai Skylines: FG's New (not-so-)Hidden Gem ===
Shanghai is one of the biggest city in China and is among the cities with the highest number of skyscrapers -this is now also true for FlightGear.
25 models were created over the past few months by JVC, who also modeled the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan and the United Nations building in New York.
{|
|[[File:SH fgfs-screen-001.png|250px|thumb|A view of the Shanghai skyline]]
|[[File:Shanghai003.png|250px|thumb|Another view of Shanghai]]
|[[File:Shanghai007.png|250px|thumb|A closer view from near the Shanghai Stock Exchange]]
|}

=== New textures for container ship and freighter AI models ===
Starting from a hi-res panorama that he made, user Cristian Marchi (aka penta) provided new skins for the two AI ships that populates seas in flightgear. More info on the [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=14856 forum thread].
{|
|[[File:Ships-comparison.png|200px|thumb|left|Comparison between untextured and textured AI ships (by Cristian Marchi)]]
|}

=== Photographic scenery ===
Photographic scenery for selected places in the US is now available at http://fgphotoscenery.square7.ch . The covered regions currently include San Francisco Bay, Yosemite NP, Grand Canyon NP, Lake Powell, Sedona, Miami, Everglades NP and Key Largo. The scenery has been created from the public domain imagery courtesy of the [http://www.usgs.org U.S. Geological Survey], has a resolution of about 3m/pixel (10ft/pixel) and is released under the GNU General Public Licence (GPL). In total, more than 1.3GB of imagery are ready for download. Videos of UFO flights through the photographic senery are available in the [http://fgphotoscenery.square7.ch#gallery gallery].

In order to be able to load the photographic scenery into flightgear, the program has to be compiled from source and the patch developed by Benoît Laniel for the Brest photographic scenery has to be applied. Step-by-step [http://fgphotoscenery.square7.ch#installation installation instructions] for this process are provided.

Discussions about fgphotoscenery take place this [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=15174 forum thread].

[[File:fgphotoscenery_gallery.jpg]]

=== Airports ===

== Aircraft of the month ==
[[File:Boeing-787-8-splash.png|right|350px|link=Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner]] {{#ev:youtube|WlzEoCsJvz4|400|Aircraft of the Month - Boeing 787-8}}

== Airport of the month ==
[[File:LFRJ.png|800px]]

[[Landivisiau Naval Air Base|Base d'aéronautique navale de Landivisiau]] (LFRJ) is set in the middle of some amazing scenery. Anyone that wants to try [[VFR]] flight should start here in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretagne Bretagne], France. Memorise the scenery, the churches, the power lines, map them and find your way back easy. It's amazing (Look at all the objects [http://mapserver.flightgear.org/map/?lon=-3.60041&lat=48.27884&zoom=9&layers=B000000TFFFTFFFTFTFFFFF here])! The airfield is home to aircraft that belong on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Naval_Aviation seas] that is why you will see two arresting cables over the runway, don't trip over them. The airfield also holds helicopters such as the former Super Frelon and Westland Lynx, a perfect modelled tower, the warehouses and all the shelters to protect the Rafale and the SEM attack aircraft.

== Screenshot of the month ==

[[File: Lightfield-1.1-14.jpg | 800px]]

A P-51D flying at 20.000 ft over Juneau (Alaska) at dawn using lightfield shaders to render the sunrise (see [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=14755 here] for the shader package for download).

== Suggested flights ==
===Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca===
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the [[Suggested_Flights#Origin_of_the_Amazon_River | origin of the Amazon river]] since we are now at the starting point of that trip.

*More places you can visit can be found at [[Suggested Flights]].

== Aircraft reviews ==

== Wiki updates ==
=== Categorizing images ===
[[User:Johan G|Johan G]] did a great job starting to categorise all images. The sub-categories are listed under [[:Category:Images]].

Please keep the following things in mind when uploading images:
* Give the file a descriptive name. That'll make it easier for others to find your file and use it in articles.
* Categorize your image right when you upload it. That saves others from digging up uncatigorized images later on. Placing your image in a category is as simple as adding the following line to the "description" field:
: <code><nowiki>[[Category:Name of the category]]</nowiki></code>
: A list of available categories can be found under [[:Category:Images]].

=== Documentating templates ===
[[User:Gijs|Gijs]] documentated most [[:Category:Templates|templates]], making use of a global [[Template:Informative template|documentation template]]. The documentation tells you what the template does and how to use it.

=== Feature icons ===
Michat has designed small logos for Aircraft of the Month, [[Dual Control]], [[Bombable]], [[Soaring]], [[Howto:_Do_aerotow_over_the_net|Aerotow]], [[Howto:_Aerial_refueling|Air refueling]] and [[:Category:Aerospace|Aerospace]] aircraft, allowing you to see at a glance which aircraft has some of those interesting features.

[[File:Dualcontrolready2.png|Dual_control]] [[File:BombableReady.png|Bombable]] [[File:Aerotowready.png|Doing aerotow over the net]] [[File:Thermalready.png|Soaring]] [[File:Spacetripready.png|Aerospace]]
[[File:Aircraftofthemonth.png|IAR80]] [[File:Airrefuelingready.png]].

===New articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
</DynamicArticleList>
===New aircraft articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
categoryRoot=Aircraft
</DynamicArticleList>
===Most popular newsletters===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=hot
count=5
categoryRoot=FlightGear Newsletter
</DynamicArticleList>

== Community news ==
=== FlightGear on FSBreak ===
Two of FlightGear's developers, Stuart and Curt were interviewed on one of this month's episodes of [http://www.fsbreak.net FSBreak], recorded on 25th February. FSBreak is a flight simulator podcast that discusses recent flight sim developments and reviews. The hosts, Eric and Brendan, spent almost an hour taking about the project with Curt and Stuart. While most of the content won't be new to readers of this newsletter, it was a great way to promote FlightGear 2.6.0 to the wider flight simulation community.

=== FlightGear on YouTube ===
* [http://youtu.be/hBEaOMzBq6E KSFO Thermal Demo] by MD-BFC Going on their way for Bocian certification
* [http://youtu.be/-yI5PzC5RE8 Sukhoi 37 'The russian dream'] by Águilas de FlightGear performing "Balalaika amok" master tune by Aleksei Arkhipovsky.

=== New tutorials and screencasts ===
=== Forum news ===
Triggered by the new release, we've had more [http://flightgear.org/forums forum] visitors then ever before in the week of 19-25 February! 17,123 people visited the forum in these seven days to be precise. When looking at "unique visitors", only 13-19 February 2011 was a bussier week (9548 against 9076 visitors) (a possible reason for the high number might be that people expected 2.2.0 to be released, which was canceled).

=== Multiplayer ===
=== Virtual airlines ===
=== FlightGear events ===

== Useful links ==
== And finally ... ==
=== Contributing ===
One of the regular thoughts expressed on the FlightGear forums is "I'd like to contribute but I don't know how to program, and I don't have the time". Unfortunately, there is a common mis-conception that contributing requires programming and lots of free time. In fact, there are a huge range of ways to contribute to the project without needing to write code or spending days working on something.

For ideas on starting to contribute to FlightGear, you may want to check out: [[Volunteer]].

=== Call for volunteers ===
* The [[OpenRadar]] project is looking for a new maintainer.
* The [[FGFSPM]] (FlightGear Package Manager) is looking for a new maintainer.

=== Did you know ===
...that you can use expressions to create complex animations of objects in your 3d models or even drive them from multiple properties?
Usually, an animation looks like this
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<animation>
<type>translate</type>
<property>foo/bar</property>
[..]more elements[..]
</animation>
</syntaxhighlight>
You can add a scaling factor or an offset to it, but that's basically all you can do that way.
If you want to animate your object following a complex function, most people create complex Nasal scripts to compute the driving properties, probably not knowing that there is another way to achieve the goal: Expressions.
Here is an example for a translate animation depending on two properties and the cosine function
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<animation>
<type>translate</type>
<expression>
<product>
<property>/my/factor-property</property>
<cos>
<deg2rad>
<property>/my/angular-property</property>
</deg2rad>
</cos>
</product>
</expression>
[..]more elements[..]
</animation>
</syntaxhighlight>
A rich set of predefined functions is available, including almost all those you have on your scientific pocket calculator.

[[Category:FlightGear Newsletter|2012 02]]

User talk:PH-JBO

2012-02-28T19:48:09Z

PH-JBO: /* LFRJ */

==Place your comments and replies here==
Use the + next to edit in the top bar, insert <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> to sign a comment)

==Something about suggested flight==
Hi, I have seen you have posted a suggested flight in the september 2011 newsletter, since I am working on a [[Places_to_fly]] page, do you mind on adding your suggested flight on that page too ? I will then add charts and stuff if you wish...<BR/>
[[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]] 14:09, 6 September 2011 (EDT)

*Sure, add that suggested flight. Great Idea! [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] 17:50, 6 September 2011 (EDT)
*Oh, and all flights are free to use on your page naturally :) [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] 17:56, 6 September 2011 (EDT)

Sorry, I was not notified by email about wiki changes (Wrong email address in my account); I saw you replays only now, I will try to follow your suggestions.<BR/>
thanks<BR/>
--[[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]] 12:14, 14 September 2011 (EDT)

Hi, I have put some extra info to the [[Suggested Flights] Gibraltar section; You says that there is no navaid in the zone, but toady, while creating pdf charts, I have found two vor in next to the airports; vor 113.55 next to Malaga and tacan 113.6 next to gibraltar; Maybe I am in error, and I will find myself lost in the Mediterranean sea :-) can you have a little check on it too ?
(Hope to start putting extra info and photo on that page in 2012 :) )
--[[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]] 05:30, 29 December 2011 (EST)

== Air speeds ==

Good work on the air speeds. I believe that collecting all the relevant terms in one page is the way to go. :-) [[User:Johan G|Johan G]] 13:29, 8 October 2011 (EDT)
*Thank you :) I reworked the existing article that was quite hidden on the wiki. [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] 06:19, 9 October 2011 (EDT)

== LFRJ ==

Hi,

Thanks for the nice input on LFRJ, I've spent quite a lot of time on Brittany, and still working on it. Many things to do yet (I'm working on LFRB right now, have updated LFRQ a bit, still have to work on LFRL and LFRU). The helos in LFRJ are a Super Frelon, a Lynx, and the low poly aircraft is of course a Rafale.

[[User:Olivier.jacq|Olivier.jacq]] 02:28, 28 February 2012 (EST)
: Thank you for correcting my mistake in the newsletter. I can only thank you and the many people that make such amazing scenery. [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] 14:48, 28 February 2012 (EST)

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-27T20:26:31Z

PH-JBO: /* Past Projects */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.
#[[Suggested_Flights#Kisimayu_to_Kilimanjaro| Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro]] as suggested flight.
#LFRJ as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Airport_of_the_month|Airport of the month]] February. Oh golly, there is an aircraft with those thingies on the wings. Is it new? (noooo, but it's still in the secret hangar, still banging on the metal)

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-27T20:24:55Z

PH-JBO: /* Past Projects */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.
#[[Suggested_Flights#Kisimayu_to_Kilimanjaro| Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro]] as suggested flight.
#LFRJ as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Airport_of_the_month|Airport of the month]] February.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

FlightGear Newsletter February 2012

2012-02-27T20:21:36Z

PH-JBO: /* Airport of the month */

{{draft|newsletter|Feel free to contribute! Or [[FlightGear Newsletter January 2012|read the latest edition]].}}
{{newsletter}}
{{TOC_right|limit=2}}

''We would like to emphasize that the monthly newsletter can not live without the contributions of FlightGear users and developers. Everyone with a wiki account (free to register) can edit the newsletter and every contribution is welcome. So if you know about any FlightGear related news or projects such as for example updated scenery or aircraft, please do feel invited to add such news to the newsletter.''

== FlightGear 2.6.0 released ==
Following our [[release plan]], version 2.6.0 of our simulator has been released. Please check the [[changelog 2.6.0]] for what has changed since our last release 6 months ago.

== Development news ==

=== Heads up: Project Rembrandt ===
As many of you may have heard already, Fred is currently making huge progress on adding shadows to FlightGear in [[Project Rembrandt]]. Now, F-JJTH ported the P92 to use the new system and posted a youtube video demonstrating [[Project Rembrandt]] at work. To provide feedback, please check out the the [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=14883 forum thread].

{|
|{{#ev:youtube|v02phoOqWHE|400|Project Rembrandt at work}}
|[[File:Project-rembrandt-cockpit-lighting.png|600px|Cockpit lighting in Project Rembrandt at work (by F-JJTH)]]
|}

== Interview with a contributor (Christian Schmitt) ==
''In each edition we have an interview with a contributor. Suggestions for possible questions are available on [[interview questions]], you are invited to come up with new questions and interview ideas obviously! Anyone is free to write an interview (with him-/herself or others) for next month's newsletter! If you'd like to help interview a contributor or get interviewed, please do consider adding yourself to the [[list of interview volunteers]]! To keep this going and less awkward, we are currently trying to come up with the convention that former interviewees become next month's interviewers.''

* How long have you been involved in FlightGear?
Acording to my mail correspondence it must have been in 2007/2008 when I became an active part. I was unsatisfied with the state of EDDF in the FG scenery (no buildings, lightpoles everywhere), so I teamed up with a guy who had already started some work there. I ended up creating all of the terminal buildings and improving the airport layout. In those days, noone was flying there. This changed in the months afterwards, which was a big boost of motivation, too.
* What are your major interests in FlightGear?
My main interest is clearly the scenery and technology connected with it, like GIS. I started to create some custom scenery, like Helgoland, and after I was granted direct access to the mapserver database, I was able to proxy-commit other peoples work, which followed. IMHO, the best FDM or aircraft models are useless if you don't have a nice place to fly, takeoff and land :) So this area is what motivates me the most.
* What project are you working on right now?

* What do you plan on doing in the future?
* Are you happy with the way the FlightGear project is going?
* What do you enjoy most about developing for FlightGear?
* Are there any "hidden features" you have worked on in FlightGear that new users may miss?
* What advice can you give to new developers who want to get started on their first aircraft/new feature/Nasal script?

More questions are being collected here: [[Interview questions]].

Stay tuned for next month's interview, featuring FlightGear contributor XXXXXXXX

== Snapshot releases ==
Every now and then, easy-to-install development snapshots are created (usually, twice montlhy). These snapshos depict a recent state of the development version of FlightGear. By using them users can test out features that will be included in the upcoming release. Testers are encouraged to file bugs at [http://code.google.com/p/flightgear-bugs/ the issue tracker].

The snapshot can be download via the links at the bottom of this page: http://www.flightgear.org/download/. Updates and feedback can be found [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=10488&p=144233&hilit=snapshot#p144233 at the forum].

== Nasal for newbies ==

== New software tools and projects ==

== FlightGear addons and mods ==

== In the hangar ==
All the way back in May 2011, we addopted a new status-rating system for aircraft. So far, only a few have actually been rated, as can be seen in the list 'hockenberry' set up at [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApzphjA4w05ndF94Y2F0bzJTbHQ5QTJXZXJRcUVRbWc&hl=en_US Google Docs]. If you're an aircraft developer and your aircraft is/are not on the list, please consider rating their status. All you'll need to know/do is described at [[Formalizing Aircraft Status]]. If you'd just like to get started contributing to FlightGear, this would also seem like an excellent way to get started.

=== A new instrument: Vertical Situation Display ===
[[File:Omega95-vsd-instrument.jpeg|200px|thumb|Omega95's VSD instrument]]
Omega95 has created an entirely new instrument type for FlightGear, a so called Vertical Situation Display (VSD).

This was done entirely in scripting space using Nasal and XML animations. He's basically proven everbody wrong who ever claimed that complex instruments couldn't yet be created in scripting space. Apparently, he managed to create this instrument in less than 24 hrs. His first question related to this was about accessing trigonometric functions from Nasal, shortly thereafter he posted screen shots depicting his VSD.

To read up on the whole discussion, please see [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=15200 the forum topic]. There's work ongoing to turn his project into a new tutorial for the wiki on creating complex instruments in scripting space: [[Howto: Implement a Vertical Situation Display in Nasal]].

=== Glider winch launching ropes ===
[[File:DG-101G_winch_launch_with_rope.png|thumb|200px|A DG-101G during a winch launch.]]
Before now, FlightGear never showed ropes during winch launching. However, now, you will no longer have to fly gliders while being pulled by some invisible connection between you and the winch.

[[User:Gijs|Gijs]] started working on an animated 3D rope, attached to the glider and winch. The cable exist of the following parts:

* '''Strop''' (3 m) attached to the glider with a ring.
* '''Weak link assembly''' designed to break apart before the cable or any other equipment fails.
* '''Trace''' (17 m)
* '''Parachute''' so the cable doesn't drop too quickly after releasing.
* '''Launch cable''' the longest part; all the way to the winch.

=== New aircraft ===
==== Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.1 ====
[[File:Harrier-GR1 Splash.png|thumb|200px|Harrier GR.1 splash screen]]
[[Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR1]] is a private project by pjedvaj, it was not intended to replace or update the existing [[British Aerospace Harrier]]. It has a detailed 3D model complete with a cockpit, animations and RAF livery. Instruments and HUD are also fairly authentic. The aircraft has working ADEN guns and basic fuel and weight control. The FDM is adapted from the original BAe Harrier, but internal and external fuel tank capacities are modified to match the GR.1 version.

==== Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Commanche ====
[[File:RAH-66 splash.png|thumb|200px|RAH-66 splash screen]]
[[Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Commanche]] was started as a [[Bounty/RAH-66 Comanche|bounty]] by sgofferj and developed by pjedvaj but I later withdraw from the bounty. This was my first helicopter project and FDM development is curently in stub (RAH-66 is using adapted FDM from Tatsuhiro Nishioka's [[Kawasaki OH-1]]). It has a detailed 3D model, animations and two liveries used to present different variants of RAH-66. Helicopter has a working XM301 cannon controled by joystick and basic weight control for armament in internal bays. AFCS includes SAS, CAS and Auto Hover. You're free to continue the development to fully claim the bounty.

=== Updated aircraft ===
==== Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner ====
[[File:boeing-787-8-splash.png|thumb|200px|The Boeing 787-8 Splash Screen]]
The Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner has already been there in FlightGear for a very long time -it has been in the FG official hangar since version 1.0.
However, it was created while the 787 was still a prototype aircraft; it did not correctly show many of the 787's actual features like a realistic glass cockpit and accurate instruments.

The new/updated Boeing 787-8 is a community project that features new JSBSim flight dynamics, Vertical Navigation, a realistic 787 glass cockpit, new CDUs, Electronic Flight Bags, TCAS, advanced Nav Displays, [[Howto:_Implement_a_Vertical_Situation_Display_in_Nasal|Vertical Situation Display]], [[Howto:_Implement_a_Fly-By-Wire_System_for_Airliners|Fly-by-wire]] and a lot of other neat features. It has not exactly been completed and the project is still running.

You can find out more about the Boeing 787-8 Project HERE or wait for a while till a wiki page is created for it. One of the really good points of this project is how most of our findings and resources have been converted into Wiki HowTos for other aircraft developers to use for their projects.

==== Cessna 337G Skymaster ====
[[File:Cessna337-cockpit.png|thumb|200px|General view of the new Cessna 337G Skymaster cockpit]]
The [[Cessna 337G Skymaster]] from the Spain-Latinamerica "Vive FlightGear" factory have received a major update.

The new cockpit is now totally modelled, almost buttons and knobs are functional, animated, and properly labeled for easy identification.

New custom sounds, lights, controls, a Bendix/King avionics pack capable of full IFR and night navigation, 2 new HQ liveries and the first FlightGear's working [[ELT]] (Emergency Locator Transmitter) are part of this great improvement on a FlightGear aircraft.

=== Liveries ===

== Scenery corner ==
=== 3D-Model contributors: please read ===
A (long) time ago, specific instructions were given on how to contribute with 3D-models designing withing FG. That is: I want to create nice 3D models for my airport, submit them to the central database, and have them shipped back through Terrasync.
However, it appears that quite a lot of users are still not aware of those guidelines, and sometimes learn about their existence after having created their models.
So please, take some time to (re)read them, and inform the people around you who would like to contribute about the existence of those guidelines. This will save you extra time (and your models will be quickly inserted within the database) and this will also save the (precious) times of the poor guy(s) validating all the models at the other end.
So, here they are: http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/contribute.php .
We also remind you that, to add, edit or delete shared model positions (apart from mass import (that is if you have more than let's say 10 lines to add), you should use our webtools at http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/submission/ .

=== Object-masking and improved materials ===
For a long time, FlightGear has had the ability to place random objects on the scenery. Previously, these objects were placed completely randomly based on a specific density for the material, defined in materials.xml. This didn't look particularly realistic as the placement never matched the underlying texture. Now object and trees can be placed using a "mask", so buildings will only appear where the texture shows buildings, and trees only in green spaces. Additionally, placement is controlled so that random buildings won't overlap with other random buildings, and buildings don't overlap onto adjacent piece of scenery. This makes the random objects appear more realistic, and moves FG one step closer to the auto-gen scenery of MSFS and X-Plane. Further details can be found in fgdata/Docs/README.materials.

In addition to this, the materials.xml and materials-dds.xml files have been restructured to make them more maintainable, fixing a number of bugs in the process.

=== Shanghai Skylines: FG's New (not-so-)Hidden Gem ===
Shanghai is one of the biggest city in China and is among the cities with the most number of skyscrapers -this is now also true for FlightGear.
21 models were created over the past few months by JVC, who also modeled the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan and the United Nations building in New York.
{|
|[[File:SH fgfs-screen-001.png|250px|thumb|A view of the Shanghai skyline]]
|[[File:Shanghai003.png|250px|thumb|Another view of Shanghai]]
|[[File:Shanghai007.png|250px|thumb|A closer view from near the Shanghai Stock Exchange]]
|}

=== New textures for container ship and freighter AI models ===
[[File:Ships-comparison.png|200px|thumb|right|Comparison between untextured and textured AI ships (by Cristian Marchi)]]
Starting from a hi-res panorama that he made, user Cristian Marchi (aka penta) provided new skins for the two AI ships that populates seas in flightgear. More info on the [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=14856 forum thread].

=== Airports ===

== Aircraft of the month ==
== Airport of the month ==
[[File:LFRJ.png|800px]]

[[Landivisiau Naval Air Base|Base d'aéronautique navale de Landivisiau]] (LFRJ) is set in the middle of some amazing scenery. Anyone that wants to try [[VFR]] flight should start here in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretagne Bretagne], France. Memorise the scenery, the churches, the power lines, map them and find your way back easy. It's amazing here. The airfield is home to aircraft that belong on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Naval_Aviation seas] that is why you will see two arresting cables over the runway, don't trip over them. The airfield also holds a EH101 Merlin helicopter (or is it a Westland Lynx?), a perfect modelled tower, the warehouses and all the shelters to protect the Rafale and the SEM attack aircraft.

== Screenshot of the month ==

[[File: Lightfield-1.1-14.jpg | 800px]]

A P-51D flying at 20.000 ft over Juneau (Alaska) at dawn using lightfield shaders to render the sunrise (see [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=14755 here] for the shader package for download).

== Suggested flights ==
===Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca===
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the [[Suggested_Flights#Origin_of_the_Amazon_River | origin of the Amazon river]] since we are now at the starting point of that trip.

*More places you can visit can be found at [[Suggested Flights]].

== Aircraft reviews ==

== Wiki updates ==
=== Categorizing images ===
[[User:Johan G|Johan G]] did a great job starting to categorise all images. The sub-categories are listed under [[:Category:Images]].

Please keep the following things in mind when uploading images:
* Give the file a descriptive name. That'll make it easier for others to find your file and use it in articles.
* Categorize your image right when you upload it. That saves others from digging up uncatigorized images later on. Placing your image in a category is as simple as adding the following line to the "description" field:
: <code><nowiki>[[Category:Name of the category]]</nowiki></code>
: A list of available categories can be found under [[:Category:Images]].

=== Documentating templates ===
[[User:Gijs|Gijs]] documentated most [[:Category:Templates|templates]], making use of a global [[Template:Informative template|documentation template]]. The documentation tells you what the template does and how to use it.

=== Feature icons ===
Michat has designed small logos for Aircraft of the Month, [[Dual Control]], [[Bombable]], [[Soaring]], [[Howto:_Do_aerotow_over_the_net|Aerotow]] and [[:Category:Aerospace|Aerospace]] aircraft, allowing you to see at a glance which aircraft has some of those interesting features.

[[File:Dualcontrolready2.png|Dual_control]] [[File:BombableReady.png|Bombable]] [[File:Aerotowready.png|Doing aerotow over the net]] [[File:Thermalready.png|Soaring]] [[File:Spacetripready.png|Aerospace]]
[[File:Aircraftofthemonth.png|IAR80]].

===New articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
</DynamicArticleList>
===New aircraft articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
categoryRoot=Aircraft
</DynamicArticleList>
===Most popular newsletters===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=hot
count=5
categoryRoot=FlightGear Newsletter
</DynamicArticleList>

== Community news ==
=== FlightGear on FSBreak ===
Two of FlightGear's developers, Stuart and Curt were interviewed on one of this month's episodes of [http://www.fsbreak.net FSBreak], recorded on 25th February. FSBreak is a flight simulator podcast that discusses recent flight sim developments and reviews. The hosts, Eric and Brendan, spent almost an hour taking about the project with Curt and Stuart. While most of the content won't be new to readers of this newsletter, it was a great way to promote FlightGear 2.6.0 to the wider flight simulation community.

=== FlightGear on YouTube ===
* [http://youtu.be/hBEaOMzBq6E KSFO Thermal Demo] by MD-BFC Going on their way for Bocian certification
* [http://youtu.be/-yI5PzC5RE8 Sukhoi 37 'The russian dream'] by Águilas de FlightGear performing "Balalaika amok" master tune by Aleksei Arkhipovsky.

=== New tutorials and screencasts ===
=== Forum news ===
Triggered by the new release, we've had more [http://flightgear.org/forums forum] visitors then ever before in the week of 19-25 February! 17,123 people visited the forum in these seven days to be precise. When looking at "unique visitors", only 13-19 February 2011 was a bussier week (9548 against 9076 visitors) (a possible reason for the high number might be that people expected 2.2.0 to be released, which was canceled).

=== Multiplayer ===
=== Virtual airlines ===
=== FlightGear events ===

== Useful links ==
== And finally ... ==
=== Contributing ===
One of the regular thoughts expressed on the FlightGear forums is "I'd like to contribute but I don't know how to program, and I don't have the time". Unfortunately, there is a common mis-conception that contributing requires programming and lots of free time. In fact, there are a huge range of ways to contribute to the project without needing to write code or spending days working on something.

For ideas on starting to contribute to FlightGear, you may want to check out: [[Volunteer]].

=== Call for volunteers ===
* The [[OpenRadar]] project is looking for a new maintainer.
* The [[FGFSPM]] (FlightGear Package Manager) is looking for a new maintainer.

=== Did you know ===
...that you can use expressions to create complex animations of objects in your 3d models or even drive them from multiple properties?
Usually, an animation looks like this
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<animation>
<type>translate</type>
<property>foo/bar</property>
[..]more elements[..]
</animation>
</syntaxhighlight>
You can add a scaling factor or an offset to it, but that's basically all you can do that way.
If you want to animate your object following a complex function, most people create complex Nasal scripts to compute the driving properties, probably not knowing that there is another way to achieve the goal: Expressions.
Here is an example for a translate animation depending on two properties and the cosine function
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<animation>
<type>translate</type>
<expression>
<product>
<property>/my/factor-property</property>
<cos>
<deg2rad>
<property>/my/angular-property</property>
</deg2rad>
</cos>
</product>
</expression>
[..]more elements[..]
</animation>
</syntaxhighlight>
A rich set of predefined functions is available, including almost all those you have on your scientific pocket calculator.

[[Category:FlightGear Newsletter|2012 02]]

FlightGear Newsletter February 2012

2012-02-27T20:18:34Z

PH-JBO: /* Airport of the month */

{{draft|newsletter|Feel free to contribute! Or [[FlightGear Newsletter January 2012|read the latest edition]].}}
{{newsletter}}
{{TOC_right|limit=2}}

''We would like to emphasize that the monthly newsletter can not live without the contributions of FlightGear users and developers. Everyone with a wiki account (free to register) can edit the newsletter and every contribution is welcome. So if you know about any FlightGear related news or projects such as for example updated scenery or aircraft, please do feel invited to add such news to the newsletter.''

== FlightGear 2.6.0 released ==
Following our [[release plan]], version 2.6.0 of our simulator has been released. Please check the [[changelog 2.6.0]] for what has changed since our last release 6 months ago.

== Development news ==

=== Heads up: Project Rembrandt ===
As many of you may have heard already, Fred is currently making huge progress on adding shadows to FlightGear in [[Project Rembrandt]]. Now, F-JJTH ported the P92 to use the new system and posted a youtube video demonstrating [[Project Rembrandt]] at work. To provide feedback, please check out the the [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=14883 forum thread].

{|
|{{#ev:youtube|v02phoOqWHE|400|Project Rembrandt at work}}
|[[File:Project-rembrandt-cockpit-lighting.png|600px|Cockpit lighting in Project Rembrandt at work (by F-JJTH)]]
|}

== Interview with a contributor (Christian Schmitt) ==
''In each edition we have an interview with a contributor. Suggestions for possible questions are available on [[interview questions]], you are invited to come up with new questions and interview ideas obviously! Anyone is free to write an interview (with him-/herself or others) for next month's newsletter! If you'd like to help interview a contributor or get interviewed, please do consider adding yourself to the [[list of interview volunteers]]! To keep this going and less awkward, we are currently trying to come up with the convention that former interviewees become next month's interviewers.''

* How long have you been involved in FlightGear?
Acording to my mail correspondence it must have been in 2007/2008 when I became an active part. I was unsatisfied with the state of EDDF in the FG scenery (no buildings, lightpoles everywhere), so I teamed up with a guy who had already started some work there. I ended up creating all of the terminal buildings and improving the airport layout. In those days, noone was flying there. This changed in the months afterwards, which was a big boost of motivation, too.
* What are your major interests in FlightGear?
My main interest is clearly the scenery and technology connected with it, like GIS. I started to create some custom scenery, like Helgoland, and after I was granted direct access to the mapserver database, I was able to proxy-commit other peoples work, which followed. IMHO, the best FDM or aircraft models are useless if you don't have a nice place to fly, takeoff and land :) So this area is what motivates me the most.
* What project are you working on right now?

* What do you plan on doing in the future?
* Are you happy with the way the FlightGear project is going?
* What do you enjoy most about developing for FlightGear?
* Are there any "hidden features" you have worked on in FlightGear that new users may miss?
* What advice can you give to new developers who want to get started on their first aircraft/new feature/Nasal script?

More questions are being collected here: [[Interview questions]].

Stay tuned for next month's interview, featuring FlightGear contributor XXXXXXXX

== Snapshot releases ==
Every now and then, easy-to-install development snapshots are created (usually, twice montlhy). These snapshos depict a recent state of the development version of FlightGear. By using them users can test out features that will be included in the upcoming release. Testers are encouraged to file bugs at [http://code.google.com/p/flightgear-bugs/ the issue tracker].

The snapshot can be download via the links at the bottom of this page: http://www.flightgear.org/download/. Updates and feedback can be found [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=10488&p=144233&hilit=snapshot#p144233 at the forum].

== Nasal for newbies ==

== New software tools and projects ==

== FlightGear addons and mods ==

== In the hangar ==
All the way back in May 2011, we addopted a new status-rating system for aircraft. So far, only a few have actually been rated, as can be seen in the list 'hockenberry' set up at [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApzphjA4w05ndF94Y2F0bzJTbHQ5QTJXZXJRcUVRbWc&hl=en_US Google Docs]. If you're an aircraft developer and your aircraft is/are not on the list, please consider rating their status. All you'll need to know/do is described at [[Formalizing Aircraft Status]]. If you'd just like to get started contributing to FlightGear, this would also seem like an excellent way to get started.

=== A new instrument: Vertical Situation Display ===
[[File:Omega95-vsd-instrument.jpeg|200px|thumb|Omega95's VSD instrument]]
Omega95 has created an entirely new instrument type for FlightGear, a so called Vertical Situation Display (VSD).

This was done entirely in scripting space using Nasal and XML animations. He's basically proven everbody wrong who ever claimed that complex instruments couldn't yet be created in scripting space. Apparently, he managed to create this instrument in less than 24 hrs. His first question related to this was about accessing trigonometric functions from Nasal, shortly thereafter he posted screen shots depicting his VSD.

To read up on the whole discussion, please see [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=15200 the forum topic]. There's work ongoing to turn his project into a new tutorial for the wiki on creating complex instruments in scripting space: [[Howto: Implement a Vertical Situation Display in Nasal]].

=== Glider winch launching ropes ===
[[File:DG-101G_winch_launch_with_rope.png|thumb|200px|A DG-101G during a winch launch.]]
Before now, FlightGear never showed ropes during winch launching. However, now, you will no longer have to fly gliders while being pulled by some invisible connection between you and the winch.

[[User:Gijs|Gijs]] started working on an animated 3D rope, attached to the glider and winch. The cable exist of the following parts:

* '''Strop''' (3 m) attached to the glider with a ring.
* '''Weak link assembly''' designed to break apart before the cable or any other equipment fails.
* '''Trace''' (17 m)
* '''Parachute''' so the cable doesn't drop too quickly after releasing.
* '''Launch cable''' the longest part; all the way to the winch.

=== New aircraft ===
==== Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.1 ====
[[File:Harrier-GR1 Splash.png|thumb|200px|Harrier GR.1 splash screen]]
[[Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR1]] is a private project by pjedvaj, it was not intended to replace or update the existing [[British Aerospace Harrier]]. It has a detailed 3D model complete with a cockpit, animations and RAF livery. Instruments and HUD are also fairly authentic. The aircraft has working ADEN guns and basic fuel and weight control. The FDM is adapted from the original BAe Harrier, but internal and external fuel tank capacities are modified to match the GR.1 version.

==== Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Commanche ====
[[File:RAH-66 splash.png|thumb|200px|RAH-66 splash screen]]
[[Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Commanche]] was started as a [[Bounty/RAH-66 Comanche|bounty]] by sgofferj and developed by pjedvaj but I later withdraw from the bounty. This was my first helicopter project and FDM development is curently in stub (RAH-66 is using adapted FDM from Tatsuhiro Nishioka's [[Kawasaki OH-1]]). It has a detailed 3D model, animations and two liveries used to present different variants of RAH-66. Helicopter has a working XM301 cannon controled by joystick and basic weight control for armament in internal bays. AFCS includes SAS, CAS and Auto Hover. You're free to continue the development to fully claim the bounty.

=== Updated aircraft ===
==== Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner ====
[[File:boeing-787-8-splash.png|thumb|200px|The Boeing 787-8 Splash Screen]]
The Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner has already been there in FlightGear for a very long time -it has been in the FG official hangar since version 1.0.
However, it was created while the 787 was still a prototype aircraft; it did not correctly show many of the 787's actual features like a realistic glass cockpit and accurate instruments.

The new/updated Boeing 787-8 is a community project that features new JSBSim flight dynamics, Vertical Navigation, a realistic 787 glass cockpit, new CDUs, Electronic Flight Bags, TCAS, advanced Nav Displays, [[Howto:_Implement_a_Vertical_Situation_Display_in_Nasal|Vertical Situation Display]], [[Howto:_Implement_a_Fly-By-Wire_System_for_Airliners|Fly-by-wire]] and a lot of other neat features. It has not exactly been completed and the project is still running.

You can find out more about the Boeing 787-8 Project HERE or wait for a while till a wiki page is created for it. One of the really good points of this project is how most of our findings and resources have been converted into Wiki HowTos for other aircraft developers to use for their projects.

==== Cessna 337G Skymaster ====
[[File:Cessna337-cockpit.png|thumb|200px|General view of the new Cessna 337G Skymaster cockpit]]
The [[Cessna 337G Skymaster]] from the Spain-Latinamerica "Vive FlightGear" factory have received a major update.

The new cockpit is now totally modelled, almost buttons and knobs are functional, animated, and properly labeled for easy identification.

New custom sounds, lights, controls, a Bendix/King avionics pack capable of full IFR and night navigation, 2 new HQ liveries and the first FlightGear's working [[ELT]] (Emergency Locator Transmitter) are part of this great improvement on a FlightGear aircraft.

=== Liveries ===

== Scenery corner ==
=== 3D-Model contributors: please read ===
A (long) time ago, specific instructions were given on how to contribute with 3D-models designing withing FG. That is: I want to create nice 3D models for my airport, submit them to the central database, and have them shipped back through Terrasync.
However, it appears that quite a lot of users are still not aware of those guidelines, and sometimes learn about their existence after having created their models.
So please, take some time to (re)read them, and inform the people around you who would like to contribute about the existence of those guidelines. This will save you extra time (and your models will be quickly inserted within the database) and this will also save the (precious) times of the poor guy(s) validating all the models at the other end.
So, here they are: http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/contribute.php .
We also remind you that, to add, edit or delete shared model positions (apart from mass import (that is if you have more than let's say 10 lines to add), you should use our webtools at http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/submission/ .

=== Object-masking and improved materials ===
For a long time, FlightGear has had the ability to place random objects on the scenery. Previously, these objects were placed completely randomly based on a specific density for the material, defined in materials.xml. This didn't look particularly realistic as the placement never matched the underlying texture. Now object and trees can be placed using a "mask", so buildings will only appear where the texture shows buildings, and trees only in green spaces. Additionally, placement is controlled so that random buildings won't overlap with other random buildings, and buildings don't overlap onto adjacent piece of scenery. This makes the random objects appear more realistic, and moves FG one step closer to the auto-gen scenery of MSFS and X-Plane. Further details can be found in fgdata/Docs/README.materials.

In addition to this, the materials.xml and materials-dds.xml files have been restructured to make them more maintainable, fixing a number of bugs in the process.

=== Shanghai Skylines: FG's New (not-so-)Hidden Gem ===
Shanghai is one of the biggest city in China and is among the cities with the most number of skyscrapers -this is now also true for FlightGear.
21 models were created over the past few months by JVC, who also modeled the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan and the United Nations building in New York.
{|
|[[File:SH fgfs-screen-001.png|250px|thumb|A view of the Shanghai skyline]]
|[[File:Shanghai003.png|250px|thumb|Another view of Shanghai]]
|[[File:Shanghai007.png|250px|thumb|A closer view from near the Shanghai Stock Exchange]]
|}

=== New textures for container ship and freighter AI models ===
[[File:Ships-comparison.png|200px|thumb|right|Comparison between untextured and textured AI ships (by Cristian Marchi)]]
Starting from a hi-res panorama that he made, user Cristian Marchi (aka penta) provided new skins for the two AI ships that populates seas in flightgear. More info on the [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=14856 forum thread].

=== Airports ===

== Aircraft of the month ==
== Airport of the month ==
[[File:LFRJ.png|800px]]

[[Landivisiau Naval Air Base|Base d'aéronautique navale de Landivisiau]] is set in the middle of some amazing scenery. Anyone that wants to try [[VFR]] flight should start here. Memorise the scenery, the churches, the power lines, map them and find your way back easy. It's amazing here. The airfield is home to aircraft that belong on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Naval_Aviation seas] that is why you will see two arresting cables over the runway, don't trip over them. The airfield also holds a EH101 Merlin helicopter (or is it a Westland Lynx?), a perfect modelled tower, the warehouses and all the shelters to protect the Rafale and the SEM attack aircraft.

== Screenshot of the month ==

[[File: Lightfield-1.1-14.jpg | 800px]]

A P-51D flying at 20.000 ft over Juneau (Alaska) at dawn using lightfield shaders to render the sunrise (see [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=14755 here] for the shader package for download).

== Suggested flights ==
===Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca===
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the [[Suggested_Flights#Origin_of_the_Amazon_River | origin of the Amazon river]] since we are now at the starting point of that trip.

*More places you can visit can be found at [[Suggested Flights]].

== Aircraft reviews ==

== Wiki updates ==
=== Categorizing images ===
[[User:Johan G|Johan G]] did a great job starting to categorise all images. The sub-categories are listed under [[:Category:Images]].

Please keep the following things in mind when uploading images:
* Give the file a descriptive name. That'll make it easier for others to find your file and use it in articles.
* Categorize your image right when you upload it. That saves others from digging up uncatigorized images later on. Placing your image in a category is as simple as adding the following line to the "description" field:
: <code><nowiki>[[Category:Name of the category]]</nowiki></code>
: A list of available categories can be found under [[:Category:Images]].

=== Documentating templates ===
[[User:Gijs|Gijs]] documentated most [[:Category:Templates|templates]], making use of a global [[Template:Informative template|documentation template]]. The documentation tells you what the template does and how to use it.

=== Feature icons ===
Michat has designed small logos for Aircraft of the Month, [[Dual Control]], [[Bombable]], [[Soaring]], [[Howto:_Do_aerotow_over_the_net|Aerotow]] and [[:Category:Aerospace|Aerospace]] aircraft, allowing you to see at a glance which aircraft has some of those interesting features.

[[File:Dualcontrolready2.png|Dual_control]] [[File:BombableReady.png|Bombable]] [[File:Aerotowready.png|Doing aerotow over the net]] [[File:Thermalready.png|Soaring]] [[File:Spacetripready.png|Aerospace]]
[[File:Aircraftofthemonth.png|IAR80]].

===New articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
</DynamicArticleList>
===New aircraft articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
categoryRoot=Aircraft
</DynamicArticleList>
===Most popular newsletters===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=hot
count=5
categoryRoot=FlightGear Newsletter
</DynamicArticleList>

== Community news ==
=== FlightGear on FSBreak ===
Two of FlightGear's developers, Stuart and Curt were interviewed on one of this month's episodes of [http://www.fsbreak.net FSBreak], recorded on 25th February. FSBreak is a flight simulator podcast that discusses recent flight sim developments and reviews. The hosts, Eric and Brendan, spent almost an hour taking about the project with Curt and Stuart. While most of the content won't be new to readers of this newsletter, it was a great way to promote FlightGear 2.6.0 to the wider flight simulation community.

=== FlightGear on YouTube ===
* [http://youtu.be/hBEaOMzBq6E KSFO Thermal Demo] by MD-BFC Going on their way for Bocian certification
* [http://youtu.be/-yI5PzC5RE8 Sukhoi 37 'The russian dream'] by Águilas de FlightGear performing "Balalaika amok" master tune by Aleksei Arkhipovsky.

=== New tutorials and screencasts ===
=== Forum news ===
Triggered by the new release, we've had more [http://flightgear.org/forums forum] visitors then ever before in the week of 19-25 February! 17,123 people visited the forum in these seven days to be precise. When looking at "unique visitors", only 13-19 February 2011 was a bussier week (9548 against 9076 visitors) (a possible reason for the high number might be that people expected 2.2.0 to be released, which was canceled).

=== Multiplayer ===
=== Virtual airlines ===
=== FlightGear events ===

== Useful links ==
== And finally ... ==
=== Contributing ===
One of the regular thoughts expressed on the FlightGear forums is "I'd like to contribute but I don't know how to program, and I don't have the time". Unfortunately, there is a common mis-conception that contributing requires programming and lots of free time. In fact, there are a huge range of ways to contribute to the project without needing to write code or spending days working on something.

For ideas on starting to contribute to FlightGear, you may want to check out: [[Volunteer]].

=== Call for volunteers ===
* The [[OpenRadar]] project is looking for a new maintainer.
* The [[FGFSPM]] (FlightGear Package Manager) is looking for a new maintainer.

=== Did you know ===
...that you can use expressions to create complex animations of objects in your 3d models or even drive them from multiple properties?
Usually, an animation looks like this
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<animation>
<type>translate</type>
<property>foo/bar</property>
[..]more elements[..]
</animation>
</syntaxhighlight>
You can add a scaling factor or an offset to it, but that's basically all you can do that way.
If you want to animate your object following a complex function, most people create complex Nasal scripts to compute the driving properties, probably not knowing that there is another way to achieve the goal: Expressions.
Here is an example for a translate animation depending on two properties and the cosine function
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<animation>
<type>translate</type>
<expression>
<product>
<property>/my/factor-property</property>
<cos>
<deg2rad>
<property>/my/angular-property</property>
</deg2rad>
</cos>
</product>
</expression>
[..]more elements[..]
</animation>
</syntaxhighlight>
A rich set of predefined functions is available, including almost all those you have on your scientific pocket calculator.

[[Category:FlightGear Newsletter|2012 02]]

FlightGear Newsletter February 2012

2012-02-27T20:08:30Z

PH-JBO: /* Airport of the month */ LFRJ

{{draft|newsletter|Feel free to contribute! Or [[FlightGear Newsletter January 2012|read the latest edition]].}}
{{newsletter}}
{{TOC_right|limit=2}}

''We would like to emphasize that the monthly newsletter can not live without the contributions of FlightGear users and developers. Everyone with a wiki account (free to register) can edit the newsletter and every contribution is welcome. So if you know about any FlightGear related news or projects such as for example updated scenery or aircraft, please do feel invited to add such news to the newsletter.''

== FlightGear 2.6.0 released ==
Following our [[release plan]], version 2.6.0 of our simulator has been released. Please check the [[changelog 2.6.0]] for what has changed since our last release 6 months ago.

== Development news ==

=== Heads up: Project Rembrandt ===
As many of you may have heard already, Fred is currently making huge progress on adding shadows to FlightGear in [[Project Rembrandt]]. Now, F-JJTH ported the P92 to use the new system and posted a youtube video demonstrating [[Project Rembrandt]] at work. To provide feedback, please check out the the [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=14883 forum thread].

{|
|{{#ev:youtube|v02phoOqWHE|400|Project Rembrandt at work}}
|[[File:Project-rembrandt-cockpit-lighting.png|600px|Cockpit lighting in Project Rembrandt at work (by F-JJTH)]]
|}

== Interview with a contributor (Christian Schmitt) ==
''In each edition we have an interview with a contributor. Suggestions for possible questions are available on [[interview questions]], you are invited to come up with new questions and interview ideas obviously! Anyone is free to write an interview (with him-/herself or others) for next month's newsletter! If you'd like to help interview a contributor or get interviewed, please do consider adding yourself to the [[list of interview volunteers]]! To keep this going and less awkward, we are currently trying to come up with the convention that former interviewees become next month's interviewers.''

* How long have you been involved in FlightGear?
Acording to my mail correspondence it must have been in 2007/2008 when I became an active part. I was unsatisfied with the state of EDDF in the FG scenery (no buildings, lightpoles everywhere), so I teamed up with a guy who had already started some work there. I ended up creating all of the terminal buildings and improving the airport layout. In those days, noone was flying there. This changed in the months afterwards, which was a big boost of motivation, too.
* What are your major interests in FlightGear?
My main interest is clearly the scenery and technology connected with it, like GIS. I started to create some custom scenery, like Helgoland, and after I was granted direct access to the mapserver database, I was able to proxy-commit other peoples work, which followed. IMHO, the best FDM or aircraft models are useless if you don't have a nice place to fly, takeoff and land :) So this area is what motivates me the most.
* What project are you working on right now?

* What do you plan on doing in the future?
* Are you happy with the way the FlightGear project is going?
* What do you enjoy most about developing for FlightGear?
* Are there any "hidden features" you have worked on in FlightGear that new users may miss?
* What advice can you give to new developers who want to get started on their first aircraft/new feature/Nasal script?

More questions are being collected here: [[Interview questions]].

Stay tuned for next month's interview, featuring FlightGear contributor XXXXXXXX

== Snapshot releases ==
Every now and then, easy-to-install development snapshots are created (usually, twice montlhy). These snapshos depict a recent state of the development version of FlightGear. By using them users can test out features that will be included in the upcoming release. Testers are encouraged to file bugs at [http://code.google.com/p/flightgear-bugs/ the issue tracker].

The snapshot can be download via the links at the bottom of this page: http://www.flightgear.org/download/. Updates and feedback can be found [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=10488&p=144233&hilit=snapshot#p144233 at the forum].

== Nasal for newbies ==

== New software tools and projects ==

== FlightGear addons and mods ==

== In the hangar ==
All the way back in May 2011, we addopted a new status-rating system for aircraft. So far, only a few have actually been rated, as can be seen in the list 'hockenberry' set up at [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0ApzphjA4w05ndF94Y2F0bzJTbHQ5QTJXZXJRcUVRbWc&hl=en_US Google Docs]. If you're an aircraft developer and your aircraft is/are not on the list, please consider rating their status. All you'll need to know/do is described at [[Formalizing Aircraft Status]]. If you'd just like to get started contributing to FlightGear, this would also seem like an excellent way to get started.

=== A new instrument: Vertical Situation Display ===
[[File:Omega95-vsd-instrument.jpeg|200px|thumb|Omega95's VSD instrument]]
Omega95 has created an entirely new instrument type for FlightGear, a so called Vertical Situation Display (VSD).

This was done entirely in scripting space using Nasal and XML animations. He's basically proven everbody wrong who ever claimed that complex instruments couldn't yet be created in scripting space. Apparently, he managed to create this instrument in less than 24 hrs. His first question related to this was about accessing trigonometric functions from Nasal, shortly thereafter he posted screen shots depicting his VSD.

To read up on the whole discussion, please see [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=15200 the forum topic]. There's work ongoing to turn his project into a new tutorial for the wiki on creating complex instruments in scripting space: [[Howto: Implement a Vertical Situation Display in Nasal]].

=== Glider winch launching ropes ===
[[File:DG-101G_winch_launch_with_rope.png|thumb|200px|A DG-101G during a winch launch.]]
Before now, FlightGear never showed ropes during winch launching. However, now, you will no longer have to fly gliders while being pulled by some invisible connection between you and the winch.

[[User:Gijs|Gijs]] started working on an animated 3D rope, attached to the glider and winch. The cable exist of the following parts:

* '''Strop''' (3 m) attached to the glider with a ring.
* '''Weak link assembly''' designed to break apart before the cable or any other equipment fails.
* '''Trace''' (17 m)
* '''Parachute''' so the cable doesn't drop too quickly after releasing.
* '''Launch cable''' the longest part; all the way to the winch.

=== New aircraft ===
==== Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.1 ====
[[File:Harrier-GR1 Splash.png|thumb|200px|Harrier GR.1 splash screen]]
[[Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR1]] is a private project by pjedvaj, it was not intended to replace or update the existing [[British Aerospace Harrier]]. It has a detailed 3D model complete with a cockpit, animations and RAF livery. Instruments and HUD are also fairly authentic. The aircraft has working ADEN guns and basic fuel and weight control. The FDM is adapted from the original BAe Harrier, but internal and external fuel tank capacities are modified to match the GR.1 version.

==== Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Commanche ====
[[File:RAH-66 splash.png|thumb|200px|RAH-66 splash screen]]
[[Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Commanche]] was started as a [[Bounty/RAH-66 Comanche|bounty]] by sgofferj and developed by pjedvaj but I later withdraw from the bounty. This was my first helicopter project and FDM development is curently in stub (RAH-66 is using adapted FDM from Tatsuhiro Nishioka's [[Kawasaki OH-1]]). It has a detailed 3D model, animations and two liveries used to present different variants of RAH-66. Helicopter has a working XM301 cannon controled by joystick and basic weight control for armament in internal bays. AFCS includes SAS, CAS and Auto Hover. You're free to continue the development to fully claim the bounty.

=== Updated aircraft ===
==== Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner ====
[[File:boeing-787-8-splash.png|thumb|200px|The Boeing 787-8 Splash Screen]]
The Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner has already been there in FlightGear for a very long time -it has been in the FG official hangar since version 1.0.
However, it was created while the 787 was still a prototype aircraft; it did not correctly show many of the 787's actual features like a realistic glass cockpit and accurate instruments.

The new/updated Boeing 787-8 is a community project that features new JSBSim flight dynamics, Vertical Navigation, a realistic 787 glass cockpit, new CDUs, Electronic Flight Bags, TCAS, advanced Nav Displays, [[Howto:_Implement_a_Vertical_Situation_Display_in_Nasal|Vertical Situation Display]], [[Howto:_Implement_a_Fly-By-Wire_System_for_Airliners|Fly-by-wire]] and a lot of other neat features. It has not exactly been completed and the project is still running.

You can find out more about the Boeing 787-8 Project HERE or wait for a while till a wiki page is created for it. One of the really good points of this project is how most of our findings and resources have been converted into Wiki HowTos for other aircraft developers to use for their projects.

==== Cessna 337G Skymaster ====
[[File:Cessna337-cockpit.png|thumb|200px|General view of the new Cessna 337G Skymaster cockpit]]
The [[Cessna 337G Skymaster]] from the Spain-Latinamerica "Vive FlightGear" factory have received a major update.

The new cockpit is now totally modelled, almost buttons and knobs are functional, animated, and properly labeled for easy identification.

New custom sounds, lights, controls, a Bendix/King avionics pack capable of full IFR and night navigation, 2 new HQ liveries and the first FlightGear's working [[ELT]] (Emergency Locator Transmitter) are part of this great improvement on a FlightGear aircraft.

=== Liveries ===

== Scenery corner ==
=== 3D-Model contributors: please read ===
A (long) time ago, specific instructions were given on how to contribute with 3D-models designing withing FG. That is: I want to create nice 3D models for my airport, submit them to the central database, and have them shipped back through Terrasync.
However, it appears that quite a lot of users are still not aware of those guidelines, and sometimes learn about their existence after having created their models.
So please, take some time to (re)read them, and inform the people around you who would like to contribute about the existence of those guidelines. This will save you extra time (and your models will be quickly inserted within the database) and this will also save the (precious) times of the poor guy(s) validating all the models at the other end.
So, here they are: http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/contribute.php .
We also remind you that, to add, edit or delete shared model positions (apart from mass import (that is if you have more than let's say 10 lines to add), you should use our webtools at http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/submission/ .

=== Object-masking and improved materials ===
For a long time, FlightGear has had the ability to place random objects on the scenery. Previously, these objects were placed completely randomly based on a specific density for the material, defined in materials.xml. This didn't look particularly realistic as the placement never matched the underlying texture. Now object and trees can be placed using a "mask", so buildings will only appear where the texture shows buildings, and trees only in green spaces. Additionally, placement is controlled so that random buildings won't overlap with other random buildings, and buildings don't overlap onto adjacent piece of scenery. This makes the random objects appear more realistic, and moves FG one step closer to the auto-gen scenery of MSFS and X-Plane. Further details can be found in fgdata/Docs/README.materials.

In addition to this, the materials.xml and materials-dds.xml files have been restructured to make them more maintainable, fixing a number of bugs in the process.

=== Shanghai Skylines: FG's New (not-so-)Hidden Gem ===
Shanghai is one of the biggest city in China and is among the cities with the most number of skyscrapers -this is now also true for FlightGear.
21 models were created over the past few months by JVC, who also modeled the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan and the United Nations building in New York.
{|
|[[File:SH fgfs-screen-001.png|250px|thumb|A view of the Shanghai skyline]]
|[[File:Shanghai003.png|250px|thumb|Another view of Shanghai]]
|[[File:Shanghai007.png|250px|thumb|A closer view from near the Shanghai Stock Exchange]]
|}

=== New textures for container ship and freighter AI models ===
[[File:Ships-comparison.png|200px|thumb|right|Comparison between untextured and textured AI ships (by Cristian Marchi)]]
Starting from a hi-res panorama that he made, user Cristian Marchi (aka penta) provided new skins for the two AI ships that populates seas in flightgear. More info on the [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=14856 forum thread].

=== Airports ===

== Aircraft of the month ==
== Airport of the month ==
[[File:LFRJ.png|800px]]

[[Landivisiau Naval Air Base|Base d'aéronautique navale de Landivisiau]] is set in the middle of some amazing scenery. Anyone that wants to try [[VFR]] flight should start here. Memorise the scenery, the churches, the power lines, map them and find your way back easy. It's amazing here. The airfield is home to aircraft that belong on the seas that is why you will see some cables over the runway. Don't trip over them. On the image you can see the EH101 Merlin helicopter.

== Screenshot of the month ==

[[File: Lightfield-1.1-14.jpg | 800px]]

A P-51D flying at 20.000 ft over Juneau (Alaska) at dawn using lightfield shaders to render the sunrise (see [http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=14755 here] for the shader package for download).

== Suggested flights ==
===Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca===
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the [[Suggested_Flights#Origin_of_the_Amazon_River | origin of the Amazon river]] since we are now at the starting point of that trip.

*More places you can visit can be found at [[Suggested Flights]].

== Aircraft reviews ==

== Wiki updates ==
=== Categorizing images ===
[[User:Johan G|Johan G]] did a great job starting to categorise all images. The sub-categories are listed under [[:Category:Images]].

Please keep the following things in mind when uploading images:
* Give the file a descriptive name. That'll make it easier for others to find your file and use it in articles.
* Categorize your image right when you upload it. That saves others from digging up uncatigorized images later on. Placing your image in a category is as simple as adding the following line to the "description" field:
: <code><nowiki>[[Category:Name of the category]]</nowiki></code>
: A list of available categories can be found under [[:Category:Images]].

=== Documentating templates ===
[[User:Gijs|Gijs]] documentated most [[:Category:Templates|templates]], making use of a global [[Template:Informative template|documentation template]]. The documentation tells you what the template does and how to use it.

=== Feature icons ===
Michat has designed small logos for Aircraft of the Month, [[Dual Control]], [[Bombable]], [[Soaring]], [[Howto:_Do_aerotow_over_the_net|Aerotow]] and [[:Category:Aerospace|Aerospace]] aircraft, allowing you to see at a glance which aircraft has some of those interesting features.

[[File:Dualcontrolready2.png|Dual_control]] [[File:BombableReady.png|Bombable]] [[File:Aerotowready.png|Doing aerotow over the net]] [[File:Thermalready.png|Soaring]] [[File:Spacetripready.png|Aerospace]]
[[File:Aircraftofthemonth.png|IAR80]].

===New articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
</DynamicArticleList>
===New aircraft articles===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=new
count=10
categoryRoot=Aircraft
</DynamicArticleList>
===Most popular newsletters===
<DynamicArticleList>
type=hot
count=5
categoryRoot=FlightGear Newsletter
</DynamicArticleList>

== Community news ==
=== FlightGear on FSBreak ===
Two of FlightGear's developers, Stuart and Curt were interviewed on one of this month's episodes of [http://www.fsbreak.net FSBreak], recorded on 25th February. FSBreak is a flight simulator podcast that discusses recent flight sim developments and reviews. The hosts, Eric and Brendan, spent almost an hour taking about the project with Curt and Stuart. While most of the content won't be new to readers of this newsletter, it was a great way to promote FlightGear 2.6.0 to the wider flight simulation community.

=== FlightGear on YouTube ===
* [http://youtu.be/hBEaOMzBq6E KSFO Thermal Demo] by MD-BFC Going on their way for Bocian certification
* [http://youtu.be/-yI5PzC5RE8 Sukhoi 37 'The russian dream'] by Águilas de FlightGear performing "Balalaika amok" master tune by Aleksei Arkhipovsky.

=== New tutorials and screencasts ===
=== Forum news ===
Triggered by the new release, we've had more [http://flightgear.org/forums forum] visitors then ever before in the week of 19-25 February! 17,123 people visited the forum in these seven days to be precise. When looking at "unique visitors", only 13-19 February 2011 was a bussier week (9548 against 9076 visitors) (a possible reason for the high number might be that people expected 2.2.0 to be released, which was canceled).

=== Multiplayer ===
=== Virtual airlines ===
=== FlightGear events ===

== Useful links ==
== And finally ... ==
=== Contributing ===
One of the regular thoughts expressed on the FlightGear forums is "I'd like to contribute but I don't know how to program, and I don't have the time". Unfortunately, there is a common mis-conception that contributing requires programming and lots of free time. In fact, there are a huge range of ways to contribute to the project without needing to write code or spending days working on something.

For ideas on starting to contribute to FlightGear, you may want to check out: [[Volunteer]].

=== Call for volunteers ===
* The [[OpenRadar]] project is looking for a new maintainer.
* The [[FGFSPM]] (FlightGear Package Manager) is looking for a new maintainer.

=== Did you know ===
...that you can use expressions to create complex animations of objects in your 3d models or even drive them from multiple properties?
Usually, an animation looks like this
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<animation>
<type>translate</type>
<property>foo/bar</property>
[..]more elements[..]
</animation>
</syntaxhighlight>
You can add a scaling factor or an offset to it, but that's basically all you can do that way.
If you want to animate your object following a complex function, most people create complex Nasal scripts to compute the driving properties, probably not knowing that there is another way to achieve the goal: Expressions.
Here is an example for a translate animation depending on two properties and the cosine function
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<animation>
<type>translate</type>
<expression>
<product>
<property>/my/factor-property</property>
<cos>
<deg2rad>
<property>/my/angular-property</property>
</deg2rad>
</cos>
</product>
</expression>
[..]more elements[..]
</animation>
</syntaxhighlight>
A rich set of predefined functions is available, including almost all those you have on your scientific pocket calculator.

[[Category:FlightGear Newsletter|2012 02]]

File:LFRJ.png

2012-02-27T19:56:57Z

PH-JBO:

Learjet 35-A

2012-02-23T20:06:02Z

PH-JBO: /* Engines */

{{infobox Aircraft
|name = Learjet 35A
|image = Learjet 35-A Wavevom.jpg
|alt =
|type = Business Jet
|livery = Wavevom (based on NASA)
|authors = Xsaint,PH-JBO
|version = 20120130p
|fdm = YASim
|fgname = Learjet2
|download = http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip
|development =
|status-fdm = 4
|status-systems = 3
|status-cockpit = 4
|status-model = 3
}}

{{Cquote|'''Nothing else can take you there faster, on less fuel. Absolutely nothing.'''

It's a incontrovertible fact. ''The Learjet 35A covers more miles in less time on less fuel than any other business jet.''

Period.

In fact, even ''slower'' jets consume more fuel than the Learjet 35A. The [[Cessna 550 Citation II|Cessna Citation S/II]], for example, takes about 15 minutes longer than the Learjet to complete a typical 500-n.m. mission at high-speed cruise--and gulps down 100 ponds more fuel in the process.

No other aircraft offers a better blend of speed, efficiency, and versatility than the Learjet 35A.

Ask the U.S. Airforce. Before selecting a manufacturer for their C-21 utility jet, they conducted a four-month comparison of contenders. When it was over, the choice was clear. The USAF ordered 80 Learjets.|Flight International (advertising of Gates Learjet)<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%202071.html Flight International, 22 June 1985, page 33, advertising of Gates Learjet]</ref>}}
The '''Learjet 35-A''' is not included with the [[FlightGear]] base package nor is it available from the [http://www.flightgear.org/download/aircraft-v2-4/ Central FlightGear Hangar].

This aircraft, in FlightGear, is a creation of xsaint. Copyright info (from learjet-set.xml): '''''Learjet 35A Feb 2009 Xsaint , based on Syd's Bravo FDM()'''''. Its tweaked by PH-JBO 2011-12-22. Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

History and technical details of the Learjet 35 can be found on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35 Wikipedia] with links towards the Learjet and Bombardier history.
[[File:Learjet35banner.png|150px|frame|right|bottom]]

==Installation==
# Download the aircraft from here:  [http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip Download LJ35A]
# Place the Lear2 directory and files in your Aircraft directory.
*If you have previously installed the Learjet please remove it from the Aircraft directory. FlightGear will otherwise get confused.
*The pre-previous version required a custom Instruments-3d, if you still have that on your hard drive, pls remove it.

==Impressions==
'''Positive'''
*This Learjet is at this moment (2011-08-25) the only business jet in FlightGear with a predictable autopilot (as far as I know).
*Despite the oddities, this aircraft is perfect to practice [[IFR]] flight, [[radio navigation]] and [[ILS]] approaches.
*It has the mild character of an airliner, combined with the umph of a fighter jet. So it's perfect as a trainer for both types of aircraft.
*There are not a gazillion buttons to press, perfect for lazy pilots that want mileage.
*It is a beast to fly. It is possible to take off from a postagestamp, pull up like a rocket and land on a dime.
This aircraft needs more pilots! (and positive reviews)

'''Negative'''
*The interior is not of a Learjet, the instruments were designed for the [[Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The looks and animations of the aircraft is not sleek and finished.

=== Oddities ===
For this aircraft but perhaps also for other aircraft with this setup. Some oddities are probably on-purpose.

*The [[ADF]] frequency in the cockpit is not in sync with the Radio window.
*[[NDB]] beacons can be entered as NAV1 or NAV2. That's a big positive! They will give distance but no radial for the autopilot.
*If changing course (radial) in the Radio Window be sure to press '''apply''' to feed the Primus. For the other values the apply key isn't needed.
*If FMS is used once, the Primus will get confused and ILS beacons will not show the glidescope.
*In the Autopilot Pitch (VNAV) and V/S do not work as expected.
*If the Autopilot is turned on it will also turn on a vertical control, Pitch, V/S or Altitude depending on what is pre-selected. Standard is Pitch.
*I have not discovered any effect from the Roll Knob.
*NAV2 can only be used for reference. It can not be used for radial navigation.
*The compass is b0rken. It has a strange deviation and can not be set with Instrument settings. The compass shows Magnetic, the NAV (also when an NDB has been entered) indicators True, the ADF indicator Magnetic, the course deviation bars show Magnetic, extremely confusing. Since the course bars show Magnetic, VOR navigation (Autopilot) is also done with Magnetic. If this is true for this aircraft it probably is true for all Primus 1000 aircraft.

==Technical==
===V speeds===
{|
|V<sub>A</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] (use autopilot above to manoeuvre)
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> ||= 129 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 8<sup>o</sup>||= 119 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 20<sup>o</sup> ||= 115 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 40<sup>o</sup> ||= 109 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>C</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] at FL410
|-
|V<sub>S1</sub> (clean) ||= 96 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>S0</sub> (landing)||= 87 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCA</sub> || = 112 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCG</sub> || = 103 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 350 [[KIAS]] above FL80
|-
|M<sub>MO</sub> ||= 0.82 Mach
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 300 [[KIAS]] below FL80
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>8<sup>o</sup> ||= 198 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>20<sup>o</sup>||= 183 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>40<sup>o</sup>||= 153 [[KIAS]]
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 4800 feet (ISA)
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 6300 feet (elevation 5000 feet)
|-
|Field length (landing) ||= 3075 feet
|}
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) may be extended up to V<sub>MO</sub> provided flaps are not extended, or while on ground during landing.
[[V speeds]] based on typical load.

(FL = [[flight level]])
====Landing speeds====
{|
|Weight x 1000|| 10||11||12||13||14||15||'''15.3'''||<del>16</del>||<del>17</del>||<del>18.3</del>||lb
|-
|Speeds ↓
|-
|Vref & LDG Climb|| 105||110||115||119||123||127||'''129'''||131||135||140||[[KIAS]]
|-
|Appr & Climb||111||116||121||126||130||134||'''136'''||138||142||147||[[KIAS]]
|}

===Dimensions and weight===
{|
|'''Gates Learjet 35A - Technical Data'''
|-
|Specification || Metric|| Imperial
|-
|Length || 14.83 m || 48 ft 8"
|-
|Wing span (over tanks) || 12.04 m || 39 ft 6"
|-
|Height || 3.73 m || 12 ft 3"
|-
|Weight (empty) || 4,590 kg || 10,120 lb
|-
|Max. take-off weight || 8,235 kg || 18,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing weight || 6,940 kg || 15,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing tip-fuel weight || 420 kg || 925 lb
|-
|Max. fuel load || 3,524 l|| 931 Gallons
|-
|Max. level speed [[TAS]]|| 872 km/h (7,620 m) || 542 mph (25,000 ft)
|-
|Max. climb rate || 1,451 m/min || 4,760 ft/min
|-
|Max. service ceiling || 13,715 m (approx.) || 45,000 ft (approx.)
|}
{|
|Power plant ||2 x Garrett TFE731-2-2B Turbofan
|-
|Power plant output|| 2 x 3,500 Thrust (dry)[lbf]
|-
|Fuel consumption ||2 x 0,504 SFC (dry) [lb/lbf hr]
|-
|Range ||2789 NM
|-
|Max. time full-throttle || 5 mins
|-
|Max. occupancy || 2 x crew, 8 x passengers
|}

In FlightGear the limits are more flexible as the real thing. If you would cross over limitations in reality the thing would go poof.
*The data gathered is not guaranteed to be 100% accurate, some sources contradict each other. The most probable reason is that many aircraft have been refitted and improved (wing-tips, undercarriage, fuel tip) and often models are mixed (C21, 36, 35A etc).

== Aircraft configuration ==
Please note. Despite best efforts the description does not depict the real aircraft. If you have one of the real things, call me, I'd love to hop aboard, but use the Flight Manual for your planning.
=== Fuel system ===
This Learjet is equipped with five fuel tanks. The two characteristic tip tanks, two wing tanks and one tank in the fuselage. The tanks are filled from the tip tanks and during filling the fuel is distributed by gravity. This means that after filling each tank has the same percentage of fuel.

All weight above 13,500 lbs should be wing and tip tank fuel.

The flight characteristics are negatively influenced by the tip tanks (Dutch roll and front weight) that is why it is common to burn the tip tanks first.

From Equipment=>Fuel and Payload it is possible to open or close a tank.

There is only one type of jet fuel in FlightGear. To go from Gallons to pounds, multiply with 6.72 .

#Calculate from your planning the amount of fuel needed.
##:1st hour 223 Gallon
##:2nd hour 194 Gallon
##:3rd hour 164 Gallon
##:4th hour 134 Gallon
##For flights less then two hours fill the tanks to the max. landing weight (15,300lb) then add the amount of expected fuel burn. (i.e. for a two hour flight fill to 15,300 lb, then add 223+194 Gallons)
##Make sure there is a reserve of at least 90 Gallons in each wing that can be used for a go-around procedure.
#Load the amount of fuel using Equipment=>Fuel and payload. Made sure the sliders are above each other so to simulate gravity.
#Before taking off close the wing and fuselage tanks keeping only the tip tanks open.
#After approx an hour into the flight open the fuselage tank.
#After another half hour open the two wing tanks.
#Just before approach check the content of the tip tanks. If a tank holds more as 138 Gallons jettison (empty) the tip tanks. Else they could snap off during landing.
There is an upgrade kit available to increase the length of the tip tanks giving a longer range of the aircraft.

===Altitude and flight planning===
*Flight duration 1 hour, fly between FL300 and FL330.
*Flight duration 2 hours, fly between FL330 and FL370.
*Flight duration 3 hours, fly between FL370 and FL400.
*Flight duration 4 hours, fly between FL400 and FL430.

=== Engines ===
The engines can take N1 105% for about 5 seconds before you will have to replace them. They can take N1 103% for about 5 minutes which is just sufficient for an emergency ascend to FL180. (some documents state 1 second for 105% and 1 minute for 100...103%) Continues power is possible at N1 101.5% but it's best is to keep at or below 100%. Optimal cruise and climb, lowest fuel burn, is at N1 85%.

N1 63% gives about 210 [[KIAS]] at FL 250, N1 73% gives about 250 [[KIAS]].

===Flaps and brakes===
The flaps have three settings.
#8<sup>o</sup> makes the wings more efficient and provides a good deal of additional lift. It does not slow down the aircraft much. To make the aircraft take off easier, reducing the need for new tires, this setting is used. If you are sure to stay below 200 knots during VFR flight, touring over the country side, the throttle has more grain giving perfect control during slow, low level flight. The Learjet 35-A is certified for VFR flight.
#20<sup>o</sup> gives enough drag to slow down an aircraft. It also makes the wings more efficient during take off and this setting should be used with heavy loaded aircraft.
#40<sup>o</sup> is almost like a handbrake on your car. The aircraft wants to make a full stop on this setting. It provides some additional lift and should be used during take-off with with MTOW but be sure to shift to a lower setting as soon as possible. With this setting you can perform an emergency descent with a negative pitch of up to 40. During landing you will have to set N1 between 60...80% to prevent stalling. With higher speeds the aircraft will have an extreme pitch behaviour.
*The three settings are sufficient for normal use however there is an upgrade kit available giving a notch at 15 and 30. This makes the aircraft more flexible as a cargo transporter.
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) can be used at any speed below V<sub>MO</sub>. One thing to remember is, do not combine spoilerons with flaps, except during slowing down on the runway. The flaps want to push down the nose, the spoilerons do not have this effect. Be sure to retract them when you have reached the desired speed.
*Reversers can only be used below decision height and on the ground. If enabled the amount of reverse thrust depends on the throttle. It is advised to keep N1 below 85%. It should not be used below 60 knots with to prevent debris flying around everywhere, even entering the engines. Reversers can be used, on ground, to "powerback" (go backwards), use low thrust and never (ever!) use the brakes, use forward thrust instead. After use of the reversers they must receive an inspection therefore they can only be used once. It is against regulations to use reversers prior to take-off and with touch-and-go landings. It is a known risk that reversers can get stuck in the reverse position. (14 CFR Part 39 Amendment 39-4361; AD 79-08-01 R1 & MIA97FA213) Reversers will reduce the length needed for landing however plan to use a runway with sufficient length without reversers.

===Cockpit and control panel===
This Learjet 35-A has been refitted with the control panel of the [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel|Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The usage and information provided is the same.

Please note that most heading information the Primus 1000 gives is Magnetic except the arrows, those show True. As the deviation-bars also show Magnetic [[radio navigation]] should be based on Magnetic. Since runway headings are based on True they should be corrected for the magnetic deviation before entering this information in the machine. For an ILS there isn't much of a problem since it gives just one radial, but for airfields without an [[ILS]] but with a [[VOR-DME]] the deviation can be well noticeable. The deviation can be retrieved from Equipment => Instrument Settings => HI offset. Add this value to the heading of the runway.
===Autopilot===
Differences from expected behaviour,
*VNAV/Pitch will set climb, level or descend depending on the ''previous'' setting on the Altitude. If you were climbing '''with''' autopilot, Pitch will continue the climb.
*VNAV/Pitch will not be lit on the dashboard.
*VS does not work.
*B/C Back Course does not work.
*V/S Pitch up down does not work.
*Roll Knob does not function.

===Passengers and cargo===
This aircraft is configured for 8 passengers, 6 luxury leather seats, one flight attendant and one flap-down seat. There is room in the front for the luggage of the pilot and co-pilot with a max of 100 lb. Between the wings, just behind the last seats is the cargo hold that has room for 500 lb.

The maximum weight of the aircraft, without fuel, is 13,500 lbs.

It is possible to overload the aircraft with the risk of leaving the undercarriage and tires somewhere on the tarmac. There is an upgrade kit available making it stronger.

If your passengers are claustrophobic advise them to wait for an airliner. The width of the tube is 4.95ft (1,8 meters) and the height is 4.4 ft (1,34 meters) so not much room to take a walk.

The more weight in the back the better, so have your passengers sit from the back to the front.

===Warning systems===
*This aircraft has a [[Ground proximity warning system |MK VIII]] installed. It will callout the height and will give out warnings about flaps, landing gear and when the ground is too close. Most annoying is the alarm sound for lowering the gear.
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] is installed and visible on the MFD. Use the [[Cessna_Citation_Bravo_panel#Console | centre console]] to change visible radar range.
*The FC 530 AP will warn for stall and overspeed.
:*The stall warning will give a high pitch sound. In this simulation there is no stick shaker. The stall warning will shutdown the autopilot and will enable the caution alarm. The stall warning system is not perfectly capable of detecting a stall while banking. Contrary to the real aircraft this simulation does not include a stick push. When the alarm sound the aircraft is in a stall, not nearing a stall.
:*The overspeed alarm sounds like a clicking sound, a reason to slow down quick before the aircraft disintegrates. It will enable the caution alarm. Limitations are:
::*Caution when Mach > 0.74 and no AP
::*Caution when KIAS>300 and ALT < 8,000
::*Caution when KIAS>350 and ALT > 8,000
::*Stick pull KIAS>354 or MACH >0.82
*The Caution alarm sounds like honk honk, silent, silent. It can be stopped after the cause of the alarm has been taken away. Just press the button to shut it off. Check the aircraft limits when the cause of the alarm is unknown.
*The autopilot will also shutdown in the following events: G-forces over the limit or engines have stopped.

===Stall behaviour===
When the speed is reduced the Lear will nose-dive before there is a stall. If you fight that behaviour, pull up, you will find that a stall without flaps can cause loss of control diving left or right to start a spin. With flaps you can steer left and right without loosing control sinking at an extreme rate. To get out of a stall the easiest steps are to give max power and lower nose. With one engine down however max power will worsen the situation so lower nose to pick up speed, get control back and then increase thrust slowly. Stall character of the Learjet 35-A is described as very mild.

===Flight characteristics===
The Learjet loves to go up, it loves to go down. But it doesn't like level flight. The Autopilot has a Yaw Damper function to help level flight. Heavy tip tanks combined with low speeds can cause a Dutch Roll, it will make your passengers sick and can,in extremes, cause loss of control.

This machine is build to be happy above FL390, it's possible to fly [[KTAS]] 471 keeping N1 at 100%. Below FL390 the engines are not strong enough. The ceiling at 45,000 is for the standard machine, for research aircraft have been fitted with better seals keeping the cabin pressurized at higher altitudes.

Above 220 [[KIAS]] and/or above FL180 the aircraft should be flown with Autopilot since the slightest stick movements, above that speed, can cause scary things.

There are some things you should not do,
*Give full throttle with one engine down when the aircraft is near a stall during landing. (The aircraft will be pushed to one side)
*Set the altimeter to the wrong [[QNH]], mistaking a 2 with a 3. (The aircraft can be a 1000 feet lower as expected).
*Set the autopilot to an undefined high (twist the button) and then forget to set it correctly. (Making the aircraft fly too high, loosing pressure and oxygen making the aircraft fly a long way on autopilot before the engines shut down due to loss of fuel)
*Fly near the Falklands during a war. (The British might use you for target practice)

==Procedure flight==
=== Startup ===
#Fuel up the machine.
#Check brakes are ON.
#Check flaps are retracted.
#Check spoilerons are retracted.
#Check trim is centred.
#Throttle on 0, the machine will auto-throttle during start-up.
# Start the engines:
#* Manual:
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to ON.
##Avionics Power.
###Switch to INV 1.
###Right switch to ON.
##Ignition switches (LH and RH) to NORM.
##Click LM button on Engine Start (LH light will light up while revving up, wait till the light is off).
##Click RH button on Engine Start (RH light will light up while revving up).
##Check if the engines are running, N1 should hover around 50%.
##Switch L GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch R GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to OFF.
##Click the Master Warning Reset button to acknowledge the warning.
##Exterior Lights COLL to AMT.
##Exterior Lights NAV to UP.
#* Or use the Autostart option.
#Close the wing tanks and the fuselage tank.
#If the outside temperature is below -25<sup>o</sup> idle engines for at least three minutes.
#Tune to ATIS and set ALT to [[QNH]] by turning the BARO knob below the display.
# Pre-set the autopilot.
## Open Autopilot=>Autopilot settings.
## Click HDG (or NAV) and ALT to arm the Autopilot.
## Enter the heading in the HDG BUG box.
## Enter 39,000 in the ALT SET box.
#Release the brakes, give some throttle and go to runway start.

=== Take off and Ascend ===

# At runway start,
## Check spoilerons, flaps, trim, brake.
## Give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps (or more with loads MTOW, or short runways).
## Release brakes.
## Give throttle, keep N1 below 103% but above 95% (105% will kill the engine)
## While accelerating on the runway increase N1 when possible.
## Push yokes a bit down, specially with sidewind.
## Pull the jokes at V<sub>R</sub>.
## Rotate to 14 degrees.
## Check N1
# Speed is above 170 [[KIAS]]
## Retract landing gear.
## Retract flaps.
# Above 3000 feet [[AGL]].
## Set N1 to 85%.
## Turn.
## Trim to keep speed between 190 and 220 [[KIAS]].
## Slowly reduce the attitude to 7 degrees.
# At reaching 18,000 feet, (about 5 mins after takeoff).
## Enable the Autopilot, centre and release the yokes ("5").
## Click STD to set the [[altimeter]] to [[pressure altitude]].
## Check N1.
# After reaching FL 390, (about 16 mins after takeoff).
## Enable Low Bank in the autopilot.
## Let the aircraft gain some speed till above 200 [[KIAS]].
## Set the [[altitude]] to 41,000 feet.
# It takes about 18 minutes, 90 NM miles and 65 Gallons of fuel to reach FL 410.
## At 41,000 feet let the aircraft gain speed to near 220 [[KIAS]] which takes about 4 mins.
## Set IAS to 220 in the autopilot to prevent overspeed.
## If needed to go higher wait till the speed is above 200 and set altitude bug.

Alternative, when there are obstacles (mountains) near:
:# At takeoff rotate to 14 degrees.
:# When speed has picked to above 160 rotate to 20 degrees.
:# Retract landing gear.
:# When speed is above 170 [[KIAS]] retract flaps.
:# When you are above safety altitude reduce N1 to 85% and do as described above.

=== Level flight ===
At an [[altitude]] of 41,000 feet and with an [[airspeed]] of 220 knots (=N1 85%) you get a groundspeed of about 420 knots. This is the most economical speed and height for this aircraft. At 41,000 feet you can push it to an airspeed of near 240 knots, giving 460 [[KTAS]], but that will hit the envelope of this aircraft.

Monitor the amount of fuel in the tiptanks. If a tiptank is below 100 Gallons open up the fuselage tank. If the fuselage tank is below 100 Gallons open up both wing tanks. The centre of gravity will move to the back of the aircraft reducing drag.

Fly your course using the [[Radio beacons]] you can find. Intercept radials on [[NAV1]].
*Use the Display Controller (DC-550) to the left of the Display.
**The left bearing knob (BRG O) will show the direction of NAV1 or the [[ADF]].
**The right bearing knob (BRG <> ) will show the direction of NAV2 or the ADF.
**The NAV button will switch between NAV1 or NAV2 (or ILS 1 and 2) and will display the set Radial.
***Avoid using FMS. Do not use NAV2 for automated flight.
*Use the Autopilot Window to set the heading bug.
If a [[VOR]] has no reception it will show North. If the ADF has no reception it will show Up (tricky).

=== Descend ===
# At a (radial) distance of about 115 NM start your descent towards the runway (assuming RW elevation of near zero [[AMSL]], if the RW is higher you can descent later). The sink rate will be about 1970 ft/min.
# Set the altitude to 10,000 [[AGL]] (so if the runway has an elevation of 1245 feet set to 11,245 feet), set speed to 170 [[KIAS]], engines will run idle . While descending it is possible to fly very very fast at the cost of a large amount of fuel and with the risk of overspeed.
# The autopilot has been tuned to give a glidepath of a bit more as 3 degrees.
# At FL 180 set the [[altimeter]] to [[QNH]]. Disable Low Bank. Set the [[heading bug]] to the current course towards the runway.
# Set the runway heading into the Radial of Nav 1 of the radio and set the frequency of the [[ILS]].
# At 10,000 [[AGL]] the distance to the runways should be about 30 NM. If needed use the spoilerons to slow down to increase sinkrate.
# Descend to 1,500 feet [[AGL]] and aim to intercept the radial of the ILS at about 7...5 NM away from the runway. While making turns you can go to a speed of 240 [[KIAS]]. Use spoilerons to slow down.
# Hit NAV to intercept the radial.
# Slow down to 170 [[KIAS]], retract spoilerons, give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.

You can only intercept the ILS radial if you are nearer as approx 40 NM of the runway. A speed below 170 [[KIAS]] can cause the aircraft to sink during high bank turns.

{| border="1" style="text-align:right"
|+Cheatsheet 3 degrees altitude/distance
!altitude ||1||1.5||2||2.5||3||3.5||4||6||10||20||30||feet
|-
|distance||3.1||4.7||6.3||7.8||9.4||11.0||12.6||18||31||63||94||NM
|}
( ALT(ft) * 1000 / 318.12 = Dist(NM) )

=== Landing ===
The [[ILS]] takes away the need for horizontal control. To stay inside the [[glidescope]] it is needed to change pitch (yokes) and speed (autopilot). The ILS won't work below decision height (200 feet [[AGL]]).

The intention is to slow as much as possible, but with sufficient control for a go-around.

#Calculate Vref (see table above).
#At a distance of 4.7 NM (attitude 1500 feet) you should intercept the glidescope on the ILS. Due to mountains or weather reception of the ILS can be hindered, the gildescope can also be caught at 1000 feet and 3.1 NM.
#The speed is 170 [[KIAS]] with 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, flying on the radial.
#At one degree below glidescope (the green dot is on the dot above centre).
##Speedbug at Vref KIAS.
##20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
##Close the autopilot window.
##Hit APPR to catch the glidescope.
#:*If the glidescope is not shown on the ILS, reset Altitude on the Autopilot to "0" (zero).
#The nose will dive down, pull it up slowly so that the aircraft remains about horizontal.
#Pull up nose when too low, decrease speed when too high but keep the speed above Vref KIAS.
#Aim to a sinkrate of 400...700 feet/min
#At the 1000 mark check tiptanks and weight, jettison fuel if needed.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup>, the engines will give more power.
#At the 500 mark deploy landing gear.
#At decision height (set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown, stallwarning-system is disabled.
#Prepare to do a go-around is visibility is insufficient.
#At runway threshold set power to idle.
#Land the aircraft on two wheels, nose up, and correct for winds.
#On nose touchdown enable spoilerons (Ctrl-B), deploy reversers (DEL) and give max. power.
#Below 60 knots, set throttle to idle, stow the reversers.
#Hit the parking brake (SHIFT-B) to make a full stop.
#Take a deep breath.

Park the aircraft.

====Non-precision Approach====
# 7+ NM from RW: 180...165 [[KIAS]], flaps up, gear up.
# 7...5 NM from RW, aligned at 1,500 [[AGL]]: Vref + 30 KIAS, 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, descend if required.
# 5...1 NM from RW, descending: Vref + 20 KIAS, 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
# 500 feet AGL: 40<sup>o</sup> flaps, N1 up, gear down.
# Threshold: Vref KIAS.

=== Shutdown ===
Reverse the [[Learjet 35-A#Startup|startup procedure]] described earlier.
===Eating a bird===
At lower altitudes an engine can eat a bird and shutdown.

Flying with one engine down is good possible however,
*double the runway length, for both take-off and landing
*half the rotation, half the climb
*half the cruise altitude
*do not use AP during climb
Landing is described at [[#Landing, one engine out| Landing, one engine out]].

==Flight school==
Some things a pilot should be able to perform so find a nice long runway with an [[ILS]] and ask permission from ATC to do some practising. Keep the tarmac clean and don't scare the neighbours by crashing.
===Restart engines===
Since there is a risk that fuel runs out, forgetting to open up the fuselage or wing tanks.
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 200 [[KIAS]]
#Shutdown both tip tanks to force engine shutdown.
#Open up fuel tanks.
#Restart engines.
===Stall - clean===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 [[KIAS]].
#Disable speed bug (autopilot SPD).
#Set throttle to idle.
#Take the yokes.
#Keep the aircraft from sinking by pulling the yokes gently.
#Ignore the lower-gear warning.
#At stall warning, full throttle, give flaps. Only lower nose if needed to take away stall symptoms (banking).
#Let the aircraft pickup speed and when above minimums enable autopilot again. Have the yokes centred before enabling the autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 KIAS.
#Set 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Set speedbug to Vref KIAS.
#Set 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Lower gear.
#Below Vref + 25 set full flaps.
#Use pitch (yokes) to get a '''stable''' sinkrate between 400...700 feet/min at Vref [[KIAS]].
#Disable the speedbug, do not change throttle.
#Pull nose to get to a level flight. Pull more when sinking again.
#At stall warning max power, lower nose if needed.
#At positive rate of climb pull up gear.
#Set a pitch of 14 degrees. Retract flaps, centre yokes and enable autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration, one engine out===
Perform the same stall but this time shutdown one engine and keep flaps at 20.

===Landing, one engine out===
As a normal [[#Landing|landing]] but with the following critical differences.
#Set speed to Vref +20 and don't go below that. Use pitch only to control glidescope.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup> at 100...150 AGL (not earlier), immediately idle the left-over engine, land. Do not use reversers...
#There should be sufficient speed and power for a controlled go-around.
#After landing you can use the left-over engine to push the aircraft to the parking place.
Touch-and-go is not possible. Required RW length is double. When the speed is too low a power-up, for a go-around or to prevent a full stall, will push the aircraft uncontrollable to one side. This manoeuvre should be practised on a virtual runway well above the real one before attempting this on hard tarmac.

===Go-around===
This procedure (Go-around, Missed approach) should be practised and should be applied when visibility is insufficient for a landing. Practice on a virtual runway a few 100's feet above the real runway. This procedure works for normal landings and with one engine out.
#At decision height (200 feet [[AGL]], set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown and the stall warning will be disabled.
#The [[indicated airspeed]] should be just above Vref or Vref + 20 with one engine out. AP should be off.
#Give max throttle (keep N1 below 103.5%).
#Rotate to 7 degrees.
#Check vertical speed.
#With positive rate of climb, retract gear.
#Call [[ATC]].
#Centre trim.
#Above V<sub>r</sub> retract flaps.
#Reset AP.
#Rotate to 14 degrees until above 3000 feet.
You should have 180 Gallons left in the wings to go-around or to find another runway nearby.

==Tweaking aircraft files==
===Change livery ===
[[File:Learjet35_01.jpg|250px|thumb|Waves Livery]]
The livery can not be changed as easy as with other aircraft.
#Locate in the directory Models the files Paint1.png and Paint1 (2).png
#Rename Paint1.pnt to Paint1 (1).png
#Rename Paint1 (2).png to Paint1.png
#Restart FlightGear

===Modify livery===
*The *.psd layers of the wavevom livery are available [http://2rowdy.aacity.net/FG/Paintkit%20Learjet%2035a.zip Paintkit Learjet35a.zip] (zipped file)
*If you have Gimp, Paint dot net or Photoshop you can open and edit the layers of the file.
*Save the modified file as a flat non-transparent (24 bits) png image with name: Paint1.png.
*Place the file in the Models directory after making a backup of the original Paint1.png file.

==Development status/Issues/Todo==
*Development has taken a different turn. In short, we will use the aircraft files, but we will completely redo them as like making a new aircraft. So, new interior, new exterior, new systems, new instruments etc etc.

==Updates==
===Version 20120130===
*FC-530 behavior
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] installed
*MFD and NAV view
*Reversers possible below decision height
*Contrails and smoketrails
*Overspeed and Ceiling don't stop AP
*Engine maintenance (Turbine<=>Fan)

===Version 20111222===
* N1 0...110% with the risk of blowing up the engine
* Thrust at N1 101% 3500 lbs
* Changed engine sounds
* Wind with landing gear and flaps
* Stall warning
* Overspeed warning
* Caution sound
* Engine start and shutdown sounds
* Yasim wing sweep correct
* Panel N1 and ITT now in real range with real colours (but in bars and not dials)
* Different MK VIII setting
* Limits and warnings on N1, spoilerons and flaps *2, reversers, engines out, stall and overspeed. Some will cause the warning sound, some will shut down the AP, some just tell the aircraft has broken up into fragments.
* [[Instant Replay]]
* Aircraft help
* Micro HUD
* Prepared for FG 2.6.0

===Version 20111111===
* Remodel Yasim according to drawings.
* Two tip tanks, two wing tanks and one fuselage tank.
* Corrected empty weight.
* Increased power at altitude.
* Separate Instruments 3-d no longer needed.
* Completely different flight behaviour, less predictable, more fun, more real.
* Animated reversers.
* Correct flap angles.
* AP Low bank functional.
* Limits implemented.
* N1 and N2 tweaked to almost real.
===From v2009 to v2011-10-21===
* Fuel-load 2 x 465.5 Gallons.
* Thrust 3500
* tsfc (fuel consumption) 0.504
* Autopilot climb attitude from 3.5 to 7.1
* Altitude was system [[altitude]], corrected to indicated altitude.
* Livery shadow fixed.
* Autopilot Y/D now functional.
* DC-550 a bit more visible.
* Removal of non available animations.
* Clean-up of obsolete and redundant files.

==Related content==
* [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]; the Citation has the same panel. Some great hints and tips can be found there.

==External links==
*[http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=13256&p=134319#p134319 Discussion thread on the Flightgear Forum.]
*[http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=265 Learjet on airliners.net]
*[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_content.jsp?channel=bca&id=xml/bca_xml/2010/09/01/BC_09_01_2010_p80-249555.xml&headline=Learjet+35+Series+Aircraft Learjet on aviatonweek.com]
*[http://www.businessjet.com/Aircraft_Data/Learjet35.php Learjet on businessjet.com]
*[http://www.aviastar.org/air/usa/learjet-35.php Learjet on Aviastarr.org]
*[http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_lear35_en.php Learjet and great pictures on flugzeuginfo.net]
*[http://www.spyflight.co.uk/learjet.htm Some lesser known facts about the Learjet on spyflight.co.uk]
*[http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-07012010-31295010054285/unrestricted/31295010054285.pdf Thesis: Gates Learjet Corporation - Production Facilities - by Rick.J.Denzer Dec 10 1981](pdf) Also contains a detailed history of the corporation.

{{Appendix}}

{{bombardier}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Business Jet]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

File:Learjet35banner.png

2012-02-23T20:02:45Z

PH-JBO: uploaded a new version of "File:Learjet35banner.png": Better contrast. More similar to the real one. Fuzzy on purpose, sorry, but I spend two days on making this...

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-20T20:27:22Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */ removed cos published in Suggested Flights

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.
#[[Suggested_Flights#Kisimayu_to_Kilimanjaro| Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro]] as suggested flight.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

Learjet 35-A

2012-02-19T10:12:18Z

PH-JBO:

{{infobox Aircraft
|name = Learjet 35A
|image = Learjet 35-A Wavevom.jpg
|alt =
|type = Business Jet
|livery = Wavevom (based on NASA)
|authors = Xsaint,PH-JBO
|version = 20120130p
|fdm = YASim
|fgname = Learjet2
|download = http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip
|development =
|status-fdm = 4
|status-systems = 3
|status-cockpit = 4
|status-model = 3
}}

{{Cquote|'''Nothing else can take you there faster, on less fuel. Absolutely nothing.'''

It's a incontrovertible fact. ''The Learjet 35A covers more miles in less time on less fuel than any other business jet.''

Period.

In fact, even ''slower'' jets consume more fuel than the Learjet 35A. The [[Cessna 550 Citation II|Cessna Citation S/II]], for example, takes about 15 minutes longer than the Learjet to complete a typical 500-n.m. mission at high-speed cruise--and gulps down 100 ponds more fuel in the process.

No other aircraft offers a better blend of speed, efficiency, and versatility than the Learjet 35A.

Ask the U.S. Airforce. Before selecting a manufacturer for their C-21 utility jet, they conducted a four-month comparison of contenders. When it was over, the choice was clear. The USAF ordered 80 Learjets.|Flight International (advertising of Gates Learjet)<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%202071.html Flight International, 22 June 1985, page 33, advertising of Gates Learjet]</ref>}}
The '''Learjet 35-A''' is not included with the [[FlightGear]] base package nor is it available from the [http://www.flightgear.org/download/aircraft-v2-4/ Central FlightGear Hangar].

This aircraft, in FlightGear, is a creation of xsaint. Copyright info (from learjet-set.xml): '''''Learjet 35A Feb 2009 Xsaint , based on Syd's Bravo FDM()'''''. Its tweaked by PH-JBO 2011-12-22. Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

History and technical details of the Learjet 35 can be found on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35 Wikipedia] with links towards the Learjet and Bombardier history.
[[File:Learjet35banner.png|150px|frame|right|bottom]]

==Installation==
# Download the aircraft from here:  [http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip Download LJ35A]
# Place the Lear2 directory and files in your Aircraft directory.
*If you have previously installed the Learjet please remove it from the Aircraft directory. FlightGear will otherwise get confused.
*The pre-previous version required a custom Instruments-3d, if you still have that on your hard drive, pls remove it.

==Impressions==
'''Positive'''
*This Learjet is at this moment (2011-08-25) the only business jet in FlightGear with a predictable autopilot (as far as I know).
*Despite the oddities, this aircraft is perfect to practice [[IFR]] flight, [[radio navigation]] and [[ILS]] approaches.
*It has the mild character of an airliner, combined with the umph of a fighter jet. So it's perfect as a trainer for both types of aircraft.
*There are not a gazillion buttons to press, perfect for lazy pilots that want mileage.
*It is a beast to fly. It is possible to take off from a postagestamp, pull up like a rocket and land on a dime.
This aircraft needs more pilots! (and positive reviews)

'''Negative'''
*The interior is not of a Learjet, the instruments were designed for the [[Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The looks and animations of the aircraft is not sleek and finished.

=== Oddities ===
For this aircraft but perhaps also for other aircraft with this setup. Some oddities are probably on-purpose.

*The [[ADF]] frequency in the cockpit is not in sync with the Radio window.
*[[NDB]] beacons can be entered as NAV1 or NAV2. That's a big positive! They will give distance but no radial for the autopilot.
*If changing course (radial) in the Radio Window be sure to press '''apply''' to feed the Primus. For the other values the apply key isn't needed.
*If FMS is used once, the Primus will get confused and ILS beacons will not show the glidescope.
*In the Autopilot Pitch (VNAV) and V/S do not work as expected.
*If the Autopilot is turned on it will also turn on a vertical control, Pitch, V/S or Altitude depending on what is pre-selected. Standard is Pitch.
*I have not discovered any effect from the Roll Knob.
*NAV2 can only be used for reference. It can not be used for radial navigation.
*The compass is b0rken. It has a strange deviation and can not be set with Instrument settings. The compass shows Magnetic, the NAV (also when an NDB has been entered) indicators True, the ADF indicator Magnetic, the course deviation bars show Magnetic, extremely confusing. Since the course bars show Magnetic, VOR navigation (Autopilot) is also done with Magnetic. If this is true for this aircraft it probably is true for all Primus 1000 aircraft.

==Technical==
===V speeds===
{|
|V<sub>A</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] (use autopilot above to manoeuvre)
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> ||= 129 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 8<sup>o</sup>||= 119 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 20<sup>o</sup> ||= 115 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 40<sup>o</sup> ||= 109 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>C</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] at FL410
|-
|V<sub>S1</sub> (clean) ||= 96 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>S0</sub> (landing)||= 87 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCA</sub> || = 112 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCG</sub> || = 103 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 350 [[KIAS]] above FL80
|-
|M<sub>MO</sub> ||= 0.82 Mach
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 300 [[KIAS]] below FL80
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>8<sup>o</sup> ||= 198 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>20<sup>o</sup>||= 183 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>40<sup>o</sup>||= 153 [[KIAS]]
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 4800 feet (ISA)
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 6300 feet (elevation 5000 feet)
|-
|Field length (landing) ||= 3075 feet
|}
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) may be extended up to V<sub>MO</sub> provided flaps are not extended, or while on ground during landing.
[[V speeds]] based on typical load.

(FL = [[flight level]])
====Landing speeds====
{|
|Weight x 1000|| 10||11||12||13||14||15||'''15.3'''||<del>16</del>||<del>17</del>||<del>18.3</del>||lb
|-
|Speeds ↓
|-
|Vref & LDG Climb|| 105||110||115||119||123||127||'''129'''||131||135||140||[[KIAS]]
|-
|Appr & Climb||111||116||121||126||130||134||'''136'''||138||142||147||[[KIAS]]
|}

===Dimensions and weight===
{|
|'''Gates Learjet 35A - Technical Data'''
|-
|Specification || Metric|| Imperial
|-
|Length || 14.83 m || 48 ft 8"
|-
|Wing span (over tanks) || 12.04 m || 39 ft 6"
|-
|Height || 3.73 m || 12 ft 3"
|-
|Weight (empty) || 4,590 kg || 10,120 lb
|-
|Max. take-off weight || 8,235 kg || 18,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing weight || 6,940 kg || 15,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing tip-fuel weight || 420 kg || 925 lb
|-
|Max. fuel load || 3,524 l|| 931 Gallons
|-
|Max. level speed [[TAS]]|| 872 km/h (7,620 m) || 542 mph (25,000 ft)
|-
|Max. climb rate || 1,451 m/min || 4,760 ft/min
|-
|Max. service ceiling || 13,715 m (approx.) || 45,000 ft (approx.)
|}
{|
|Power plant ||2 x Garrett TFE731-2-2B Turbofan
|-
|Power plant output|| 2 x 3,500 Thrust (dry)[lbf]
|-
|Fuel consumption ||2 x 0,504 SFC (dry) [lb/lbf hr]
|-
|Range ||2789 NM
|-
|Max. time full-throttle || 5 mins
|-
|Max. occupancy || 2 x crew, 8 x passengers
|}

In FlightGear the limits are more flexible as the real thing. If you would cross over limitations in reality the thing would go poof.
*The data gathered is not guaranteed to be 100% accurate, some sources contradict each other. The most probable reason is that many aircraft have been refitted and improved (wing-tips, undercarriage, fuel tip) and often models are mixed (C21, 36, 35A etc).

== Aircraft configuration ==
Please note. Despite best efforts the description does not depict the real aircraft. If you have one of the real things, call me, I'd love to hop aboard, but use the Flight Manual for your planning.
=== Fuel system ===
This Learjet is equipped with five fuel tanks. The two characteristic tip tanks, two wing tanks and one tank in the fuselage. The tanks are filled from the tip tanks and during filling the fuel is distributed by gravity. This means that after filling each tank has the same percentage of fuel.

All weight above 13,500 lbs should be wing and tip tank fuel.

The flight characteristics are negatively influenced by the tip tanks (Dutch roll and front weight) that is why it is common to burn the tip tanks first.

From Equipment=>Fuel and Payload it is possible to open or close a tank.

There is only one type of jet fuel in FlightGear. To go from Gallons to pounds, multiply with 6.72 .

#Calculate from your planning the amount of fuel needed.
##:1st hour 223 Gallon
##:2nd hour 194 Gallon
##:3rd hour 164 Gallon
##:4th hour 134 Gallon
##For flights less then two hours fill the tanks to the max. landing weight (15,300lb) then add the amount of expected fuel burn. (i.e. for a two hour flight fill to 15,300 lb, then add 223+194 Gallons)
##Make sure there is a reserve of at least 90 Gallons in each wing that can be used for a go-around procedure.
#Load the amount of fuel using Equipment=>Fuel and payload. Made sure the sliders are above each other so to simulate gravity.
#Before taking off close the wing and fuselage tanks keeping only the tip tanks open.
#After approx an hour into the flight open the fuselage tank.
#After another half hour open the two wing tanks.
#Just before approach check the content of the tip tanks. If a tank holds more as 138 Gallons jettison (empty) the tip tanks. Else they could snap off during landing.
There is an upgrade kit available to increase the length of the tip tanks giving a longer range of the aircraft.

===Altitude and flight planning===
*Flight duration 1 hour, fly between FL300 and FL330.
*Flight duration 2 hours, fly between FL330 and FL370.
*Flight duration 3 hours, fly between FL370 and FL400.
*Flight duration 4 hours, fly between FL400 and FL430.

=== Engines ===
The engines can take N1 105% for about 5 seconds before you will have to replace them. They can take N1 103% for about 5 minutes which is just sufficient for an emergency ascend to FL180. Continues power is possible at N1 101.5% but it's best is to keep at or below 100%. Optimal cruise and climb, lowest fuel burn, is at N1 85%.

N1 63% gives about 210 [[KIAS]] at FL 250, N1 73% gives about 250 [[KIAS]].

===Flaps and brakes===
The flaps have three settings.
#8<sup>o</sup> makes the wings more efficient and provides a good deal of additional lift. It does not slow down the aircraft much. To make the aircraft take off easier, reducing the need for new tires, this setting is used. If you are sure to stay below 200 knots during VFR flight, touring over the country side, the throttle has more grain giving perfect control during slow, low level flight. The Learjet 35-A is certified for VFR flight.
#20<sup>o</sup> gives enough drag to slow down an aircraft. It also makes the wings more efficient during take off and this setting should be used with heavy loaded aircraft.
#40<sup>o</sup> is almost like a handbrake on your car. The aircraft wants to make a full stop on this setting. It provides some additional lift and should be used during take-off with with MTOW but be sure to shift to a lower setting as soon as possible. With this setting you can perform an emergency descent with a negative pitch of up to 40. During landing you will have to set N1 between 60...80% to prevent stalling. With higher speeds the aircraft will have an extreme pitch behaviour.
*The three settings are sufficient for normal use however there is an upgrade kit available giving a notch at 15 and 30. This makes the aircraft more flexible as a cargo transporter.
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) can be used at any speed below V<sub>MO</sub>. One thing to remember is, do not combine spoilerons with flaps, except during slowing down on the runway. The flaps want to push down the nose, the spoilerons do not have this effect. Be sure to retract them when you have reached the desired speed.
*Reversers can only be used below decision height and on the ground. If enabled the amount of reverse thrust depends on the throttle. It is advised to keep N1 below 85%. It should not be used below 60 knots with to prevent debris flying around everywhere, even entering the engines. Reversers can be used, on ground, to "powerback" (go backwards), use low thrust and never (ever!) use the brakes, use forward thrust instead. After use of the reversers they must receive an inspection therefore they can only be used once. It is against regulations to use reversers prior to take-off and with touch-and-go landings. It is a known risk that reversers can get stuck in the reverse position. (14 CFR Part 39 Amendment 39-4361; AD 79-08-01 R1 & MIA97FA213) Reversers will reduce the length needed for landing however plan to use a runway with sufficient length without reversers.

===Cockpit and control panel===
This Learjet 35-A has been refitted with the control panel of the [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel|Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The usage and information provided is the same.

Please note that most heading information the Primus 1000 gives is Magnetic except the arrows, those show True. As the deviation-bars also show Magnetic [[radio navigation]] should be based on Magnetic. Since runway headings are based on True they should be corrected for the magnetic deviation before entering this information in the machine. For an ILS there isn't much of a problem since it gives just one radial, but for airfields without an [[ILS]] but with a [[VOR-DME]] the deviation can be well noticeable. The deviation can be retrieved from Equipment => Instrument Settings => HI offset. Add this value to the heading of the runway.
===Autopilot===
Differences from expected behaviour,
*VNAV/Pitch will set climb, level or descend depending on the ''previous'' setting on the Altitude. If you were climbing '''with''' autopilot, Pitch will continue the climb.
*VNAV/Pitch will not be lit on the dashboard.
*VS does not work.
*B/C Back Course does not work.
*V/S Pitch up down does not work.
*Roll Knob does not function.

===Passengers and cargo===
This aircraft is configured for 8 passengers, 6 luxury leather seats, one flight attendant and one flap-down seat. There is room in the front for the luggage of the pilot and co-pilot with a max of 100 lb. Between the wings, just behind the last seats is the cargo hold that has room for 500 lb.

The maximum weight of the aircraft, without fuel, is 13,500 lbs.

It is possible to overload the aircraft with the risk of leaving the undercarriage and tires somewhere on the tarmac. There is an upgrade kit available making it stronger.

If your passengers are claustrophobic advise them to wait for an airliner. The width of the tube is 4.95ft (1,8 meters) and the height is 4.4 ft (1,34 meters) so not much room to take a walk.

The more weight in the back the better, so have your passengers sit from the back to the front.

===Warning systems===
*This aircraft has a [[Ground proximity warning system |MK VIII]] installed. It will callout the height and will give out warnings about flaps, landing gear and when the ground is too close. Most annoying is the alarm sound for lowering the gear.
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] is installed and visible on the MFD. Use the [[Cessna_Citation_Bravo_panel#Console | centre console]] to change visible radar range.
*The FC 530 AP will warn for stall and overspeed.
:*The stall warning will give a high pitch sound. In this simulation there is no stick shaker. The stall warning will shutdown the autopilot and will enable the caution alarm. The stall warning system is not perfectly capable of detecting a stall while banking. Contrary to the real aircraft this simulation does not include a stick push. When the alarm sound the aircraft is in a stall, not nearing a stall.
:*The overspeed alarm sounds like a clicking sound, a reason to slow down quick before the aircraft disintegrates. It will enable the caution alarm. Limitations are:
::*Caution when Mach > 0.74 and no AP
::*Caution when KIAS>300 and ALT < 8,000
::*Caution when KIAS>350 and ALT > 8,000
::*Stick pull KIAS>354 or MACH >0.82
*The Caution alarm sounds like honk honk, silent, silent. It can be stopped after the cause of the alarm has been taken away. Just press the button to shut it off. Check the aircraft limits when the cause of the alarm is unknown.
*The autopilot will also shutdown in the following events: G-forces over the limit or engines have stopped.

===Stall behaviour===
When the speed is reduced the Lear will nose-dive before there is a stall. If you fight that behaviour, pull up, you will find that a stall without flaps can cause loss of control diving left or right to start a spin. With flaps you can steer left and right without loosing control sinking at an extreme rate. To get out of a stall the easiest steps are to give max power and lower nose. With one engine down however max power will worsen the situation so lower nose to pick up speed, get control back and then increase thrust slowly. Stall character of the Learjet 35-A is described as very mild.

===Flight characteristics===
The Learjet loves to go up, it loves to go down. But it doesn't like level flight. The Autopilot has a Yaw Damper function to help level flight. Heavy tip tanks combined with low speeds can cause a Dutch Roll, it will make your passengers sick and can,in extremes, cause loss of control.

This machine is build to be happy above FL390, it's possible to fly [[KTAS]] 471 keeping N1 at 100%. Below FL390 the engines are not strong enough. The ceiling at 45,000 is for the standard machine, for research aircraft have been fitted with better seals keeping the cabin pressurized at higher altitudes.

Above 220 [[KIAS]] and/or above FL180 the aircraft should be flown with Autopilot since the slightest stick movements, above that speed, can cause scary things.

There are some things you should not do,
*Give full throttle with one engine down when the aircraft is near a stall during landing. (The aircraft will be pushed to one side)
*Set the altimeter to the wrong [[QNH]], mistaking a 2 with a 3. (The aircraft can be a 1000 feet lower as expected).
*Set the autopilot to an undefined high (twist the button) and then forget to set it correctly. (Making the aircraft fly too high, loosing pressure and oxygen making the aircraft fly a long way on autopilot before the engines shut down due to loss of fuel)
*Fly near the Falklands during a war. (The British might use you for target practice)

==Procedure flight==
=== Startup ===
#Fuel up the machine.
#Check brakes are ON.
#Check flaps are retracted.
#Check spoilerons are retracted.
#Check trim is centred.
#Throttle on 0, the machine will auto-throttle during start-up.
# Start the engines:
#* Manual:
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to ON.
##Avionics Power.
###Switch to INV 1.
###Right switch to ON.
##Ignition switches (LH and RH) to NORM.
##Click LM button on Engine Start (LH light will light up while revving up, wait till the light is off).
##Click RH button on Engine Start (RH light will light up while revving up).
##Check if the engines are running, N1 should hover around 50%.
##Switch L GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch R GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to OFF.
##Click the Master Warning Reset button to acknowledge the warning.
##Exterior Lights COLL to AMT.
##Exterior Lights NAV to UP.
#* Or use the Autostart option.
#Close the wing tanks and the fuselage tank.
#If the outside temperature is below -25<sup>o</sup> idle engines for at least three minutes.
#Tune to ATIS and set ALT to [[QNH]] by turning the BARO knob below the display.
# Pre-set the autopilot.
## Open Autopilot=>Autopilot settings.
## Click HDG (or NAV) and ALT to arm the Autopilot.
## Enter the heading in the HDG BUG box.
## Enter 39,000 in the ALT SET box.
#Release the brakes, give some throttle and go to runway start.

=== Take off and Ascend ===

# At runway start,
## Check spoilerons, flaps, trim, brake.
## Give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps (or more with loads MTOW, or short runways).
## Release brakes.
## Give throttle, keep N1 below 103% but above 95% (105% will kill the engine)
## While accelerating on the runway increase N1 when possible.
## Push yokes a bit down, specially with sidewind.
## Pull the jokes at V<sub>R</sub>.
## Rotate to 14 degrees.
## Check N1
# Speed is above 170 [[KIAS]]
## Retract landing gear.
## Retract flaps.
# Above 3000 feet [[AGL]].
## Set N1 to 85%.
## Turn.
## Trim to keep speed between 190 and 220 [[KIAS]].
## Slowly reduce the attitude to 7 degrees.
# At reaching 18,000 feet, (about 5 mins after takeoff).
## Enable the Autopilot, centre and release the yokes ("5").
## Click STD to set the [[altimeter]] to [[pressure altitude]].
## Check N1.
# After reaching FL 390, (about 16 mins after takeoff).
## Enable Low Bank in the autopilot.
## Let the aircraft gain some speed till above 200 [[KIAS]].
## Set the [[altitude]] to 41,000 feet.
# It takes about 18 minutes, 90 NM miles and 65 Gallons of fuel to reach FL 410.
## At 41,000 feet let the aircraft gain speed to near 220 [[KIAS]] which takes about 4 mins.
## Set IAS to 220 in the autopilot to prevent overspeed.
## If needed to go higher wait till the speed is above 200 and set altitude bug.

Alternative, when there are obstacles (mountains) near:
:# At takeoff rotate to 14 degrees.
:# When speed has picked to above 160 rotate to 20 degrees.
:# Retract landing gear.
:# When speed is above 170 [[KIAS]] retract flaps.
:# When you are above safety altitude reduce N1 to 85% and do as described above.

=== Level flight ===
At an [[altitude]] of 41,000 feet and with an [[airspeed]] of 220 knots (=N1 85%) you get a groundspeed of about 420 knots. This is the most economical speed and height for this aircraft. At 41,000 feet you can push it to an airspeed of near 240 knots, giving 460 [[KTAS]], but that will hit the envelope of this aircraft.

Monitor the amount of fuel in the tiptanks. If a tiptank is below 100 Gallons open up the fuselage tank. If the fuselage tank is below 100 Gallons open up both wing tanks. The centre of gravity will move to the back of the aircraft reducing drag.

Fly your course using the [[Radio beacons]] you can find. Intercept radials on [[NAV1]].
*Use the Display Controller (DC-550) to the left of the Display.
**The left bearing knob (BRG O) will show the direction of NAV1 or the [[ADF]].
**The right bearing knob (BRG <> ) will show the direction of NAV2 or the ADF.
**The NAV button will switch between NAV1 or NAV2 (or ILS 1 and 2) and will display the set Radial.
***Avoid using FMS. Do not use NAV2 for automated flight.
*Use the Autopilot Window to set the heading bug.
If a [[VOR]] has no reception it will show North. If the ADF has no reception it will show Up (tricky).

=== Descend ===
# At a (radial) distance of about 115 NM start your descent towards the runway (assuming RW elevation of near zero [[AMSL]], if the RW is higher you can descent later). The sink rate will be about 1970 ft/min.
# Set the altitude to 10,000 [[AGL]] (so if the runway has an elevation of 1245 feet set to 11,245 feet), set speed to 170 [[KIAS]], engines will run idle . While descending it is possible to fly very very fast at the cost of a large amount of fuel and with the risk of overspeed.
# The autopilot has been tuned to give a glidepath of a bit more as 3 degrees.
# At FL 180 set the [[altimeter]] to [[QNH]]. Disable Low Bank. Set the [[heading bug]] to the current course towards the runway.
# Set the runway heading into the Radial of Nav 1 of the radio and set the frequency of the [[ILS]].
# At 10,000 [[AGL]] the distance to the runways should be about 30 NM. If needed use the spoilerons to slow down to increase sinkrate.
# Descend to 1,500 feet [[AGL]] and aim to intercept the radial of the ILS at about 7...5 NM away from the runway. While making turns you can go to a speed of 240 [[KIAS]]. Use spoilerons to slow down.
# Hit NAV to intercept the radial.
# Slow down to 170 [[KIAS]], retract spoilerons, give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.

You can only intercept the ILS radial if you are nearer as approx 40 NM of the runway. A speed below 170 [[KIAS]] can cause the aircraft to sink during high bank turns.

{| border="1" style="text-align:right"
|+Cheatsheet 3 degrees altitude/distance
!altitude ||1||1.5||2||2.5||3||3.5||4||6||10||20||30||feet
|-
|distance||3.1||4.7||6.3||7.8||9.4||11.0||12.6||18||31||63||94||NM
|}
( ALT(ft) * 1000 / 318.12 = Dist(NM) )

=== Landing ===
The [[ILS]] takes away the need for horizontal control. To stay inside the [[glidescope]] it is needed to change pitch (yokes) and speed (autopilot). The ILS won't work below decision height (200 feet [[AGL]]).

The intention is to slow as much as possible, but with sufficient control for a go-around.

#Calculate Vref (see table above).
#At a distance of 4.7 NM (attitude 1500 feet) you should intercept the glidescope on the ILS. Due to mountains or weather reception of the ILS can be hindered, the gildescope can also be caught at 1000 feet and 3.1 NM.
#The speed is 170 [[KIAS]] with 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, flying on the radial.
#At one degree below glidescope (the green dot is on the dot above centre).
##Speedbug at Vref KIAS.
##20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
##Close the autopilot window.
##Hit APPR to catch the glidescope.
#:*If the glidescope is not shown on the ILS, reset Altitude on the Autopilot to "0" (zero).
#The nose will dive down, pull it up slowly so that the aircraft remains about horizontal.
#Pull up nose when too low, decrease speed when too high but keep the speed above Vref KIAS.
#Aim to a sinkrate of 400...700 feet/min
#At the 1000 mark check tiptanks and weight, jettison fuel if needed.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup>, the engines will give more power.
#At the 500 mark deploy landing gear.
#At decision height (set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown, stallwarning-system is disabled.
#Prepare to do a go-around is visibility is insufficient.
#At runway threshold set power to idle.
#Land the aircraft on two wheels, nose up, and correct for winds.
#On nose touchdown enable spoilerons (Ctrl-B), deploy reversers (DEL) and give max. power.
#Below 60 knots, set throttle to idle, stow the reversers.
#Hit the parking brake (SHIFT-B) to make a full stop.
#Take a deep breath.

Park the aircraft.

====Non-precision Approach====
# 7+ NM from RW: 180...165 [[KIAS]], flaps up, gear up.
# 7...5 NM from RW, aligned at 1,500 [[AGL]]: Vref + 30 KIAS, 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, descend if required.
# 5...1 NM from RW, descending: Vref + 20 KIAS, 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
# 500 feet AGL: 40<sup>o</sup> flaps, N1 up, gear down.
# Threshold: Vref KIAS.

=== Shutdown ===
Reverse the [[Learjet 35-A#Startup|startup procedure]] described earlier.
===Eating a bird===
At lower altitudes an engine can eat a bird and shutdown.

Flying with one engine down is good possible however,
*double the runway length, for both take-off and landing
*half the rotation, half the climb
*half the cruise altitude
*do not use AP during climb
Landing is described at [[#Landing, one engine out| Landing, one engine out]].

==Flight school==
Some things a pilot should be able to perform so find a nice long runway with an [[ILS]] and ask permission from ATC to do some practising. Keep the tarmac clean and don't scare the neighbours by crashing.
===Restart engines===
Since there is a risk that fuel runs out, forgetting to open up the fuselage or wing tanks.
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 200 [[KIAS]]
#Shutdown both tip tanks to force engine shutdown.
#Open up fuel tanks.
#Restart engines.
===Stall - clean===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 [[KIAS]].
#Disable speed bug (autopilot SPD).
#Set throttle to idle.
#Take the yokes.
#Keep the aircraft from sinking by pulling the yokes gently.
#Ignore the lower-gear warning.
#At stall warning, full throttle, give flaps. Only lower nose if needed to take away stall symptoms (banking).
#Let the aircraft pickup speed and when above minimums enable autopilot again. Have the yokes centred before enabling the autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 KIAS.
#Set 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Set speedbug to Vref KIAS.
#Set 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Lower gear.
#Below Vref + 25 set full flaps.
#Use pitch (yokes) to get a '''stable''' sinkrate between 400...700 feet/min at Vref [[KIAS]].
#Disable the speedbug, do not change throttle.
#Pull nose to get to a level flight. Pull more when sinking again.
#At stall warning max power, lower nose if needed.
#At positive rate of climb pull up gear.
#Set a pitch of 14 degrees. Retract flaps, centre yokes and enable autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration, one engine out===
Perform the same stall but this time shutdown one engine and keep flaps at 20.

===Landing, one engine out===
As a normal [[#Landing|landing]] but with the following critical differences.
#Set speed to Vref +20 and don't go below that. Use pitch only to control glidescope.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup> at 100...150 AGL (not earlier), immediately idle the left-over engine, land. Do not use reversers...
#There should be sufficient speed and power for a controlled go-around.
#After landing you can use the left-over engine to push the aircraft to the parking place.
Touch-and-go is not possible. Required RW length is double. When the speed is too low a power-up, for a go-around or to prevent a full stall, will push the aircraft uncontrollable to one side. This manoeuvre should be practised on a virtual runway well above the real one before attempting this on hard tarmac.

===Go-around===
This procedure (Go-around, Missed approach) should be practised and should be applied when visibility is insufficient for a landing. Practice on a virtual runway a few 100's feet above the real runway. This procedure works for normal landings and with one engine out.
#At decision height (200 feet [[AGL]], set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown and the stall warning will be disabled.
#The [[indicated airspeed]] should be just above Vref or Vref + 20 with one engine out. AP should be off.
#Give max throttle (keep N1 below 103.5%).
#Rotate to 7 degrees.
#Check vertical speed.
#With positive rate of climb, retract gear.
#Call [[ATC]].
#Centre trim.
#Above V<sub>r</sub> retract flaps.
#Reset AP.
#Rotate to 14 degrees until above 3000 feet.
You should have 180 Gallons left in the wings to go-around or to find another runway nearby.

==Tweaking aircraft files==
===Change livery ===
[[File:Learjet35_01.jpg|250px|thumb|Waves Livery]]
The livery can not be changed as easy as with other aircraft.
#Locate in the directory Models the files Paint1.png and Paint1 (2).png
#Rename Paint1.pnt to Paint1 (1).png
#Rename Paint1 (2).png to Paint1.png
#Restart FlightGear

===Modify livery===
*The *.psd layers of the wavevom livery are available [http://2rowdy.aacity.net/FG/Paintkit%20Learjet%2035a.zip Paintkit Learjet35a.zip] (zipped file)
*If you have Gimp, Paint dot net or Photoshop you can open and edit the layers of the file.
*Save the modified file as a flat non-transparent (24 bits) png image with name: Paint1.png.
*Place the file in the Models directory after making a backup of the original Paint1.png file.

==Development status/Issues/Todo==
*Development has taken a different turn. In short, we will use the aircraft files, but we will completely redo them as like making a new aircraft. So, new interior, new exterior, new systems, new instruments etc etc.

==Updates==
===Version 20120130===
*FC-530 behavior
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] installed
*MFD and NAV view
*Reversers possible below decision height
*Contrails and smoketrails
*Overspeed and Ceiling don't stop AP
*Engine maintenance (Turbine<=>Fan)

===Version 20111222===
* N1 0...110% with the risk of blowing up the engine
* Thrust at N1 101% 3500 lbs
* Changed engine sounds
* Wind with landing gear and flaps
* Stall warning
* Overspeed warning
* Caution sound
* Engine start and shutdown sounds
* Yasim wing sweep correct
* Panel N1 and ITT now in real range with real colours (but in bars and not dials)
* Different MK VIII setting
* Limits and warnings on N1, spoilerons and flaps *2, reversers, engines out, stall and overspeed. Some will cause the warning sound, some will shut down the AP, some just tell the aircraft has broken up into fragments.
* [[Instant Replay]]
* Aircraft help
* Micro HUD
* Prepared for FG 2.6.0

===Version 20111111===
* Remodel Yasim according to drawings.
* Two tip tanks, two wing tanks and one fuselage tank.
* Corrected empty weight.
* Increased power at altitude.
* Separate Instruments 3-d no longer needed.
* Completely different flight behaviour, less predictable, more fun, more real.
* Animated reversers.
* Correct flap angles.
* AP Low bank functional.
* Limits implemented.
* N1 and N2 tweaked to almost real.
===From v2009 to v2011-10-21===
* Fuel-load 2 x 465.5 Gallons.
* Thrust 3500
* tsfc (fuel consumption) 0.504
* Autopilot climb attitude from 3.5 to 7.1
* Altitude was system [[altitude]], corrected to indicated altitude.
* Livery shadow fixed.
* Autopilot Y/D now functional.
* DC-550 a bit more visible.
* Removal of non available animations.
* Clean-up of obsolete and redundant files.

==Related content==
* [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]; the Citation has the same panel. Some great hints and tips can be found there.

==External links==
*[http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=13256&p=134319#p134319 Discussion thread on the Flightgear Forum.]
*[http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=265 Learjet on airliners.net]
*[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_content.jsp?channel=bca&id=xml/bca_xml/2010/09/01/BC_09_01_2010_p80-249555.xml&headline=Learjet+35+Series+Aircraft Learjet on aviatonweek.com]
*[http://www.businessjet.com/Aircraft_Data/Learjet35.php Learjet on businessjet.com]
*[http://www.aviastar.org/air/usa/learjet-35.php Learjet on Aviastarr.org]
*[http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_lear35_en.php Learjet and great pictures on flugzeuginfo.net]
*[http://www.spyflight.co.uk/learjet.htm Some lesser known facts about the Learjet on spyflight.co.uk]
*[http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-07012010-31295010054285/unrestricted/31295010054285.pdf Thesis: Gates Learjet Corporation - Production Facilities - by Rick.J.Denzer Dec 10 1981](pdf) Also contains a detailed history of the corporation.

{{Appendix}}

{{bombardier}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Business Jet]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

File:Learjet35banner.png

2012-02-19T09:55:17Z

PH-JBO:

Learjet 35-A

2012-02-18T12:34:50Z

PH-JBO: /* Stall behaviour */

{{infobox Aircraft
|name = Learjet 35A
|image = Learjet 35-A Wavevom.jpg
|alt =
|type = Business Jet
|livery = Wavevom (based on NASA)
|authors = Xsaint,PH-JBO
|version = 20120130p
|fdm = YASim
|fgname = Learjet2
|download = http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip
|development =
|status-fdm = 4
|status-systems = 3
|status-cockpit = 4
|status-model = 3
}}

{{Cquote|'''Nothing else can take you there faster, on less fuel. Absolutely nothing.'''

It's a incontrovertible fact. ''The Learjet 35A covers more miles in less time on less fuel than any other business jet.''

Period.

In fact, even ''slower'' jets consume more fuel than the Learjet 35A. The [[Cessna 550 Citation II|Cessna Citation S/II]], for example, takes about 15 minutes longer than the Learjet to complete a typical 500-n.m. mission at high-speed cruise--and gulps down 100 ponds more fuel in the process.

No other aircraft offers a better blend of speed, efficiency, and versatility than the Learjet 35A.

Ask the U.S. Airforce. Before selecting a manufacturer for their C-21 utility jet, they conducted a four-month comparison of contenders. When it was over, the choice was clear. The USAF ordered 80 Learjets.|Flight International (advertising of Gates Learjet)<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%202071.html Flight International, 22 June 1985, page 33, advertising of Gates Learjet]</ref>}}
The '''Learjet 35-A''' is not included with the [[FlightGear]] base package nor is it available from the [http://www.flightgear.org/download/aircraft-v2-4/ Central FlightGear Hangar].

This aircraft, in FlightGear, is a creation of xsaint. Copyright info (from learjet-set.xml): '''''Learjet 35A Feb 2009 Xsaint , based on Syd's Bravo FDM()'''''. Its tweaked by PH-JBO 2011-12-22. Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

History and technical details of the Learjet 35 can be found on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35 Wikipedia] with links towards the Learjet and Bombardier history.

==Installation==
# Download the aircraft from here:  [http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip Download LJ35A]
# Place the Lear2 directory and files in your Aircraft directory.
*If you have previously installed the Learjet please remove it from the Aircraft directory. FlightGear will otherwise get confused.
*The pre-previous version required a custom Instruments-3d, if you still have that on your hard drive, pls remove it.

==Impressions==
'''Positive'''
*This Learjet is at this moment (2011-08-25) the only business jet in FlightGear with a predictable autopilot (as far as I know).
*Despite the oddities, this aircraft is perfect to practice [[IFR]] flight, [[radio navigation]] and [[ILS]] approaches.
*It has the mild character of an airliner, combined with the umph of a fighter jet. So it's perfect as a trainer for both types of aircraft.
*There are not a gazillion buttons to press, perfect for lazy pilots that want mileage.
*It is a beast to fly. It is possible to take off from a postagestamp, pull up like a rocket and land on a dime.
This aircraft needs more pilots! (and positive reviews)

'''Negative'''
*The interior is not of a Learjet, the instruments were designed for the [[Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The looks and animations of the aircraft is not sleek and finished.

=== Oddities ===
For this aircraft but perhaps also for other aircraft with this setup. Some oddities are probably on-purpose.

*The [[ADF]] frequency in the cockpit is not in sync with the Radio window.
*[[NDB]] beacons can be entered as NAV1 or NAV2. That's a big positive! They will give distance but no radial for the autopilot.
*If changing course (radial) in the Radio Window be sure to press '''apply''' to feed the Primus. For the other values the apply key isn't needed.
*If FMS is used once, the Primus will get confused and ILS beacons will not show the glidescope.
*In the Autopilot Pitch (VNAV) and V/S do not work as expected.
*If the Autopilot is turned on it will also turn on a vertical control, Pitch, V/S or Altitude depending on what is pre-selected. Standard is Pitch.
*I have not discovered any effect from the Roll Knob.
*NAV2 can only be used for reference. It can not be used for radial navigation.
*The compass is b0rken. It has a strange deviation and can not be set with Instrument settings. The compass shows Magnetic, the NAV (also when an NDB has been entered) indicators True, the ADF indicator Magnetic, the course deviation bars show Magnetic, extremely confusing. Since the course bars show Magnetic, VOR navigation (Autopilot) is also done with Magnetic. If this is true for this aircraft it probably is true for all Primus 1000 aircraft.

==Technical==
===V speeds===
{|
|V<sub>A</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] (use autopilot above to manoeuvre)
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> ||= 129 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 8<sup>o</sup>||= 119 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 20<sup>o</sup> ||= 115 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 40<sup>o</sup> ||= 109 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>C</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] at FL410
|-
|V<sub>S1</sub> (clean) ||= 96 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>S0</sub> (landing)||= 87 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCA</sub> || = 112 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCG</sub> || = 103 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 350 [[KIAS]] above FL80
|-
|M<sub>MO</sub> ||= 0.82 Mach
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 300 [[KIAS]] below FL80
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>8<sup>o</sup> ||= 198 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>20<sup>o</sup>||= 183 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>40<sup>o</sup>||= 153 [[KIAS]]
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 4800 feet (ISA)
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 6300 feet (elevation 5000 feet)
|-
|Field length (landing) ||= 3075 feet
|}
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) may be extended up to V<sub>MO</sub> provided flaps are not extended, or while on ground during landing.
[[V speeds]] based on typical load.

(FL = [[flight level]])
====Landing speeds====
{|
|Weight x 1000|| 10||11||12||13||14||15||'''15.3'''||<del>16</del>||<del>17</del>||<del>18.3</del>||lb
|-
|Speeds ↓
|-
|Vref & LDG Climb|| 105||110||115||119||123||127||'''129'''||131||135||140||[[KIAS]]
|-
|Appr & Climb||111||116||121||126||130||134||'''136'''||138||142||147||[[KIAS]]
|}

===Dimensions and weight===
{|
|'''Gates Learjet 35A - Technical Data'''
|-
|Specification || Metric|| Imperial
|-
|Length || 14.83 m || 48 ft 8"
|-
|Wing span (over tanks) || 12.04 m || 39 ft 6"
|-
|Height || 3.73 m || 12 ft 3"
|-
|Weight (empty) || 4,590 kg || 10,120 lb
|-
|Max. take-off weight || 8,235 kg || 18,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing weight || 6,940 kg || 15,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing tip-fuel weight || 420 kg || 925 lb
|-
|Max. fuel load || 3,524 l|| 931 Gallons
|-
|Max. level speed [[TAS]]|| 872 km/h (7,620 m) || 542 mph (25,000 ft)
|-
|Max. climb rate || 1,451 m/min || 4,760 ft/min
|-
|Max. service ceiling || 13,715 m (approx.) || 45,000 ft (approx.)
|}
{|
|Power plant ||2 x Garrett TFE731-2-2B Turbofan
|-
|Power plant output|| 2 x 3,500 Thrust (dry)[lbf]
|-
|Fuel consumption ||2 x 0,504 SFC (dry) [lb/lbf hr]
|-
|Range ||2789 NM
|-
|Max. time full-throttle || 5 mins
|-
|Max. occupancy || 2 x crew, 8 x passengers
|}

In FlightGear the limits are more flexible as the real thing. If you would cross over limitations in reality the thing would go poof.
*The data gathered is not guaranteed to be 100% accurate, some sources contradict each other. The most probable reason is that many aircraft have been refitted and improved (wing-tips, undercarriage, fuel tip) and often models are mixed (C21, 36, 35A etc).

== Aircraft configuration ==
Please note. Despite best efforts the description does not depict the real aircraft. If you have one of the real things, call me, I'd love to hop aboard, but use the Flight Manual for your planning.
=== Fuel system ===
This Learjet is equipped with five fuel tanks. The two characteristic tip tanks, two wing tanks and one tank in the fuselage. The tanks are filled from the tip tanks and during filling the fuel is distributed by gravity. This means that after filling each tank has the same percentage of fuel.

All weight above 13,500 lbs should be wing and tip tank fuel.

The flight characteristics are negatively influenced by the tip tanks (Dutch roll and front weight) that is why it is common to burn the tip tanks first.

From Equipment=>Fuel and Payload it is possible to open or close a tank.

There is only one type of jet fuel in FlightGear. To go from Gallons to pounds, multiply with 6.72 .

#Calculate from your planning the amount of fuel needed.
##:1st hour 223 Gallon
##:2nd hour 194 Gallon
##:3rd hour 164 Gallon
##:4th hour 134 Gallon
##For flights less then two hours fill the tanks to the max. landing weight (15,300lb) then add the amount of expected fuel burn. (i.e. for a two hour flight fill to 15,300 lb, then add 223+194 Gallons)
##Make sure there is a reserve of at least 90 Gallons in each wing that can be used for a go-around procedure.
#Load the amount of fuel using Equipment=>Fuel and payload. Made sure the sliders are above each other so to simulate gravity.
#Before taking off close the wing and fuselage tanks keeping only the tip tanks open.
#After approx an hour into the flight open the fuselage tank.
#After another half hour open the two wing tanks.
#Just before approach check the content of the tip tanks. If a tank holds more as 138 Gallons jettison (empty) the tip tanks. Else they could snap off during landing.
There is an upgrade kit available to increase the length of the tip tanks giving a longer range of the aircraft.

===Altitude and flight planning===
*Flight duration 1 hour, fly between FL300 and FL330.
*Flight duration 2 hours, fly between FL330 and FL370.
*Flight duration 3 hours, fly between FL370 and FL400.
*Flight duration 4 hours, fly between FL400 and FL430.

=== Engines ===
The engines can take N1 105% for about 5 seconds before you will have to replace them. They can take N1 103% for about 5 minutes which is just sufficient for an emergency ascend to FL180. Continues power is possible at N1 101.5% but it's best is to keep at or below 100%. Optimal cruise and climb, lowest fuel burn, is at N1 85%.

N1 63% gives about 210 [[KIAS]] at FL 250, N1 73% gives about 250 [[KIAS]].

===Flaps and brakes===
The flaps have three settings.
#8<sup>o</sup> makes the wings more efficient and provides a good deal of additional lift. It does not slow down the aircraft much. To make the aircraft take off easier, reducing the need for new tires, this setting is used. If you are sure to stay below 200 knots during VFR flight, touring over the country side, the throttle has more grain giving perfect control during slow, low level flight. The Learjet 35-A is certified for VFR flight.
#20<sup>o</sup> gives enough drag to slow down an aircraft. It also makes the wings more efficient during take off and this setting should be used with heavy loaded aircraft.
#40<sup>o</sup> is almost like a handbrake on your car. The aircraft wants to make a full stop on this setting. It provides some additional lift and should be used during take-off with with MTOW but be sure to shift to a lower setting as soon as possible. With this setting you can perform an emergency descent with a negative pitch of up to 40. During landing you will have to set N1 between 60...80% to prevent stalling. With higher speeds the aircraft will have an extreme pitch behaviour.
*The three settings are sufficient for normal use however there is an upgrade kit available giving a notch at 15 and 30. This makes the aircraft more flexible as a cargo transporter.
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) can be used at any speed below V<sub>MO</sub>. One thing to remember is, do not combine spoilerons with flaps, except during slowing down on the runway. The flaps want to push down the nose, the spoilerons do not have this effect. Be sure to retract them when you have reached the desired speed.
*Reversers can only be used below decision height and on the ground. If enabled the amount of reverse thrust depends on the throttle. It is advised to keep N1 below 85%. It should not be used below 60 knots with to prevent debris flying around everywhere, even entering the engines. Reversers can be used, on ground, to "powerback" (go backwards), use low thrust and never (ever!) use the brakes, use forward thrust instead. After use of the reversers they must receive an inspection therefore they can only be used once. It is against regulations to use reversers prior to take-off and with touch-and-go landings. It is a known risk that reversers can get stuck in the reverse position. (14 CFR Part 39 Amendment 39-4361; AD 79-08-01 R1 & MIA97FA213) Reversers will reduce the length needed for landing however plan to use a runway with sufficient length without reversers.

===Cockpit and control panel===
This Learjet 35-A has been refitted with the control panel of the [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel|Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The usage and information provided is the same.

Please note that most heading information the Primus 1000 gives is Magnetic except the arrows, those show True. As the deviation-bars also show Magnetic [[radio navigation]] should be based on Magnetic. Since runway headings are based on True they should be corrected for the magnetic deviation before entering this information in the machine. For an ILS there isn't much of a problem since it gives just one radial, but for airfields without an [[ILS]] but with a [[VOR-DME]] the deviation can be well noticeable. The deviation can be retrieved from Equipment => Instrument Settings => HI offset. Add this value to the heading of the runway.
===Autopilot===
Differences from expected behaviour,
*VNAV/Pitch will set climb, level or descend depending on the ''previous'' setting on the Altitude. If you were climbing '''with''' autopilot, Pitch will continue the climb.
*VNAV/Pitch will not be lit on the dashboard.
*VS does not work.
*B/C Back Course does not work.
*V/S Pitch up down does not work.
*Roll Knob does not function.

===Passengers and cargo===
This aircraft is configured for 8 passengers, 6 luxury leather seats, one flight attendant and one flap-down seat. There is room in the front for the luggage of the pilot and co-pilot with a max of 100 lb. Between the wings, just behind the last seats is the cargo hold that has room for 500 lb.

The maximum weight of the aircraft, without fuel, is 13,500 lbs.

It is possible to overload the aircraft with the risk of leaving the undercarriage and tires somewhere on the tarmac. There is an upgrade kit available making it stronger.

If your passengers are claustrophobic advise them to wait for an airliner. The width of the tube is 4.95ft (1,8 meters) and the height is 4.4 ft (1,34 meters) so not much room to take a walk.

The more weight in the back the better, so have your passengers sit from the back to the front.

===Warning systems===
*This aircraft has a [[Ground proximity warning system |MK VIII]] installed. It will callout the height and will give out warnings about flaps, landing gear and when the ground is too close. Most annoying is the alarm sound for lowering the gear.
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] is installed and visible on the MFD. Use the [[Cessna_Citation_Bravo_panel#Console | centre console]] to change visible radar range.
*The FC 530 AP will warn for stall and overspeed.
:*The stall warning will give a high pitch sound. In this simulation there is no stick shaker. The stall warning will shutdown the autopilot and will enable the caution alarm. The stall warning system is not perfectly capable of detecting a stall while banking. Contrary to the real aircraft this simulation does not include a stick push. When the alarm sound the aircraft is in a stall, not nearing a stall.
:*The overspeed alarm sounds like a clicking sound, a reason to slow down quick before the aircraft disintegrates. It will enable the caution alarm. Limitations are:
::*Caution when Mach > 0.74 and no AP
::*Caution when KIAS>300 and ALT < 8,000
::*Caution when KIAS>350 and ALT > 8,000
::*Stick pull KIAS>354 or MACH >0.82
*The Caution alarm sounds like honk honk, silent, silent. It can be stopped after the cause of the alarm has been taken away. Just press the button to shut it off. Check the aircraft limits when the cause of the alarm is unknown.
*The autopilot will also shutdown in the following events: G-forces over the limit or engines have stopped.

===Stall behaviour===
When the speed is reduced the Lear will nose-dive before there is a stall. If you fight that behaviour, pull up, you will find that a stall without flaps can cause loss of control diving left or right to start a spin. With flaps you can steer left and right without loosing control sinking at an extreme rate. To get out of a stall the easiest steps are to give max power and lower nose. With one engine down however max power will worsen the situation so lower nose to pick up speed, get control back and then increase thrust slowly. Stall character of the Learjet 35-A is described as very mild.

===Flight characteristics===
The Learjet loves to go up, it loves to go down. But it doesn't like level flight. The Autopilot has a Yaw Damper function to help level flight. Heavy tip tanks combined with low speeds can cause a Dutch Roll, it will make your passengers sick and can,in extremes, cause loss of control.

This machine is build to be happy above FL390, it's possible to fly [[KTAS]] 471 keeping N1 at 100%. Below FL390 the engines are not strong enough. The ceiling at 45,000 is for the standard machine, for research aircraft have been fitted with better seals keeping the cabin pressurized at higher altitudes.

Above 220 [[KIAS]] and/or above FL180 the aircraft should be flown with Autopilot since the slightest stick movements, above that speed, can cause scary things.

There are some things you should not do,
*Give full throttle with one engine down when the aircraft is near a stall during landing. (The aircraft will be pushed to one side)
*Set the altimeter to the wrong [[QNH]], mistaking a 2 with a 3. (The aircraft can be a 1000 feet lower as expected).
*Set the autopilot to an undefined high (twist the button) and then forget to set it correctly. (Making the aircraft fly too high, loosing pressure and oxygen making the aircraft fly a long way on autopilot before the engines shut down due to loss of fuel)
*Fly near the Falklands during a war. (The British might use you for target practice)

==Procedure flight==
=== Startup ===
#Fuel up the machine.
#Check brakes are ON.
#Check flaps are retracted.
#Check spoilerons are retracted.
#Check trim is centred.
#Throttle on 0, the machine will auto-throttle during start-up.
# Start the engines:
#* Manual:
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to ON.
##Avionics Power.
###Switch to INV 1.
###Right switch to ON.
##Ignition switches (LH and RH) to NORM.
##Click LM button on Engine Start (LH light will light up while revving up, wait till the light is off).
##Click RH button on Engine Start (RH light will light up while revving up).
##Check if the engines are running, N1 should hover around 50%.
##Switch L GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch R GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to OFF.
##Click the Master Warning Reset button to acknowledge the warning.
##Exterior Lights COLL to AMT.
##Exterior Lights NAV to UP.
#* Or use the Autostart option.
#Close the wing tanks and the fuselage tank.
#If the outside temperature is below -25<sup>o</sup> idle engines for at least three minutes.
#Tune to ATIS and set ALT to [[QNH]] by turning the BARO knob below the display.
# Pre-set the autopilot.
## Open Autopilot=>Autopilot settings.
## Click HDG (or NAV) and ALT to arm the Autopilot.
## Enter the heading in the HDG BUG box.
## Enter 39,000 in the ALT SET box.
#Release the brakes, give some throttle and go to runway start.

=== Take off and Ascend ===

# At runway start,
## Check spoilerons, flaps, trim, brake.
## Give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps (or more with loads MTOW, or short runways).
## Release brakes.
## Give throttle, keep N1 below 103% but above 95% (105% will kill the engine)
## While accelerating on the runway increase N1 when possible.
## Push yokes a bit down, specially with sidewind.
## Pull the jokes at V<sub>R</sub>.
## Rotate to 14 degrees.
## Check N1
# Speed is above 170 [[KIAS]]
## Retract landing gear.
## Retract flaps.
# Above 3000 feet [[AGL]].
## Set N1 to 85%.
## Turn.
## Trim to keep speed between 190 and 220 [[KIAS]].
## Slowly reduce the attitude to 7 degrees.
# At reaching 18,000 feet, (about 5 mins after takeoff).
## Enable the Autopilot, centre and release the yokes ("5").
## Click STD to set the [[altimeter]] to [[pressure altitude]].
## Check N1.
# After reaching FL 390, (about 16 mins after takeoff).
## Enable Low Bank in the autopilot.
## Let the aircraft gain some speed till above 200 [[KIAS]].
## Set the [[altitude]] to 41,000 feet.
# It takes about 18 minutes, 90 NM miles and 65 Gallons of fuel to reach FL 410.
## At 41,000 feet let the aircraft gain speed to near 220 [[KIAS]] which takes about 4 mins.
## Set IAS to 220 in the autopilot to prevent overspeed.
## If needed to go higher wait till the speed is above 200 and set altitude bug.

Alternative, when there are obstacles (mountains) near:
:# At takeoff rotate to 14 degrees.
:# When speed has picked to above 160 rotate to 20 degrees.
:# Retract landing gear.
:# When speed is above 170 [[KIAS]] retract flaps.
:# When you are above safety altitude reduce N1 to 85% and do as described above.

=== Level flight ===
At an [[altitude]] of 41,000 feet and with an [[airspeed]] of 220 knots (=N1 85%) you get a groundspeed of about 420 knots. This is the most economical speed and height for this aircraft. At 41,000 feet you can push it to an airspeed of near 240 knots, giving 460 [[KTAS]], but that will hit the envelope of this aircraft.

Monitor the amount of fuel in the tiptanks. If a tiptank is below 100 Gallons open up the fuselage tank. If the fuselage tank is below 100 Gallons open up both wing tanks. The centre of gravity will move to the back of the aircraft reducing drag.

Fly your course using the [[Radio beacons]] you can find. Intercept radials on [[NAV1]].
*Use the Display Controller (DC-550) to the left of the Display.
**The left bearing knob (BRG O) will show the direction of NAV1 or the [[ADF]].
**The right bearing knob (BRG <> ) will show the direction of NAV2 or the ADF.
**The NAV button will switch between NAV1 or NAV2 (or ILS 1 and 2) and will display the set Radial.
***Avoid using FMS. Do not use NAV2 for automated flight.
*Use the Autopilot Window to set the heading bug.
If a [[VOR]] has no reception it will show North. If the ADF has no reception it will show Up (tricky).

=== Descend ===
# At a (radial) distance of about 115 NM start your descent towards the runway (assuming RW elevation of near zero [[AMSL]], if the RW is higher you can descent later). The sink rate will be about 1970 ft/min.
# Set the altitude to 10,000 [[AGL]] (so if the runway has an elevation of 1245 feet set to 11,245 feet), set speed to 170 [[KIAS]], engines will run idle . While descending it is possible to fly very very fast at the cost of a large amount of fuel and with the risk of overspeed.
# The autopilot has been tuned to give a glidepath of a bit more as 3 degrees.
# At FL 180 set the [[altimeter]] to [[QNH]]. Disable Low Bank. Set the [[heading bug]] to the current course towards the runway.
# Set the runway heading into the Radial of Nav 1 of the radio and set the frequency of the [[ILS]].
# At 10,000 [[AGL]] the distance to the runways should be about 30 NM. If needed use the spoilerons to slow down to increase sinkrate.
# Descend to 1,500 feet [[AGL]] and aim to intercept the radial of the ILS at about 7...5 NM away from the runway. While making turns you can go to a speed of 240 [[KIAS]]. Use spoilerons to slow down.
# Hit NAV to intercept the radial.
# Slow down to 170 [[KIAS]], retract spoilerons, give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.

You can only intercept the ILS radial if you are nearer as approx 40 NM of the runway. A speed below 170 [[KIAS]] can cause the aircraft to sink during high bank turns.

{| border="1" style="text-align:right"
|+Cheatsheet 3 degrees altitude/distance
!altitude ||1||1.5||2||2.5||3||3.5||4||6||10||20||30||feet
|-
|distance||3.1||4.7||6.3||7.8||9.4||11.0||12.6||18||31||63||94||NM
|}
( ALT(ft) * 1000 / 318.12 = Dist(NM) )

=== Landing ===
The [[ILS]] takes away the need for horizontal control. To stay inside the [[glidescope]] it is needed to change pitch (yokes) and speed (autopilot). The ILS won't work below decision height (200 feet [[AGL]]).

The intention is to slow as much as possible, but with sufficient control for a go-around.

#Calculate Vref (see table above).
#At a distance of 4.7 NM (attitude 1500 feet) you should intercept the glidescope on the ILS. Due to mountains or weather reception of the ILS can be hindered, the gildescope can also be caught at 1000 feet and 3.1 NM.
#The speed is 170 [[KIAS]] with 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, flying on the radial.
#At one degree below glidescope (the green dot is on the dot above centre).
##Speedbug at Vref KIAS.
##20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
##Close the autopilot window.
##Hit APPR to catch the glidescope.
#:*If the glidescope is not shown on the ILS, reset Altitude on the Autopilot to "0" (zero).
#The nose will dive down, pull it up slowly so that the aircraft remains about horizontal.
#Pull up nose when too low, decrease speed when too high but keep the speed above Vref KIAS.
#Aim to a sinkrate of 400...700 feet/min
#At the 1000 mark check tiptanks and weight, jettison fuel if needed.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup>, the engines will give more power.
#At the 500 mark deploy landing gear.
#At decision height (set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown, stallwarning-system is disabled.
#Prepare to do a go-around is visibility is insufficient.
#At runway threshold set power to idle.
#Land the aircraft on two wheels, nose up, and correct for winds.
#On nose touchdown enable spoilerons (Ctrl-B), deploy reversers (DEL) and give max. power.
#Below 60 knots, set throttle to idle, stow the reversers.
#Hit the parking brake (SHIFT-B) to make a full stop.
#Take a deep breath.

Park the aircraft.

====Non-precision Approach====
# 7+ NM from RW: 180...165 [[KIAS]], flaps up, gear up.
# 7...5 NM from RW, aligned at 1,500 [[AGL]]: Vref + 30 KIAS, 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, descend if required.
# 5...1 NM from RW, descending: Vref + 20 KIAS, 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
# 500 feet AGL: 40<sup>o</sup> flaps, N1 up, gear down.
# Threshold: Vref KIAS.

=== Shutdown ===
Reverse the [[Learjet 35-A#Startup|startup procedure]] described earlier.
===Eating a bird===
At lower altitudes an engine can eat a bird and shutdown.

Flying with one engine down is good possible however,
*double the runway length, for both take-off and landing
*half the rotation, half the climb
*half the cruise altitude
*do not use AP during climb
Landing is described at [[#Landing, one engine out| Landing, one engine out]].

==Flight school==
Some things a pilot should be able to perform so find a nice long runway with an [[ILS]] and ask permission from ATC to do some practising. Keep the tarmac clean and don't scare the neighbours by crashing.
===Restart engines===
Since there is a risk that fuel runs out, forgetting to open up the fuselage or wing tanks.
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 200 [[KIAS]]
#Shutdown both tip tanks to force engine shutdown.
#Open up fuel tanks.
#Restart engines.
===Stall - clean===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 [[KIAS]].
#Disable speed bug (autopilot SPD).
#Set throttle to idle.
#Take the yokes.
#Keep the aircraft from sinking by pulling the yokes gently.
#Ignore the lower-gear warning.
#At stall warning, full throttle, give flaps. Only lower nose if needed to take away stall symptoms (banking).
#Let the aircraft pickup speed and when above minimums enable autopilot again. Have the yokes centred before enabling the autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 KIAS.
#Set 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Set speedbug to Vref KIAS.
#Set 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Lower gear.
#Below Vref + 25 set full flaps.
#Use pitch (yokes) to get a '''stable''' sinkrate between 400...700 feet/min at Vref [[KIAS]].
#Disable the speedbug, do not change throttle.
#Pull nose to get to a level flight. Pull more when sinking again.
#At stall warning max power, lower nose if needed.
#At positive rate of climb pull up gear.
#Set a pitch of 14 degrees. Retract flaps, centre yokes and enable autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration, one engine out===
Perform the same stall but this time shutdown one engine and keep flaps at 20.

===Landing, one engine out===
As a normal [[#Landing|landing]] but with the following critical differences.
#Set speed to Vref +20 and don't go below that. Use pitch only to control glidescope.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup> at 100...150 AGL (not earlier), immediately idle the left-over engine, land. Do not use reversers...
#There should be sufficient speed and power for a controlled go-around.
#After landing you can use the left-over engine to push the aircraft to the parking place.
Touch-and-go is not possible. Required RW length is double. When the speed is too low a power-up, for a go-around or to prevent a full stall, will push the aircraft uncontrollable to one side. This manoeuvre should be practised on a virtual runway well above the real one before attempting this on hard tarmac.

===Go-around===
This procedure (Go-around, Missed approach) should be practised and should be applied when visibility is insufficient for a landing. Practice on a virtual runway a few 100's feet above the real runway. This procedure works for normal landings and with one engine out.
#At decision height (200 feet [[AGL]], set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown and the stall warning will be disabled.
#The [[indicated airspeed]] should be just above Vref or Vref + 20 with one engine out. AP should be off.
#Give max throttle (keep N1 below 103.5%).
#Rotate to 7 degrees.
#Check vertical speed.
#With positive rate of climb, retract gear.
#Call [[ATC]].
#Centre trim.
#Above V<sub>r</sub> retract flaps.
#Reset AP.
#Rotate to 14 degrees until above 3000 feet.
You should have 180 Gallons left in the wings to go-around or to find another runway nearby.

==Tweaking aircraft files==
===Change livery ===
[[File:Learjet35_01.jpg|250px|thumb|Waves Livery]]
The livery can not be changed as easy as with other aircraft.
#Locate in the directory Models the files Paint1.png and Paint1 (2).png
#Rename Paint1.pnt to Paint1 (1).png
#Rename Paint1 (2).png to Paint1.png
#Restart FlightGear

===Modify livery===
*The *.psd layers of the wavevom livery are available [http://2rowdy.aacity.net/FG/Paintkit%20Learjet%2035a.zip Paintkit Learjet35a.zip] (zipped file)
*If you have Gimp, Paint dot net or Photoshop you can open and edit the layers of the file.
*Save the modified file as a flat non-transparent (24 bits) png image with name: Paint1.png.
*Place the file in the Models directory after making a backup of the original Paint1.png file.

==Development status/Issues/Todo==
*Development has taken a different turn. In short, we will use the aircraft files, but we will completely redo them as like making a new aircraft. So, new interior, new exterior, new systems, new instruments etc etc.

==Updates==
===Version 20120130===
*FC-530 behavior
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] installed
*MFD and NAV view
*Reversers possible below decision height
*Contrails and smoketrails
*Overspeed and Ceiling don't stop AP
*Engine maintenance (Turbine<=>Fan)

===Version 20111222===
* N1 0...110% with the risk of blowing up the engine
* Thrust at N1 101% 3500 lbs
* Changed engine sounds
* Wind with landing gear and flaps
* Stall warning
* Overspeed warning
* Caution sound
* Engine start and shutdown sounds
* Yasim wing sweep correct
* Panel N1 and ITT now in real range with real colours (but in bars and not dials)
* Different MK VIII setting
* Limits and warnings on N1, spoilerons and flaps *2, reversers, engines out, stall and overspeed. Some will cause the warning sound, some will shut down the AP, some just tell the aircraft has broken up into fragments.
* [[Instant Replay]]
* Aircraft help
* Micro HUD
* Prepared for FG 2.6.0

===Version 20111111===
* Remodel Yasim according to drawings.
* Two tip tanks, two wing tanks and one fuselage tank.
* Corrected empty weight.
* Increased power at altitude.
* Separate Instruments 3-d no longer needed.
* Completely different flight behaviour, less predictable, more fun, more real.
* Animated reversers.
* Correct flap angles.
* AP Low bank functional.
* Limits implemented.
* N1 and N2 tweaked to almost real.
===From v2009 to v2011-10-21===
* Fuel-load 2 x 465.5 Gallons.
* Thrust 3500
* tsfc (fuel consumption) 0.504
* Autopilot climb attitude from 3.5 to 7.1
* Altitude was system [[altitude]], corrected to indicated altitude.
* Livery shadow fixed.
* Autopilot Y/D now functional.
* DC-550 a bit more visible.
* Removal of non available animations.
* Clean-up of obsolete and redundant files.

==Related content==
* [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]; the Citation has the same panel. Some great hints and tips can be found there.

==External links==
*[http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=13256&p=134319#p134319 Discussion thread on the Flightgear Forum.]
*[http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=265 Learjet on airliners.net]
*[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_content.jsp?channel=bca&id=xml/bca_xml/2010/09/01/BC_09_01_2010_p80-249555.xml&headline=Learjet+35+Series+Aircraft Learjet on aviatonweek.com]
*[http://www.businessjet.com/Aircraft_Data/Learjet35.php Learjet on businessjet.com]
*[http://www.aviastar.org/air/usa/learjet-35.php Learjet on Aviastarr.org]
*[http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_lear35_en.php Learjet and great pictures on flugzeuginfo.net]
*[http://www.spyflight.co.uk/learjet.htm Some lesser known facts about the Learjet on spyflight.co.uk]
*[http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-07012010-31295010054285/unrestricted/31295010054285.pdf Thesis: Gates Learjet Corporation - Production Facilities - by Rick.J.Denzer Dec 10 1981](pdf) Also contains a detailed history of the corporation.

{{Appendix}}

{{bombardier}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Business Jet]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

Suggested Flights

2012-02-15T08:19:45Z

PH-JBO: /* Origin of the Amazon River */ minor formatting

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

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=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-O09.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403]]
* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
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===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
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==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as Flight Gear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
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===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
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==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
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==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
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==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
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==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
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==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
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==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
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==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

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===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
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==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
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==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4000 to a max of 8930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
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==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176°.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250°. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16,000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14,422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250°. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19,000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18,362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19,872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19,101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2°. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8,405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11,405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11,405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
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=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
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=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
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==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==

[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

Suggested Flights

2012-02-14T21:36:41Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-O09.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403]]
* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as Flight Gear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
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==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4000 to a max of 8930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
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==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176 (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
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=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
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=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==

[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

FlightGear Newsletter February 2012

2012-02-14T21:06:28Z

PH-JBO: /* Suggested flights */

Suggested Flights

2012-02-14T21:01:56Z

PH-JBO: /* Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca */ added map, minor changes in txt, preparing for newsletter

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-O09.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403]]
* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as Flight Gear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
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===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
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==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4000 to a max of 8930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
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===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
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===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
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==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176 (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==

[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

File:Slcc-sprf.jpg

2012-02-14T20:56:31Z

PH-JBO: slcc to sprf

slcc to sprf

Suggested Flights

2012-02-14T20:08:33Z

PH-JBO: /* Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca */

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-O09.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403]]
* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as Flight Gear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4000 to a max of 8930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.

Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176 (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==

[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-13T23:33:09Z

PH-JBO: /* Past Projects */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.
#[[Suggested_Flights#Kisimayu_to_Kilimanjaro| Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro]] as suggested flight.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

Suggested Flights

2012-02-13T08:34:47Z

PH-JBO: /* Ngorngoro */ added Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-O09.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403]]
* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as Flight Gear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4000 to a max of 8930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It is also a demonstration of [[IFR]] flight towards a fix.

Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311 (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311 and an initial altitude of 13500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352 and set the altitude to 17422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 131. Fly towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352 at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14422 feet and a heading of 297 (30). Our initial altitude has been set 3000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176 (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==

[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-13T08:30:55Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-12T22:59:42Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the coast. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

Some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro. No idea why.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

Suggested Flights

2012-02-12T22:53:38Z

PH-JBO: /* Khorog, Tajikistan */ recording publication

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-O09.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403]]
* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as Flight Gear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:KGCN-001.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:KGCN-002.png|thumb|right|Grand Canyon]]
These airports are in the vicinity of the Grand Canyon. From [[KGCN]] head north. From [[1Z1]] head south. From [[1G4]] head north (I think.) From AZ38 head north.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KGCN-003.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]
[[Image:World-KGCN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 35.952361 Longitude: -112.146972]]
* [[KGCN|KGCN - GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KGCN.pdf chart]
* [[1Z1|1Z1 - GRAND CANYON BAR TEN AIRSTRIP]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1Z1.pdf chart]
* [[1G4|1G4 - GRAND CANYON WEST]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1G4.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KGCN-004.png|thumb|left|Grand Canyon]]

................

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KGCN
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[Image:6WA8-002.png|thumb|left|landing 1]]
[[Image:6WA8-008.png|thumb|right|landing 2]]
Greenwater, WA. This airport is wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon. You definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of here. I'd hate to think about what the wind would do to you in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-6WA8.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 47.01305555 Longitude: -121.534444451]]

* [[6WA8|6WA8 - Ranger Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/6W8A.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:6WA8-009.png|thumb|left|landing 3]]
* [[Piper PA-18 Super Cub|pa 18]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=6WA8 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

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===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at [http://flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=9772 the forums]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4000 to a max of 8930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It is also a demonstration of [[IFR]] flight towards a fix.

Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311 (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311 and an initial altitude of 13500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352 and set the altitude to 17422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 131. Fly towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352 at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14422 feet and a heading of 297 (30). Our initial altitude has been set 3000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176 (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps==
Using the AI subsystem, discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]
== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo]].

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at Lajes Field (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gibraltar==
[[Image:LEMG-010.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LEMG-011.png|thumb|right|just after take off]]
Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. Happy guessing!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LEMG-013.png|thumb|left|search for this]]
[[Image:LEMG-015.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LEMG|LEMG - Malaga]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LEMG.pdf chart]
* [[LXGB|LXGB - Gibraltar]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LXGB.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w010n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==

[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:List]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-12T22:42:17Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the coast. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

Some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro. No idea why.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-12T09:05:32Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the coast. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm (there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

KB has the holding pattern for HTKJ. Imagine the same flight after a few hours flying from Europe. Some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro. No idea why.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-12T09:00:55Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the coast. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm (there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

KB has the holding pattern for HTKJ. Imagine the same flight after a few hours flying from Europe. Some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro. No idea why.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCJi_ZaR8ec

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-12T00:38:14Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the coast. It's unsure what this airfield is used for. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 550 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason. HTKJ has an [[elevation]] of approx 2,900 feet.

Flight Plan:
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268 dist 169 nm.
#AR Arusha [[NDB]] freq 391.0 heading 227 dist 252 nm (there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 97 dist 29 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88 elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

AR has the holding pattern for HTKJ. Imagine the same flight after a few hours flying from Europe. Some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro. No idea why.

hehe, crashed testing.

From approach chard: Kilimanjaro NDB freq 293 ? as holding pattern, must check.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCJi_ZaR8ec

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-12T00:29:11Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the coast. It's unsure what this airfield is used for. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 550 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason. HTKJ has an [[elevation]] of approx 2,900 feet.

Flight Plan:
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268 dist 169 nm.
#AR Arusha [[NDB]] freq 391.0 heading 227 dist 252 nm (there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 97 dist 29 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88 elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

AR has the holding pattern for HTKJ. Imagine the same flight after a few hours flying from Europe. Some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro. No idea why.

hehe, crashed testing.

From approach chard: Kilimanjaro NDB freq 293 ? as holding pattern, must check.

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-11T20:48:08Z

PH-JBO: /* Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the coast. It's unsure what this airfield is used for. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 550 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason. HTKJ has an [[elevation]] of approx 2,900 feet.

Flight Plan:
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268 dist 169 nm.
#AR Arusha [[NDB]] freq 391.0 heading 227 dist 252 nm (there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 97 dist 29 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88 elev 2,900 ft length 11,807 ft[[AMSL]].

Some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro. No idea why.

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-11T20:43:18Z

PH-JBO: /* sandbox */ kilimanjaro

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
====Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro====
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the coast. It's unsure what this airfield is used for. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 550 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason. HTKJ has an [[elevation]] of approx 2,900 feet.

Flight Plan:
#HCMK Kisimayu no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268 dist 169 nm
#AR Arusha [[NDB]] freq 391.0 heading 227 dist 252 nm (there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 feet] reason for this detour)
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 97 dist 29 nm
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88 elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]]

Some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro. No idea why.

===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-02-07T21:14:26Z

PH-JBO: /* Learjet 35-A */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)
:*Texture for 3 types of VSI.
:*Texture for AP, annunciators and reversers
:*Texture for primary engine indicators.

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]

Learjet 35-A

2012-01-31T20:23:06Z

PH-JBO: /* Development status/Issues/Todo */

{{infobox Aircraft
|name = Learjet 35A
|image = Learjet 35-A Wavevom.jpg
|alt =
|type = Business Jet
|livery = Wavevom (based on NASA)
|authors = Xsaint,PH-JBO
|version = 20120130p
|fdm = YASim
|fgname = Learjet2
|download = http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip
|development =
|status-fdm = 4
|status-systems = 3
|status-cockpit = 4
|status-model = 3
}}

{{Cquote|'''Nothing else can take you there faster, on less fuel. Absolutely nothing.'''

It's a incontrovertible fact. ''The Learjet 35A covers more miles in less time on less fuel than any other business jet.''

Period.

In fact, even ''slower'' jets consume more fuel than the Learjet 35A. The [[Cessna 550 Citation II|Cessna Citation S/II]], for example, takes about 15 minutes longer than the Learjet to complete a typical 500-n.m. mission at high-speed cruise--and gulps down 100 ponds more fuel in the process.

No other aircraft offers a better blend of speed, efficiency, and versatility than the Learjet 35A.

Ask the U.S. Airforce. Before selecting a manufacturer for their C-21 utility jet, they conducted a four-month comparison of contenders. When it was over, the choice was clear. The USAF ordered 80 Learjets.|Flight International (advertising of Gates Learjet)<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%202071.html Flight International, 22 June 1985, page 33, advertising of Gates Learjet]</ref>}}
The '''Learjet 35-A''' is not included with the [[FlightGear]] base package nor is it available from the [http://www.flightgear.org/download/aircraft-v2-4/ Central FlightGear Hangar].

This aircraft, in FlightGear, is a creation of xsaint. Copyright info (from learjet-set.xml): '''''Learjet 35A Feb 2009 Xsaint , based on Syd's Bravo FDM()'''''. Its tweaked by PH-JBO 2011-12-22. Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

History and technical details of the Learjet 35 can be found on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet_35 Wikipedia] with links towards the Learjet and Bombardier history.

==Installation==
# Download the aircraft from here:  [http://www.aacity.net/2rowdy/FG/20120130p%20Learjet2.zip Download LJ35A]
# Place the Lear2 directory and files in your Aircraft directory.
*If you have previously installed the Learjet please remove it from the Aircraft directory. FlightGear will otherwise get confused.
*The pre-previous version required a custom Instruments-3d, if you still have that on your hard drive, pls remove it.

==Impressions==
'''Positive'''
*This Learjet is at this moment (2011-08-25) the only business jet in FlightGear with a predictable autopilot (as far as I know).
*Despite the oddities, this aircraft is perfect to practice [[IFR]] flight, [[radio navigation]] and [[ILS]] approaches.
*It has the mild character of an airliner, combined with the umph of a fighter jet. So it's perfect as a trainer for both types of aircraft.
*There are not a gazillion buttons to press, perfect for lazy pilots that want mileage.
*It is a beast to fly. It is possible to take off from a postagestamp, pull up like a rocket and land on a dime.
This aircraft needs more pilots! (and positive reviews)

'''Negative'''
*The interior is not of a Learjet, the instruments were designed for the [[Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The looks and animations of the aircraft is not sleek and finished.

=== Oddities ===
For this aircraft but perhaps also for other aircraft with this setup. Some oddities are probably on-purpose.

*The [[ADF]] frequency in the cockpit is not in sync with the Radio window.
*[[NDB]] beacons can be entered as NAV1 or NAV2. That's a big positive! They will give distance but no radial for the autopilot.
*If changing course (radial) in the Radio Window be sure to press '''apply''' to feed the Primus. For the other values the apply key isn't needed.
*If FMS is used once, the Primus will get confused and ILS beacons will not show the glidescope.
*In the Autopilot Pitch (VNAV) and V/S do not work as expected.
*If the Autopilot is turned on it will also turn on a vertical control, Pitch, V/S or Altitude depending on what is pre-selected. Standard is Pitch.
*I have not discovered any effect from the Roll Knob.
*NAV2 can only be used for reference. It can not be used for radial navigation.
*The compass is b0rken. It has a strange deviation and can not be set with Instrument settings. The compass shows Magnetic, the NAV (also when an NDB has been entered) indicators True, the ADF indicator Magnetic, the course deviation bars show Magnetic, extremely confusing. Since the course bars show Magnetic, VOR navigation (Autopilot) is also done with Magnetic. If this is true for this aircraft it probably is true for all Primus 1000 aircraft.

==Technical==
===V speeds===
{|
|V<sub>A</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] (use autopilot above to manoeuvre)
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> ||= 129 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 8<sup>o</sup>||= 119 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 20<sup>o</sup> ||= 115 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>R</sub> 40<sup>o</sup> ||= 109 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>C</sub> ||= 220 [[KIAS]] at FL410
|-
|V<sub>S1</sub> (clean) ||= 96 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>S0</sub> (landing)||= 87 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCA</sub> || = 112 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MCG</sub> || = 103 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 350 [[KIAS]] above FL80
|-
|M<sub>MO</sub> ||= 0.82 Mach
|-
|V<sub>MO</sub> ||= 300 [[KIAS]] below FL80
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>8<sup>o</sup> ||= 198 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>20<sup>o</sup>||= 183 [[KIAS]]
|-
|V<sub>FE</sub>40<sup>o</sup>||= 153 [[KIAS]]
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 4800 feet (ISA)
|-
|Field length (takeoff 8<sup>o</sup>)||= 6300 feet (elevation 5000 feet)
|-
|Field length (landing) ||= 3075 feet
|}
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) may be extended up to V<sub>MO</sub> provided flaps are not extended, or while on ground during landing.
[[V speeds]] based on typical load.

(FL = [[flight level]])
====Landing speeds====
{|
|Weight x 1000|| 10||11||12||13||14||15||'''15.3'''||<del>16</del>||<del>17</del>||<del>18.3</del>||lb
|-
|Speeds ↓
|-
|Vref & LDG Climb|| 105||110||115||119||123||127||'''129'''||131||135||140||[[KIAS]]
|-
|Appr & Climb||111||116||121||126||130||134||'''136'''||138||142||147||[[KIAS]]
|}

===Dimensions and weight===
{|
|'''Gates Learjet 35A - Technical Data'''
|-
|Specification || Metric|| Imperial
|-
|Length || 14.83 m || 48 ft 8"
|-
|Wing span (over tanks) || 12.04 m || 39 ft 6"
|-
|Height || 3.73 m || 12 ft 3"
|-
|Weight (empty) || 4,590 kg || 10,120 lb
|-
|Max. take-off weight || 8,235 kg || 18,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing weight || 6,940 kg || 15,300 lb
|-
|Max. landing tip-fuel weight || 420 kg || 925 lb
|-
|Max. fuel load || 3,524 l|| 931 Gallons
|-
|Max. level speed [[TAS]]|| 872 km/h (7,620 m) || 542 mph (25,000 ft)
|-
|Max. climb rate || 1,451 m/min || 4,760 ft/min
|-
|Max. service ceiling || 13,715 m (approx.) || 45,000 ft (approx.)
|}
{|
|Power plant ||2 x Garrett TFE731-2-2B Turbofan
|-
|Power plant output|| 2 x 3,500 Thrust (dry)[lbf]
|-
|Fuel consumption ||2 x 0,504 SFC (dry) [lb/lbf hr]
|-
|Range ||2789 NM
|-
|Max. time full-throttle || 5 mins
|-
|Max. occupancy || 2 x crew, 8 x passengers
|}

In FlightGear the limits are more flexible as the real thing. If you would cross over limitations in reality the thing would go poof.
*The data gathered is not guaranteed to be 100% accurate, some sources contradict each other. The most probable reason is that many aircraft have been refitted and improved (wing-tips, undercarriage, fuel tip) and often models are mixed (C21, 36, 35A etc).

== Aircraft configuration ==
Please note. Despite best efforts the description does not depict the real aircraft. If you have one of the real things, call me, I'd love to hop aboard, but use the Flight Manual for your planning.
=== Fuel system ===
This Learjet is equipped with five fuel tanks. The two characteristic tip tanks, two wing tanks and one tank in the fuselage. The tanks are filled from the tip tanks and during filling the fuel is distributed by gravity. This means that after filling each tank has the same percentage of fuel.

All weight above 13,500 lbs should be wing and tip tank fuel.

The flight characteristics are negatively influenced by the tip tanks (Dutch roll and front weight) that is why it is common to burn the tip tanks first.

From Equipment=>Fuel and Payload it is possible to open or close a tank.

There is only one type of jet fuel in FlightGear. To go from Gallons to pounds, multiply with 6.72 .

#Calculate from your planning the amount of fuel needed.
##:1st hour 223 Gallon
##:2nd hour 194 Gallon
##:3rd hour 164 Gallon
##:4th hour 134 Gallon
##For flights less then two hours fill the tanks to the max. landing weight (15,300lb) then add the amount of expected fuel burn. (i.e. for a two hour flight fill to 15,300 lb, then add 223+194 Gallons)
##Make sure there is a reserve of at least 90 Gallons in each wing that can be used for a go-around procedure.
#Load the amount of fuel using Equipment=>Fuel and payload. Made sure the sliders are above each other so to simulate gravity.
#Before taking off close the wing and fuselage tanks keeping only the tip tanks open.
#After approx an hour into the flight open the fuselage tank.
#After another half hour open the two wing tanks.
#Just before approach check the content of the tip tanks. If a tank holds more as 138 Gallons jettison (empty) the tip tanks. Else they could snap off during landing.
There is an upgrade kit available to increase the length of the tip tanks giving a longer range of the aircraft.

===Altitude and flight planning===
*Flight duration 1 hour, fly between FL300 and FL330.
*Flight duration 2 hours, fly between FL330 and FL370.
*Flight duration 3 hours, fly between FL370 and FL400.
*Flight duration 4 hours, fly between FL400 and FL430.

=== Engines ===
The engines can take N1 105% for about 5 seconds before you will have to replace them. They can take N1 103% for about 5 minutes which is just sufficient for an emergency ascend to FL180. Continues power is possible at N1 101.5% but it's best is to keep at or below 100%. Optimal cruise and climb, lowest fuel burn, is at N1 85%.

N1 63% gives about 210 [[KIAS]] at FL 250, N1 73% gives about 250 [[KIAS]].

===Flaps and brakes===
The flaps have three settings.
#8<sup>o</sup> makes the wings more efficient and provides a good deal of additional lift. It does not slow down the aircraft much. To make the aircraft take off easier, reducing the need for new tires, this setting is used. If you are sure to stay below 200 knots during VFR flight, touring over the country side, the throttle has more grain giving perfect control during slow, low level flight. The Learjet 35-A is certified for VFR flight.
#20<sup>o</sup> gives enough drag to slow down an aircraft. It also makes the wings more efficient during take off and this setting should be used with heavy loaded aircraft.
#40<sup>o</sup> is almost like a handbrake on your car. The aircraft wants to make a full stop on this setting. It provides some additional lift and should be used during take-off with with MTOW but be sure to shift to a lower setting as soon as possible. With this setting you can perform an emergency descent with a negative pitch of up to 40. During landing you will have to set N1 between 60...80% to prevent stalling. With higher speeds the aircraft will have an extreme pitch behaviour.
*The three settings are sufficient for normal use however there is an upgrade kit available giving a notch at 15 and 30. This makes the aircraft more flexible as a cargo transporter.
*Spoilerons (airbrakes) can be used at any speed below V<sub>MO</sub>. One thing to remember is, do not combine spoilerons with flaps, except during slowing down on the runway. The flaps want to push down the nose, the spoilerons do not have this effect. Be sure to retract them when you have reached the desired speed.
*Reversers can only be used below decision height and on the ground. If enabled the amount of reverse thrust depends on the throttle. It is advised to keep N1 below 85%. It should not be used below 60 knots with to prevent debris flying around everywhere, even entering the engines. Reversers can be used, on ground, to "powerback" (go backwards), use low thrust and never (ever!) use the brakes, use forward thrust instead. After use of the reversers they must receive an inspection therefore they can only be used once. It is against regulations to use reversers prior to take-off and with touch-and-go landings. It is a known risk that reversers can get stuck in the reverse position. (14 CFR Part 39 Amendment 39-4361; AD 79-08-01 R1 & MIA97FA213) Reversers will reduce the length needed for landing however plan to use a runway with sufficient length without reversers.

===Cockpit and control panel===
This Learjet 35-A has been refitted with the control panel of the [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel|Cessna Citation Bravo]]. The usage and information provided is the same.

Please note that most heading information the Primus 1000 gives is Magnetic except the arrows, those show True. As the deviation-bars also show Magnetic [[radio navigation]] should be based on Magnetic. Since runway headings are based on True they should be corrected for the magnetic deviation before entering this information in the machine. For an ILS there isn't much of a problem since it gives just one radial, but for airfields without an [[ILS]] but with a [[VOR-DME]] the deviation can be well noticeable. The deviation can be retrieved from Equipment => Instrument Settings => HI offset. Add this value to the heading of the runway.
===Autopilot===
Differences from expected behaviour,
*VNAV/Pitch will set climb, level or descend depending on the ''previous'' setting on the Altitude. If you were climbing '''with''' autopilot, Pitch will continue the climb.
*VNAV/Pitch will not be lit on the dashboard.
*VS does not work.
*B/C Back Course does not work.
*V/S Pitch up down does not work.
*Roll Knob does not function.

===Passengers and cargo===
This aircraft is configured for 8 passengers, 6 luxury leather seats, one flight attendant and one flap-down seat. There is room in the front for the luggage of the pilot and co-pilot with a max of 100 lb. Between the wings, just behind the last seats is the cargo hold that has room for 500 lb.

The maximum weight of the aircraft, without fuel, is 13,500 lbs.

It is possible to overload the aircraft with the risk of leaving the undercarriage and tires somewhere on the tarmac. There is an upgrade kit available making it stronger.

If your passengers are claustrophobic advise them to wait for an airliner. The width of the tube is 4.95ft (1,8 meters) and the height is 4.4 ft (1,34 meters) so not much room to take a walk.

The more weight in the back the better, so have your passengers sit from the back to the front.

===Warning systems===
*This aircraft has a [[Ground proximity warning system |MK VIII]] installed. It will callout the height and will give out warnings about flaps, landing gear and when the ground is too close. Most annoying is the alarm sound for lowering the gear.
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] is installed and visible on the MFD. Use the [[Cessna_Citation_Bravo_panel#Console | centre console]] to change visible radar range.
*The FC 530 AP will warn for stall and overspeed.
:*The stall warning will give a high pitch sound. In this simulation there is no stick shaker. The stall warning will shutdown the autopilot and will enable the caution alarm. The stall warning system is not perfectly capable of detecting a stall while banking. Contrary to the real aircraft this simulation does not include a stick push. When the alarm sound the aircraft is in a stall, not nearing a stall.
:*The overspeed alarm sounds like a clicking sound, a reason to slow down quick before the aircraft disintegrates. It will enable the caution alarm. Limitations are:
::*Caution when Mach > 0.74 and no AP
::*Caution when KIAS>300 and ALT < 8,000
::*Caution when KIAS>350 and ALT > 8,000
::*Stick pull KIAS>354 or MACH >0.82
*The Caution alarm sounds like honk honk, silent, silent. It can be stopped after the cause of the alarm has been taken away. Just press the button to shut it off. Check the aircraft limits when the cause of the alarm is unknown.
*The autopilot will also shutdown in the following events: G-forces over the limit or engines have stopped.

===Stall behaviour===
When the speed is reduced the Lear will nose-dive before there is a stall. If you fight that behaviour, pull up, you will find that a stall without flaps can cause loss of control diving left or right to start a spin. With flaps you can steer left and right without loosing control sinking at an extreme rate. To get out of a stall the easiest steps are to give max power and lower lose. With one engine down however max power will worsen the situation so lower nose to pick up speed, get control back and then increase thrust slowly. Stall character of the Learjet 35-A is described as very mild.

===Flight characteristics===
The Learjet loves to go up, it loves to go down. But it doesn't like level flight. The Autopilot has a Yaw Damper function to help level flight. Heavy tip tanks combined with low speeds can cause a Dutch Roll, it will make your passengers sick and can,in extremes, cause loss of control.

This machine is build to be happy above FL390, it's possible to fly [[KTAS]] 471 keeping N1 at 100%. Below FL390 the engines are not strong enough. The ceiling at 45,000 is for the standard machine, for research aircraft have been fitted with better seals keeping the cabin pressurized at higher altitudes.

Above 220 [[KIAS]] and/or above FL180 the aircraft should be flown with Autopilot since the slightest stick movements, above that speed, can cause scary things.

There are some things you should not do,
*Give full throttle with one engine down when the aircraft is near a stall during landing. (The aircraft will be pushed to one side)
*Set the altimeter to the wrong [[QNH]], mistaking a 2 with a 3. (The aircraft can be a 1000 feet lower as expected).
*Set the autopilot to an undefined high (twist the button) and then forget to set it correctly. (Making the aircraft fly too high, loosing pressure and oxygen making the aircraft fly a long way on autopilot before the engines shut down due to loss of fuel)
*Fly near the Falklands during a war. (The British might use you for target practice)

==Procedure flight==
=== Startup ===
#Fuel up the machine.
#Check brakes are ON.
#Check flaps are retracted.
#Check spoilerons are retracted.
#Check trim is centred.
#Throttle on 0, the machine will auto-throttle during start-up.
# Start the engines:
#* Manual:
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to ON.
##Avionics Power.
###Switch to INV 1.
###Right switch to ON.
##Ignition switches (LH and RH) to NORM.
##Click LM button on Engine Start (LH light will light up while revving up, wait till the light is off).
##Click RH button on Engine Start (RH light will light up while revving up).
##Check if the engines are running, N1 should hover around 50%.
##Switch L GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch R GEN (DC Power) to ON.
##Switch BATT (DC Power) to OFF.
##Click the Master Warning Reset button to acknowledge the warning.
##Exterior Lights COLL to AMT.
##Exterior Lights NAV to UP.
#* Or use the Autostart option.
#Close the wing tanks and the fuselage tank.
#If the outside temperature is below -25<sup>o</sup> idle engines for at least three minutes.
#Tune to ATIS and set ALT to [[QNH]] by turning the BARO knob below the display.
# Pre-set the autopilot.
## Open Autopilot=>Autopilot settings.
## Click HDG (or NAV) and ALT to arm the Autopilot.
## Enter the heading in the HDG BUG box.
## Enter 39,000 in the ALT SET box.
#Release the brakes, give some throttle and go to runway start.

=== Take off and Ascend ===

# At runway start,
## Check spoilerons, flaps, trim, brake.
## Give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps (or more with loads MTOW, or short runways).
## Release brakes.
## Give throttle, keep N1 below 103% but above 95% (105% will kill the engine)
## While accelerating on the runway increase N1 when possible.
## Push yokes a bit down, specially with sidewind.
## Pull the jokes at V<sub>R</sub>.
## Rotate to 14 degrees.
## Check N1
# Speed is above 170 [[KIAS]]
## Retract landing gear.
## Retract flaps.
# Above 3000 feet [[AGL]].
## Set N1 to 85%.
## Turn.
## Trim to keep speed between 190 and 220 [[KIAS]].
## Slowly reduce the attitude to 7 degrees.
# At reaching 18,000 feet, (about 5 mins after takeoff).
## Enable the Autopilot, centre and release the yokes ("5").
## Click STD to set the [[altimeter]] to [[pressure altitude]].
## Check N1.
# After reaching FL 390, (about 16 mins after takeoff).
## Enable Low Bank in the autopilot.
## Let the aircraft gain some speed till above 200 [[KIAS]].
## Set the [[altitude]] to 41,000 feet.
# It takes about 18 minutes, 90 NM miles and 65 Gallons of fuel to reach FL 410.
## At 41,000 feet let the aircraft gain speed to near 220 [[KIAS]] which takes about 4 mins.
## Set IAS to 220 in the autopilot to prevent overspeed.
## If needed to go higher wait till the speed is above 200 and set altitude bug.

Alternative, when there are obstacles (mountains) near:
:# At takeoff rotate to 14 degrees.
:# When speed has picked to above 160 rotate to 20 degrees.
:# Retract landing gear.
:# When speed is above 170 [[KIAS]] retract flaps.
:# When you are above safety altitude reduce N1 to 85% and do as described above.

=== Level flight ===
At an [[altitude]] of 41,000 feet and with an [[airspeed]] of 220 knots (=N1 85%) you get a groundspeed of about 420 knots. This is the most economical speed and height for this aircraft. At 41,000 feet you can push it to an airspeed of near 240 knots, giving 460 [[KTAS]], but that will hit the envelope of this aircraft.

Monitor the amount of fuel in the tiptanks. If a tiptank is below 100 Gallons open up the fuselage tank. If the fuselage tank is below 100 Gallons open up both wing tanks. The centre of gravity will move to the back of the aircraft reducing drag.

Fly your course using the [[Radio beacons]] you can find. Intercept radials on [[NAV1]].
*Use the Display Controller (DC-550) to the left of the Display.
**The left bearing knob (BRG O) will show the direction of NAV1 or the [[ADF]].
**The right bearing knob (BRG <> ) will show the direction of NAV2 or the ADF.
**The NAV button will switch between NAV1 or NAV2 (or ILS 1 and 2) and will display the set Radial.
***Avoid using FMS. Do not use NAV2 for automated flight.
*Use the Autopilot Window to set the heading bug.
If a [[VOR]] has no reception it will show North. If the ADF has no reception it will show Up (tricky).

=== Descend ===
# At a (radial) distance of about 115 NM start your descent towards the runway (assuming RW elevation of near zero [[AMSL]], if the RW is higher you can descent later). The sink rate will be about 1970 ft/min.
# Set the altitude to 10,000 [[AGL]] (so if the runway has an elevation of 1245 feet set to 11,245 feet), set speed to 170 [[KIAS]], engines will run idle . While descending it is possible to fly very very fast at the cost of a large amount of fuel and with the risk of overspeed.
# The autopilot has been tuned to give a glidepath of a bit more as 3 degrees.
# At FL 180 set the [[altimeter]] to [[QNH]]. Disable Low Bank. Set the [[heading bug]] to the current course towards the runway.
# Set the runway heading into the Radial of Nav 1 of the radio and set the frequency of the [[ILS]].
# At 10,000 [[AGL]] the distance to the runways should be about 30 NM. If needed use the spoilerons to slow down to increase sinkrate.
# Descend to 1,500 feet [[AGL]] and aim to intercept the radial of the ILS at about 7...5 NM away from the runway. While making turns you can go to a speed of 240 [[KIAS]]. Use spoilerons to slow down.
# Hit NAV to intercept the radial.
# Slow down to 170 [[KIAS]], retract spoilerons, give 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.

You can only intercept the ILS radial if you are nearer as approx 40 NM of the runway. A speed below 170 [[KIAS]] can cause the aircraft to sink during high bank turns.

{| border="1" style="text-align:right"
|+Cheatsheet 3 degrees altitude/distance
!altitude ||1||1.5||2||2.5||3||3.5||4||6||10||20||30||feet
|-
|distance||3.1||4.7||6.3||7.8||9.4||11.0||12.6||18||31||63||94||NM
|}
( ALT(ft) * 1000 / 318.12 = Dist(NM) )

=== Landing ===
The [[ILS]] takes away the need for horizontal control. To stay inside the [[glidescope]] it is needed to change pitch (yokes) and speed (autopilot). The ILS won't work below decision height (200 feet [[AGL]]).

The intention is to slow as much as possible, but with sufficient control for a go-around.

#Calculate Vref (see table above).
#At a distance of 4.7 NM (attitude 1500 feet) you should intercept the glidescope on the ILS. Due to mountains or weather reception of the ILS can be hindered, the gildescope can also be caught at 1000 feet and 3.1 NM.
#The speed is 170 [[KIAS]] with 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, flying on the radial.
#At one degree below glidescope (the green dot is on the dot above centre).
##Speedbug at Vref KIAS.
##20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
##Close the autopilot window.
##Hit APPR to catch the glidescope.
#:*If the glidescope is not shown on the ILS, reset Altitude on the Autopilot to "0" (zero).
#The nose will dive down, pull it up slowly so that the aircraft remains about horizontal.
#Pull up nose when too low, decrease speed when too high but keep the speed above Vref KIAS.
#Aim to a sinkrate of 400...700 feet/min
#At the 1000 mark check tiptanks and weight, jettison fuel if needed.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup>, the engines will give more power.
#At the 500 mark deploy landing gear.
#At decision height (set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown, stallwarning-system is disabled.
#Prepare to do a go-around is visibility is insufficient.
#At runway threshold set power to idle.
#Land the aircraft on two wheels, nose up, and correct for winds.
#On nose touchdown enable spoilerons (Ctrl-B), deploy reversers (DEL) and give max. power.
#Below 60 knots, set throttle to idle, stow the reversers.
#Hit the parking brake (SHIFT-B) to make a full stop.
#Take a deep breath.

Park the aircraft.

====Non-precision Approach====
# 7+ NM from RW: 180...165 [[KIAS]], flaps up, gear up.
# 7...5 NM from RW, aligned at 1,500 [[AGL]]: Vref + 30 KIAS, 8<sup>o</sup> flaps, descend if required.
# 5...1 NM from RW, descending: Vref + 20 KIAS, 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
# 500 feet AGL: 40<sup>o</sup> flaps, N1 up, gear down.
# Threshold: Vref KIAS.

=== Shutdown ===
Reverse the [[Learjet 35-A#Startup|startup procedure]] described earlier.
===Eating a bird===
At lower altitudes an engine can eat a bird and shutdown.

Flying with one engine down is good possible however,
*double the runway length, for both take-off and landing
*half the rotation, half the climb
*half the cruise altitude
*do not use AP during climb
Landing is described at [[#Landing, one engine out| Landing, one engine out]].

==Flight school==
Some things a pilot should be able to perform so find a nice long runway with an [[ILS]] and ask permission from ATC to do some practising. Keep the tarmac clean and don't scare the neighbours by crashing.
===Restart engines===
Since there is a risk that fuel runs out, forgetting to open up the fuselage or wing tanks.
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 200 [[KIAS]]
#Shutdown both tip tanks to force engine shutdown.
#Open up fuel tanks.
#Restart engines.
===Stall - clean===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 [[KIAS]].
#Disable speed bug (autopilot SPD).
#Set throttle to idle.
#Take the yokes.
#Keep the aircraft from sinking by pulling the yokes gently.
#Ignore the lower-gear warning.
#At stall warning, full throttle, give flaps. Only lower nose if needed to take away stall symptoms (banking).
#Let the aircraft pickup speed and when above minimums enable autopilot again. Have the yokes centred before enabling the autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration===
#Go to 15,000 feet, level flight, 170 KIAS.
#Set 8<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Set speedbug to Vref KIAS.
#Set 20<sup>o</sup> flaps.
#Lower gear.
#Below Vref + 25 set full flaps.
#Use pitch (yokes) to get a '''stable''' sinkrate between 400...700 feet/min at Vref [[KIAS]].
#Disable the speedbug, do not change throttle.
#Pull nose to get to a level flight. Pull more when sinking again.
#At stall warning max power, lower nose if needed.
#At positive rate of climb pull up gear.
#Set a pitch of 14 degrees. Retract flaps, centre yokes and enable autopilot.

===Stall- landing configuration, one engine out===
Perform the same stall but this time shutdown one engine and keep flaps at 20.

===Landing, one engine out===
As a normal [[#Landing|landing]] but with the following critical differences.
#Set speed to Vref +20 and don't go below that. Use pitch only to control glidescope.
#Set flaps to 40<sup>o</sup> at 100...150 AGL (not earlier), immediately idle the left-over engine, land. Do not use reversers...
#There should be sufficient speed and power for a controlled go-around.
#After landing you can use the left-over engine to push the aircraft to the parking place.
Touch-and-go is not possible. Required RW length is double. When the speed is too low a power-up, for a go-around or to prevent a full stall, will push the aircraft uncontrollable to one side. This manoeuvre should be practised on a virtual runway well above the real one before attempting this on hard tarmac.

===Go-around===
This procedure (Go-around, Missed approach) should be practised and should be applied when visibility is insufficient for a landing. Practice on a virtual runway a few 100's feet above the real runway. This procedure works for normal landings and with one engine out.
#At decision height (200 feet [[AGL]], set with Primus 1000) the autopilot will shutdown and the stall warning will be disabled.
#The [[indicated airspeed]] should be just above Vref or Vref + 20 with one engine out. AP should be off.
#Give max throttle (keep N1 below 103.5%).
#Rotate to 7 degrees.
#Check vertical speed.
#With positive rate of climb, retract gear.
#Call [[ATC]].
#Centre trim.
#Above V<sub>r</sub> retract flaps.
#Reset AP.
#Rotate to 14 degrees until above 3000 feet.
You should have 180 Gallons left in the wings to go-around or to find another runway nearby.

==Tweaking aircraft files==
===Change livery ===
[[File:Learjet35_01.jpg|250px|thumb|Waves Livery]]
The livery can not be changed as easy as with other aircraft.
#Locate in the directory Models the files Paint1.png and Paint1 (2).png
#Rename Paint1.pnt to Paint1 (1).png
#Rename Paint1 (2).png to Paint1.png
#Restart FlightGear

===Modify livery===
*The *.psd layers of the wavevom livery are available [http://2rowdy.aacity.net/FG/Paintkit%20Learjet%2035a.zip Paintkit Learjet35a.zip] (zipped file)
*If you have Gimp, Paint dot net or Photoshop you can open and edit the layers of the file.
*Save the modified file as a flat non-transparent (24 bits) png image with name: Paint1.png.
*Place the file in the Models directory after making a backup of the original Paint1.png file.

==Development status/Issues/Todo==
*Development has taken a different turn. In short, we will use the aircraft files, but we will completely redo them as like making a new aircraft. So, new interior, new exterior, new systems, new instruments etc etc.

==Updates==
===Version 20120130===
*FC-530 behavior
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system|TCAS]] installed
*MFD and NAV view
*Reversers possible below decision height
*Contrails and smoketrails
*Overspeed and Ceiling don't stop AP
*Engine maintenance (Turbine<=>Fan)

===Version 20111222===
* N1 0...110% with the risk of blowing up the engine
* Thrust at N1 101% 3500 lbs
* Changed engine sounds
* Wind with landing gear and flaps
* Stall warning
* Overspeed warning
* Caution sound
* Engine start and shutdown sounds
* Yasim wing sweep correct
* Panel N1 and ITT now in real range with real colours (but in bars and not dials)
* Different MK VIII setting
* Limits and warnings on N1, spoilerons and flaps *2, reversers, engines out, stall and overspeed. Some will cause the warning sound, some will shut down the AP, some just tell the aircraft has broken up into fragments.
* [[Instant Replay]]
* Aircraft help
* Micro HUD
* Prepared for FG 2.6.0

===Version 20111111===
* Remodel Yasim according to drawings.
* Two tip tanks, two wing tanks and one fuselage tank.
* Corrected empty weight.
* Increased power at altitude.
* Separate Instruments 3-d no longer needed.
* Completely different flight behaviour, less predictable, more fun, more real.
* Animated reversers.
* Correct flap angles.
* AP Low bank functional.
* Limits implemented.
* N1 and N2 tweaked to almost real.
===From v2009 to v2011-10-21===
* Fuel-load 2 x 465.5 Gallons.
* Thrust 3500
* tsfc (fuel consumption) 0.504
* Autopilot climb attitude from 3.5 to 7.1
* Altitude was system [[altitude]], corrected to indicated altitude.
* Livery shadow fixed.
* Autopilot Y/D now functional.
* DC-550 a bit more visible.
* Removal of non available animations.
* Clean-up of obsolete and redundant files.

==Related content==
* [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]; the Citation has the same panel. Some great hints and tips can be found there.

==External links==
*[http://www.flightgear.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=13256&p=134319#p134319 Discussion thread on the Flightgear Forum.]
*[http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=265 Learjet on airliners.net]
*[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_content.jsp?channel=bca&id=xml/bca_xml/2010/09/01/BC_09_01_2010_p80-249555.xml&headline=Learjet+35+Series+Aircraft Learjet on aviatonweek.com]
*[http://www.businessjet.com/Aircraft_Data/Learjet35.php Learjet on businessjet.com]
*[http://www.aviastar.org/air/usa/learjet-35.php Learjet on Aviastarr.org]
*[http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_lear35_en.php Learjet and great pictures on flugzeuginfo.net]
*[http://www.spyflight.co.uk/learjet.htm Some lesser known facts about the Learjet on spyflight.co.uk]
*[http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-07012010-31295010054285/unrestricted/31295010054285.pdf Thesis: Gates Learjet Corporation - Production Facilities - by Rick.J.Denzer Dec 10 1981](pdf) Also contains a detailed history of the corporation.

{{Appendix}}

{{bombardier}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Business Jet]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

User:PH-JBO

2012-01-31T20:19:28Z

PH-JBO: /* Learjet 35-A */

{{User
|name = 2Rowdy
|location = South of EHGG, Eelde, The Netherlands
|age = I'm stuck at 24
|job = Looking, QHSE
|interests = Second Life, PC stuff, Ponds, Friends
|callsign = PH-JBO
|favourite =[[Learjet 35-A]]
|website = try and dig me and you'll find
}}

==About==
Ex-usenet addict. Ex-MSFS (98) addict, ex-Aviator addict and ex-Elite addict. Never have been in a real cockpit seat with my hands on the yokes.
===Opinion===
FG is for geeks. That has been proven to me a few times now. Lucky I'm a bit offa geek else I'd buy me MSFS.
*prove me wrong

==Current projects==

===Around the world===
Small legs since I am in the cockpit and not using FMS. I only add when I didn't crash. Flying with live weather. Started in the [[Learjet 35-A]], now flying the same, but very different.

EHGG (home)=> LFLP=> LIMC=> LFKJ=> LMML=> [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Suggested flights|LXGB]] (Gibraltar, wow what a landing)=> GMMX=> LPMA (Madaira, two vacations there, RW in FG is harder as in real, and I came from the wrong side)=> [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011#Suggested flights|LPLA]] (Azores, wow)=> LPPD=> LPAZ=> LPGR=> LPHR=> LPFL=>
*North America

CYYT (Canada, Newfoundland)=> CYJT=> CYVO=> KCMX (United States)=> KATY (visiting the boonies...)=> KDIK=> CYEG (back in Canada)=> CYXS (scenery error, windbags on RW)=> [[Suggested_Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau |PAKT (wow)=> PAJN (wow2)]]=> PYAK=> PANC (Anchorage, scenery error, great wall of green)=> PACD (crab fishing, strong winds making me land on RW 23 and I had RW left over)=>PADK (cold here)=> PASY=>

*East Russia, Asia

UHPP (crossing date and 180 meridian and in Russia)=> UHSS=> UHWW (Vladivostok, scenery error windbags on RW)=> RJCC (Japan, detour over Lake Toya and Mount Yotei)=> RJEC (after some sight sightseeing)=>[[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011#Airport of the month|RJTT]] (Tokyo, Mount Fuji)=> RODN=> RCTP (Taiwan)=> VHXX RW13 (Hong Kong, closed...but not for me)(oh. Look at GE, it's gone!)=> ZHHH=> ZBAA (Beijing)(tried to find the great wall of China N and NE but not no find, in Beijing a building I could fly through)=> ZBHH=> ZLLL=> [[:File:Mount_Everest_VNTR.jpg|VNTR]] (after detour over Mount Everest, most scary landing ever, ascend from N)=>(VYDW>VTSN>VTSC FG froze each time, restarted at RW before freeze)=> WSSS (Singapore, not worth a visit)=> WIAR (Indonesia, Southern Hemisphere)=>

*Australia

YDBY (No radio beacons for an hour, no worries Ozzie)=> YAYE (NDB's and hard wind. Flew around Ayers Rock)=> YBAS (no flying doctors, landing on RW 35 due to strong wind)=>

*Asia

WMKK (My longest flight, meeting CNA0023)=> VC12 (after a-lot-of water)=> VCCK (after tour-South looks nice, scenery error on RW, antenna and red/white box)=> FJDG (wow)=> FSSC=> FSIA=> FSPP (in Seneca) => FSFA=> FM43=> FMCM (wow)=>

*Africa

HTKJ=> HKJK (after tour around Kilimanjaro and Mt.Meru)=> HTDO (fog, second approach worked)=> FLLI=> FVFA (Canyons but no Victoria falls, bummer)=> FKKC=> FGSL (Tour Mt.Cameroon and Isle Macias Nguema, Amazing)=> DISP=> FHAW (4h trip, no cheating)=>

*South America

SBRF (Brasil! ILS of RW is broken))=> SBAN=> SLSU=> SCKP (crossing Salar de Uyuni)=> [[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|SPRF]] (Yay! Found it!)=> [[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|SPQU]]=> SPHO (after many crashes near SPZO) (There is an amazing valley but no Machu Picchu)=> SPZA (could not find Lines of Nasca)=> many, many FG lock-ups making me to cheat and drop my plane over the great wall of crash)=> SEMH=> SEST=> SEGS (After tour over Galápagos isles)(Oh look, there is mast in the middle of the RW)=> MPTO (start of Panama canal)=> MPCF (Pacific to Atlantic)(RW misplaced)=> SKBQ=>

*Caribbean

TNCA (Nederland)=> TNCC=> TNCB=> SVLO=> TGPY=> TVSU=> TVSC=> TVSV=> TBPB=> TFFF=> TDCF=> TFFS=> TNCE=> TNCS (after 7 tries)=> TNCM (wow)(koeien hebben staarten)=>

*North America

MMMD=> MZBZ (Blue hole could not be found)=> MMTM=> MMTC=> KCGZ=> KSFO (FightGear Home, no ATC available, on depart it was taken over by Italians:)=> 61B (after tour over Las Vegas, nice) => KGCN (Hoover Dam not in scenery, Grand Canyon is white?) => KINW (there is a white Arizona/ Barringer Crater)(went back after FG fix, now the crater is green. Looks better) => 71V=> 0V7 (Amazing valley)=> KXTA (giant runway, parking inside the mountain, no UFO's..yet)=> NV11 (after [[IFR]] over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_National_Security_Site NTS], some minor bumps visible)=> KAHC=> KLMT=>[[Suggested Flights#Searching_Wizard Island| 3S6]] (wow!)(The landing was extremely dangerous, searching and circling between mountains and zero visibility)=> CYRL=> CYMO=> CYZV=> (Tour over Manicouagan) CYWK=> CYCY => (compass hell) CYLT (snowstorm, VFR landing with one NDB to help, oh and this time of year it's always night)=> ([[:File:Npole.jpg| North Pole]], absolute nav hell, glad there is a GPS on-board)

*Europe

ENSB (there is something wrong with parking but I can't see it)

*Next: Back home?

What have I learned during my trips so far?
*If there is just one ILS there probably is a reason.
*A 4 is not a 2 (and other silly mistakes, like E is not D, 3 is not 2 etc etc).
*Press Swap.
*4 hours with a VOR in my back drops me just a few NM off course. Yay :)
*Metar on MPmap is not the same as weather on the runway. The source is different.
*South West China is white and very white.
*Don't ever trust a VORTAC
*I so hate sidewinds since I fly with a mouse.
*If hill before RW then turn around.
*Check mousepointer after rightclick, before yanking the mouse.
*Retract gear, must..retract..gear..

===[[Learjet 35-A]]===
Working on (with Syd)
*Redesigning the cockpit (incl.Intruments)
:*Panel placeholder ready. All textures based on a real cockpit
:*Working on buttons, lower panel. Total hell to figure out what each button does since I could not find any literature on this so I stare at vague images and read checklists hoping to find the "missing button".
:*Side panels ready, Placeholder ready, lower panels (with some fake instruments) ready.
:*Writing functional design to identify hotspots.
*New Mesh
*Oh wow! Syd uploaded the Mesh and merged it with my files. This looks sooo good. There is soo much to do but we have done some huge leaps. Xsaint is giving full support. Must delete my to-do list and make a complete new one. Where am I, Where do I stand? Where is Syd, where does he stand? How to move on? I'm loving this :)

===Suggested flights===
Two great idea's for suggested flights for future newsletters.
===sandbox===
*[[Article requests]]
*Add Lear to [[Aircraft]], include Business jets.
*lfrl-lfru
*Flightschool
**ILS
**Radio navigation
===Git===
*Not with the intention to program or compile FG, since that's out of my league, but to share aircraft model and files 'n stuff. I tried to figure out what Git is, and the opening page gave me no idea what it is. Now that's odd. Most websites try to make clear what it's intended for and how it works. I suspect it's similar to FTP combined with a synchroniz(s)er. Something like push/ pull with a directory on my HD. However, I can not be sure about this since that website doesn't tell me anything, except that it will try to make my Windows machine act like a Lux CLI or sumting. We'll see if there will be a hostile take-over. Made account. Downloaded mysysgit. Downloaded ms-synctoy. Made me some containers and will now start praying....
*Feels like a windows 3.1 shell around a file synchronizer. It is as alien as I expected it to be, but it also appears to have the functionality I expected it to have. Nice thing, it's free storage that can be shared with an identifiable group. Since it's so extremely user friendly with predictable workings I won't touch the FG containers and I won't automate anything.

==Past Projects==
#New aircraft description [[Learjet 35-A]]
#Overhaul of [[Cessna Citation Bravo panel]]
#Overhaul of [[Primary flight display]]
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]], Azores
#Tweaking the [[Learjet 35-A]] flying characteristics to reality
#Suggested flight for [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]], Gibraltar
#Tokyo airport I stumbled over as [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011|Airport of The Month]]
#[[Radio beacons]] explained
#[[Radio navigation]] explained
#Definition for [[glideslope]], [[glidepath]] and [[glidescope]]
#[[Flight rules]] - [[VFR]] - [[IFR]] etc.
#[[Altitude]]
#Made my own livery for the [[Learjet 35-A]]. Looks cool
#[[De/Flughöhe]] 
#Overhaul of [[Aircraft speed]]
#[[Translation requests]] reworked
#[[Help:Translate]] reworked
#Translated [[Nl/Hoofdpagina]]
#Updated aircraft [[Learjet 35-A]], updated the wiki description
#Translated [[:Template:Did you know]]
#Update and move of [[Suggested Flights]]
#[[Suggested Flights#Ketchikan to Juneau|Ketchikan to Juneau]] as suggested flight
#[[suggested Flights#Ngorngoro|Ngorngoro]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Origin of the Amazon River|Origin of the Amazon River]] as suggested flight
#[[Suggested Flights#Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca|Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca]] as suggested flight.
#Complete rework of the [[Learjet 35-A]], published as Early production 20111111p (a day too soon... but I could not wait)
#Major update on the wiki of [[Learjet 35-A]] reflecting the changes I made
#Compiled [[Unique Features]]
#[[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Airport_of_the_month| Innsbruck as Airport of the month]], made me a nice x-mas tree. TY Gijs.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20111222, Major update of it's wiki page.
#[[Suggested Flights#Searching Wizard Island|Searching Wizard Island]] as suggested flight.
#Published [[Learjet 35-A]] version 20120130.
#EDDI as [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Airport_of_the_month| Airport of the month]] January.

==Suggestions, Idea's, comments==
[[User talk:PH-JBO]]