FlightGear wiki - User contributions [en]

Glaser-Dirks DG-300

2012-03-26T23:58:37Z

Mdsmith2: I removed author information and such, because I no longer develop, maintain, nor have the model

{{non-stable}}

{{infobox Aircraft
|name = Glaser-Dirks DG-300
|image =DG-300.jpg
|type =Glider
|fgname = DG-300
|status =
}}
[[File:DG-300-Cockpit.jpg|thumb|300|DG-300 Cockpit]] The '''Glaser-Dirks DG-300''' is a Standard Class single-seat high performance [[:Category:Glider|sailplane]] built of glass-reinforced plastic. The DG-300 was designed by Wilhelm Dirks and manufactured by Glaser-Dirks Flugzeugbau's Slovenian partner company Elan. A total of 511 of all versions were built since production started in 1983. Representative contemporary types from competing manufacturers are the Rolladen-Schneider LS4 and the Schempp-Hirth Discus.

== External Links ==
[http://www.gliding-in-melbourne.org/new/files/fmanuals/DG300.pdf DG-300 Owners Manual]

{{Glaser-Dirks}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]
[[Category:Gliders]]

FlightGear IRC channel

2011-09-05T01:26:15Z

Mdsmith2: /* Official hosts */

== Common ==

The '''FlightGear IRC Network''' is an online system that will allow you to talk to a lot of people around the world and is related to everything about [[FlightGear]]. It's mostly used by developers, but it is also a good place to ask for help if you are having a question.

It consists of localised servers that are all linked up to form a seamless chat network so if you are based in England you would connect to a nearby server in England and you would see exactly the same people as someone connecting to a server in the USA.

To connect to the IRCnet network you first need a suitable client. For users of Mozilla browsers (like Firefox), the plugin [https://addons.mozilla.org/de/firefox/addon/16 ChatZilla] is surely a good option. You can also use [http://www.xchat.org/ XChat] (Linux and Windows), [http://sourceforge.net/projects/xchataqua/ X-Chat Aqua] (X Chat Mac), [http://www.silverex.org/ SilverEx] (X Chat windows Free Build), [http://www.pidgin.im/ Pidgin], [http://colloquy.info/ Colloquy] (for Mac), [http://www.mirc.com/ mIRC] or any other client.

When you first login to the network you must pick yourself a unique nickname for the current chat session. Nicknames can be up to 31 characters in length and contain numbers and some punctuation characters. Some examples of nicknames you can use are:

* Fred
* BIG_fred
* ^Fred^
* Fred-
* ^Fred
* fred007

It doesn't matter about capital or lower case letters in the nickname since they are treated the same when people want to contact you and there are some weird and obscure rules about nicknames such as them not being able to begin with a "-" character. Most of these rules have no rhyme nor reason to them but we didn't write the software, we just have to try and tell people how to use it. Have an experiment and see what suits you best.

Once you found your personal unique nickname you may want to register it with '''NickServ''' (see below).

== Official hosts ==
{|
! style="background:#efefef; text-align: center" width="200px" | Host
! style="background:#efefef; text-align: center" | Location
|-
| nl.irc.flightgear.org
| Netherlands
|-
| uk.irc.flightgear.org
| United Kingdom
|-
| us.irc.flightgear.org
| United States
|-
| de.irc.flightgear.org
| Germany
|-
| irc.flightgear.org
| currently an alias for de.irc.flightgear.org
|}

These servers are interconnected to form the FlightGear IRC network. Please choose the host closest to you geographically.
The FlightGear IRC network has several channels, some of which are listed below. To obtain a real list, use the IRC command "/list".

{| Common channels
! style="background:#efefef; text-align: center" width="200px" | channel
! style="background:#efefef; text-align: center" |
|-
| #flightgear
| Main channel
|-
| #flightgear-blender
| [[Blender]]
|-
| #fg_school
| [[FlightGear Flight Academy|Flight School]]
|-
| #fgms
| [[fgms]] related stuff
|-
| #airliners
| IFR Navigation Squawk
|-
| #Fg_Canteen
| Off topic community
|-
| #fg-ru
| Russian Flightgear Community
|-
| #wiki
| Wiki
|-
| #flightgear-forum
| Forum
|-
| #help
| general help on IRC
|-
| #staffers
| Server Admins
|-
| #flyingclub
| [[Flight Gear Flying Club]]
|}

== Network Services ==
; '''NickServ'''
: Registration and identification of nicknames.
: NickServ allows you to "register" a nickname and prevent others from using it. The following
: commands allow for registration and maintenance of nicknames; to use them, type
: '''/msg NickServ <u>command</u>'''
: For more information on a specific command, type
: '''/msg NickServ HELP <u>command</u>'''.
: Common commands are
:: REGISTER Registers a nickname.
:: GROUP Adds a nickname to your account.
:: IDENTIFY Identifies to services for a nickname.
:: GHOST Reclaims use of a nickname.
: and many more.
: This service is intended to provide a way for IRC users to ensure their identity is not compromised.
: It is NOT intended to facilitate "stealing" of nicknames or other malicious actions. Abuse of NickServ
: will result in, at minimum, loss of the abused nickname(s).
; '''ChanServ'''
: Registration and management of IRC channels.
: ChanServ allows you to register and control various aspects of channels. ChanServ can often prevent
: malicious users from "taking over" channels by limiting who is allowed channel operator priviliges.
: Some vailable commands are listed below; to use them, type
: '''/msg ChanServ <u>command</u>'''.
: For more information on a specific command, type
: '''/msg ChanServ HELP <u>command</u>'''.
:: REGISTER Registers a channel.
:: RECOVER Regain control of your channel.
:: FLAGS Manipulates specific permissions on a channel.
: and many more.
; '''MemoServ'''
: Network Memo service, leave messages for other users.
: MemoServ is a utility allowing IRC users to send short messages to other IRC users, whether they are
: online at the time or not. Both the sender's nickname and the target nickname must be registered in
: order to send a memo.
: MemoServ's commands include:
:: READ Reads a memo.
:: SEND Sends a memo to a user.
:: SENDGROUP Sends a memo to all members on a group.
:: SENDOPS Sends a memo to all ops on a channel.
:: DELETE Deletes memos.
: Type '''/msg MemoServ HELP <u>command</u> for help on any of the above commands or
:: '''/msg MemoServ HELP''' to see a list of all available commands.
; '''HostServ'''
: VirtualHost network service.
: HostServ allows users to request a virtual hostname. Normally we only allow IPs to be shown on a users
: connection (so no dns lookups are made upon a new connection). To hide your host to other users you are
: free to select a vhost from a predefined list (or a uniquely requested one) via hostserv. In that case
: your selected hostname will be shown to others instead of your real IP.
: Type '''/msg HostServ HELP''' to see the list of all available commands.
: Some commands of interrest (for you :) are:
:: OFFERLIST Lists all available vhosts.
:: TAKE Take an offered vhost for use.
:: REQUEST Requests new virtual hostname for current nick.

For further help type "/msg SERVICE help" (replace SERVICE with the name of the service)

== Other hosts ==
{|
! style="background:#efefef; text-align: center" width="200px" | Network
! style="background:#efefef; text-align: center" | Channel
! style="background:#efefef; text-align: center" | Description
|-
| irc.freenode.net
| #flightgear
| Only for emergencies.
|}

== How to get in there with ChatZilla ==
[[File:IRC-ChatZilla.jpg|thumb|ChatZilla Client area]]
When using ChatZilla, go to your Mozilla/Firefox browser and enter [irc://mpserver12.flightgear.org irc://mpserver12.flightgear.org]. When ChatZilla has connected to the host, click "IRC" and "Join channel...". Pick the preferred channel.

To get directly to the main channel with ChatZilla, you can also enter [irc://mpserver12.flightgear.org/flightgear irc://mpserver12.flightgear.org/flightgear] in your browser.
== External links ==
* [http://www.ircbeginner.com/ General information about IRC]
* [http://www.ircbeginner.com/ircinfo/ircc-commands.html General IRC commands]

[[Category:FlightGear]]
[[Category:Community]]

Scripted Compilation on Linux Debian/Ubuntu

2010-07-13T16:11:37Z

Mdsmith2: Removed the backup link, which still uses CVS, thus confusing newbs with errors.

==Description==
The following script takes care of downloading and compiling Flightgear from the git repositories with just one command execution for both 32-bit and 64-bit Debian based systems (Debian, Ubuntu). Pre-existing installed version (if any) of Flightgear are not touched at all since the script builds and installs everything under the directory in which it is launched.

Necessary packages are installed via the apt-get system while libraries not included in the repositories are downloaded and compiled on the fly (i.e. [[Plib]], [[Simgear]] and [[OSG]]).

===List of compiled programs===
The script is able to download and compile:
* Flightgear (And all the data needed to use it)
* [[Fgrun]]
* [[FGCOM]]
* [[Atlas]]
* [[Terrasync]]

==Download==
You can download the script here: [[http://brisa.homelinux.net/fgfs/download_and_compile.sh download_and_compile.sh]]

The script is hosted on a home server, so if the electricity goes down or internet connection fails, you will be not able to download it directly.

If all else fails, join the [[FlightGear IRC channel]] and ask for the download_and_compile.sh script. Someone there will be likely to provide it to you.

==Instructions==
To run download_and_compile.sh, just save it in a directory called for example: ~/fg_tools
then execute it (no need to execute it as root).

Here is for example a sequence of commands to get the script and launch it in a new folder.
<pre>
mkdir ~/fgfs
cd ~/fgfs
wget http://brisa.homelinux.net/fgfs/download_and_compile.sh
chmod 755 download_and_compile.sh
sh download_and_compile.sh
</pre>
Once all will be finished, you will sucessfully get all the programs installed in the ~/fgfs directory.

===Launching FlightGear===
To run your new git installation of Flightgear you have to launch the ''run_fgfs.sh'' command under the same folder, for example:
<pre>
cd ~/fgfs
sh run_fgfs.sh
</pre>

===Launching Fgrun===
For many users it's more comfortable having Flightgear launched by the graphical utiliy Fgrun which is installed as well in the same folder. You have to launch the ''run_fgrun.sh'' command, for example:
<pre>
cd ~/fgfs
sh run_fgrun.sh
</pre>

===Launching FGCOM===
FGCOM is the system used by flightgear to simulate radio communications between users. Launch it using the ''run_fgcom.sh'' command:
<pre>
cd ~/fgfs
sh run_fgcom.sh -cs
</pre>

===Launching Atlas===
Atlas provides a map for Flightgear, use it launching: ''run_atlas.sh''
<pre>
cd ~/fgfs
sh run_fgatlas.sh
</pre>

===Launching Terrasync===
Your Flightgear compilation comes with the Terrasync program too, so if you want to use it:
<pre>
cd ~/fgfs
sh run_terrasync.sh -p 5500 -d /folder/with/sceneries
</pre>
Where: ''/folder/with/sceneries'' is the folder containing the sceneries data.

Then launch fgfs with the '''--fg-scenery=/folder/with/sceneries --atlas=socket,out,5,localhost,5500,udp''' option

==Troubleshooting==

===Compilation errors===
Here we are, no fear, if you wish to use programs from the cvs/svn/git repositories, you might face compilation errors that will prevent you to have a working copy of one or more of the programs provided by this script. What can be the causes that prevent us from a successful compiling? As far as I know those:
# Software developers introduce a new functionality with a new piece of code that prevents the compilation under your architecture, this can happen working with cvs/svn/git sources.
# The program refuses to compile because of a divergence in the libraries it depends. For example Flightgear might not compile because OSG has been modified, while OSG itself compiles fine, FG won't.
# One or more repositories are down and you can't get the library you need. (Both from cvs/svn/git or apt-get)

There is a simple solution to the above errors: wait and relaunch the script after some time (hours or days), if (and generally happens) software developers repair or synchronize their code with the newly updated libraries, your Flightgear will compile fine as if the previous error never took place.

Sometimes it happens that the script fails to compile only fgrun,fgcom or atlas, if you then see the run_fgfs.sh file it means that Flightgear installation was successful and you can safely run it.

==Options==
The script by default (without any option) will only compile Flightgear and Fgrun. To make it compile all, you need to launch the script with the ''ALL'' parameter. i.e.:
<pre>
sh download_and_compile.sh ALL
</pre>

===Compiling only one program===
If you wish to recompile only one of the programs you can launch the script with one of the following parameters:
* PLIB (to compile and install only plib)
* OSG (to compile and install only OpenSceneGraph)
* SIMGEAR (to compile and install only Simgear)
* FGFS (to compile and install only FlightGear)
* DATA (to download / update only data files for FlightGear)
* FGRUN (to compile and install only Fgrun)
* FGCOM (to compile and install only Fgcom)
* ATLAS (to compile and install only Atlas)

===Fast updating===
There is a second parameter ''UPDATE'' that allows you to just update your installation. i.e.:
This will only update FGFS
<pre>
sh download_and_compile.sh FGFS UPDATE
</pre>

===Advanced options===
* Skip download of packages using '''-p n''' option
* Skip compilation of programs using '''-c n''' option
* Skip retrieving software updates using '''-d n''' option
* Skip reconfigure (make clean) using '''-r n''' option

For example, if you a developer and wish to fast recompile and reinstall only modification for FlightGear do this:
<pre>
sh download_and_compile.sh -p n -d n -r n FGFS
</pre>

this will only recompile modifications and reinstall them.

==Disk usage==
Having both compiled program, source codes and data from git requires some hard disk space: It will take you something like 3GB of space.
If you don't have a fast machine, it will require you also some hours of compilation time.

Grumman F-14 Tomcat

2010-06-22T18:39:35Z

Mdsmith2: /* Updated the F-14B help with info on the working weapons in Git */

{{infobox Aircraft
|image =F-14.jpg
|name =F-14 Tomcat
|type =Interceptor/multi-role Fighter aircraft
|livery =U.S. Navy
|authors =Enrique Laso, Alexis Bory (cockpit)
|status =Production
|fdm =YASim
|3dcockpit = √
|carrier = √
|fgname = f-14b
}}
The '''Grumman F-14 Tomcat''' is a supersonic, twin-engine, two-seat, variable geometry wing [[aircraft]]. The F-14 was the United States Navy's primary maritime air superiority fighter, fleet defense interceptor and tactical reconnaissance platform from 1974 to 2006. It later performed precision strike missions once it was integrated with the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LANTIRN LANTIRN] system. The F-14 was developed after the collapse of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-111B F-111B] project, and was the first of the American teen-series fighters which were designed incorporating the experience of air combat in Vietnam against MiGs.

It entered service in 1972 with the U.S. Navy, replacing the [[McDonnell F4 Phantom II]]. It was later exported to the former Imperial Iranian Air Force in 1976, during a time when the US still had good relations with Iran. It was retired from the active U.S. Navy fleet on 22 September 2006, having been replaced by the [[F/A-18 Hornet|F/A-18E/F Super Hornet]]. As of 2007, it remains in service only with the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force.

==Keyboard Controls==
===Flight Controls===
{| class="prettytable"
|Home
|Increase elevator trim
|-
|End
|Decrease elevator trim
|-
|] or f
|Lower flaps
|-
|[ or F
|Raise flaps
|-
|s
|Increase speed brakes
|-
|S
|Decrease speed brakes
|-
|Ctrl-b
|Toggle speed brakes
|-
|k
|Increase speed brakes
|-
|j
|Decrease speed brakes
|-
|}

[[Image:F-14_cockpit.jpg|thumb|270px|Cockpit of the F-14.]]
[[File:SunsetF-14.png|270px|thumb|right|A nice scene with the F-14.]]

===Automatic Flight Controls===
{| class="prettytable"
|a
|Toggle APC (Landing Automatic Power Control)
|-
|Ctrl-d
|Toggle DLC (Landing Direct Lift Control)
|-
|d
|DLC increase
|-
|D
|DLC decrease
|-
|Ctrl-t
|Toggle [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_flight_control_systems AFCS] (Defaut Attitude Mode)
|-
|Ctrl-a
|Enable AFCS Altitude Mode
|-
|*
|Engage AFCS Altitude Mode
|-
|Ctrl-h
|Enable AFCS Heading Mode
|-
|Ctrl-s
|Toggle ground spoilers armed
|}

===HSD - radar and RWR===
{| class="prettytable"
|h
|Cycles through HSD modes: radar - compas - ECM (RWR)
|-
|E
|Decrease Radar Range
|-
|R
|Increase Radar Range
|-
|Ctrl-r
|Toggles Radar Standby Mode. In standby mode the radar doesn't emit and the "STAND BY" words are displayed on the HSD screen when in TID mode.
|}

===Carrier operations===
{| class="prettytable"
|O
|Lower the hook
|-
|o
|Raise the hook
|-
|L
|Engage launch bar
|-
|C
|Release catapult
|-
|}
===Weapons===
{| class="prettytable"
|Ctrl-w
|Cycle through MasterArm modes.
|-
|w
|Cycle Stick Weapon Mode Selector
|-
|Ctrl-m
|Toggle AIM-9 selection
|-
|e
|Trigger M61A1 Vulcan or AIM-9s
|-
|}
===Miscellaneous===
{| class="prettytable"
|c
|Toggle canopy and access ladder
|-
|u
|Toggle refuelling probe
|-
|w
|Cycle armament selector
|-
|Ctrl-o
|Toggle oversweep (on ground only, otherwise sweep is automatic)
|-
|Ctrl-v
|Toggle between RIO (Radar Intercept Officer) and pilot view
|-
|}

==Aircraft help==
===On Shore Takeoff===
* With wings on over sweep position (parking position) the elevator command is inhibited... just in case...
* Check air brake in.
* Fuel level: The Flightgear F-14 has a '''10% fuel''' level and no external load '''at start up'''. This means the aircraft will be very light and have a strong tendency to raise the nose when accelerating on the runway. With less weight on the nose wheel, the nose wheel steering loose its efficiency. If the pilot use afterburners for take off, the loose of nose wheel steering efficiency is increased (afterburners are not necessary for take off). '''Set a suitable fuel level before take off.'''
* Flaps: Set full flaps.
* Elevators: The pilot will need to maintain a correct (leveled) attitude using the stick. Push the stick forward to prevent nose pitching up at the beginning of the take off run, release slightly as speed increase, pull smoothly when reaching rotation speed (150kts).
* Rudder: Currently the FDM use a small rudder rate of move to damp some nasty oscillations when the rudder is not moved enough smoothly. '''If not anticipated''', this delay will cause overshooting the desired rudder effect, then a strong counter action on the rudder will be applied by the pilot on the rudder with again an overshoot... That's a typical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot-induced_oscillation pilot-induced oscillation]. To avoid this set a small amount of rudder, wait for the effect, see if it's enough, then add a small amount of rudder again if needed... when doing so the pilot will prefer increasing the power smoothly. Now the aircraft will quickly gain speed while covering the runway and the rudder effect will increase, thus decreasing the needed delay and the amount of pressure on the stick to match the desired effect.

===Autopilot Operation===
* The main mode is '''Attitude Hold Mode''', '''Ctrl-t'''. Other Modes need this main mode activated before being selected. Switching off '''Attitude Mode''' disables all other modes . When in '''Attitude Mode''', the autopilot disengages whenever a certain pressure is put on the stick, and it reengages when the stick is back in the center position . '''Attitude Hold Mode''' will hold pitch attitudes up to plus or minus 30 degrees, and bank angles up to plus or minus 60 degrees.
* It shall be switched off for aerobatics and inverted flight .

====Autopilot Altitude Mode====
* Once in the Attitude Mode, you can select '''Altitude Mode''' by hitting '''Ctrl-a''', then the '''AP REF''' indicator, (left of the '''VDI''') will illuminate, when at the desired altitude using normal stick control, engage by hitting '''*''', (asterisk) . The autopilot will then maintain your altitude.
'''CAUTION''' - at high speeds, it is imperative to stabilize your aircraft prior to engaging Altitude Mode !

====Autopilot Heading Mode====
* Once in the Attitude Mode, you can select '''Heading Mode''' by hitting '''Ctrl-h''' . After maneuvering the aircraft into the desired reference heading, release the control stick at a bank angle of less than 5 degrees . The autopilot will then hold the aircraft on the selected heading.

* Autopilot needs '''SAS''' channels to be engaged, which is the default . '''SAS''' Pitch and Roll channels may be disengaged by actuating switches located on the '''AFCS''' ('''Automatic/Analog Flight Control System''') panel .[[Image:F-14b-sas-switches.png|thumb|270px|SAS Panel.]]

===Landing Automatic Power Control, (APC) Operation===
* The '''APC''' is a closed loop system that automatically regulates basic engine thrust to maintain the aircraft at an optimum approach angle of attack for landing .
* Prior to engage '''APC''', gear handle must be down with weight off wheels, and the throttles must be set between 98 percent rpm and 68 percent rpm, (as shown on the panel gauges).
* Type '''a''' to toggle the '''APC on/off'''. APC is also disengaged by setting the throttles to MIL, (98 percent rpm) or idle, (68 percent rpm) or raising the landing gear handle or when weight on the wheels .
* When disengaged the '''AUTO THROT''' caution light, (on the left side of the HUD) illuminates for 10 seconds .

===Landing Direct Lift Control, (DLC) Operation===
* During landing approaches, the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers can be controlled simultaneously to provide glidepath correction without changing power setting or angle of attack.

===Ground Spoilers Operation===
* Ground spoilers (that is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevon elevons] used as air-brake ) provide additional drag immediately after the touch down. Before the landing, arm the ground spoilers by hitting '''Ctrl-s''' . After the aircraft hits the runway, pull the throttle to idle, then the spoilers (elevons) get fully deployed.

===Weapons operation===

At the moment, only the gun and the AIM-9s are operational, others ordinances are displayed under the wing, their weight is correct but they aren't usable.

You must have the latest F-14B package from [[Git]] for weapons operations.

* '''Gun:''' At startup, the ammunition store is filled with 675 round. It's not possible to refill without quiting FG. To fire the M61A1 Vulcan:
** Select HUD A/A Mode on the Display panel, on pilot's right console. A multikey shortcut is also available (:AHa). Having the HUD in this mode is not mandatory though there won't be any symbolics available for the gun in other HD modes.
** Select Gun mode with the Stick Weapon Mode Selector (w). A pipper, the G symbol with a number showing approximately the remaining rounds x 100 and a closure rate scale are displayed in the HUD. The closure rate scale is active only if a target is locked by the radar with TWS AUTO mode (diamond on the HUD).
** Switch Master Arm on, the X on the G symbol means Master Arm off or in training mode.
** Press e to fire the gun.

* '''Sidewinders:''' Crudely modeled on AIM-9L available data.
** Select a weapons set using the menu: Tomcat Controls > Fuel and Stores: "FAD light" has 4 sidewinders, "FAD", "FAD heavy" and "Bombcat" have 2 of them.
** Select HUD A/A Mode on the Display panel, on pilot's right console. A multikey shortcut is also available (:AHa).
** Select SW mode with the Stick Weapon Mode Selector (w).
** Switch to the back seater's view (Ctrl-v).
** Select pylons 1 and 8, down position, on the Armament panel, on RIO's right console. A shortcut toggles these two switches so you can select or deselect all AIM-9 in one keyboard stroke (Ctrl-m) without leaving pilot's view.
** Switch back to the pilot's view (Ctrl-v).
** Switch Master Arm on, you ear the search signal of the seeker head, a low volume buzz sound.
** Now prior to be fired, the AIM-9 must have a lock on a target. For the time being only Multiplayers and AI tankers can be locked. The minimal lock distance is 10 NM, the target must be aproximately inside a 80° cone centered on datum line. When locked, the signal buzz volume becomes louder. For best results try to shoot at a 3 to 6 NM range and with the target centered on the aircraft velocity vector. The missile will explode at the smaller distance possible. However if this distance is above 70 meters, it will continue its trajectory without guidance.

==Pilot's Cockpit==
[[Image:F-14b-pilots-display-control-panel.jpg|thumb|270px|Pilot's Display Control Panel.]]
===Displays Control Panel===
* The Display Control Panel is located on the right side of the pilot's main panel, under the Hook lever. The '''3 botom switches''' respectively turn the '''VDI''', '''HUD''' and '''HSD''' displays '''on/off'''. The '''HSD MODE''' switch is also available, it selects '''NAV''' or '''TID''' or '''ECM''' mode. This can also be achieved by cycling through these 3 modes with the "'''h'''" key. (''Note: the '''NAV MODE''' push buttons - '''TO''', '''CRUISE''', '''A/A''', '''A/G''', '''LDG''' - are not operational yet.'')
** '''VDI: Vertical Display Indicator'''. Shows the aircraft attitude in roll and pitch, with an artifitial horizon and magnetic heading.
** '''HUD: Head UP Display'''.
** '''HSD: Horizontal Situation Display'''. HSD shows either:
***in '''NAV''' mode: compas with navigation indications,
***in '''TID''' mode (Tactical Information Display): an horizontal representation of the tactical situation (that is informations provided by the RIO from what he sees in his radar displays).
***in '''ECM''' mode: a representation of radar threats around the aircraft.

===VHF===
* Located on the RIO's left console, 3 bands: 30-88 MHz, 108-174 MHz, 225-400 MHz. Modes '''TR''' and '''TR-G''' set '''COMM1'''. Mode '''DF''' sets '''NAV1''', that is '''Direction Finder''' displayed with the single needle in both '''BDHIs''' (Bearing, Distance, Heading Indicator) . You have Comm *or* DF. Storing frequencies (up to 20 channels) '''a - PRESET''' select the desired channel, '''b - READ''' tune the desired frequency, '''c - LOAD''' stores the frequency in the previously selected channel.

===UHF===
* Located on the pilot's left console, 225-400 Mhz. ADF is not enabled on this radio.

== Related content ==
=== Related lists ===
* [[Aircraft]]
* [[Aircraft Todo]]
=== Links ===
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14 - F-14 Tomcat
* http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-14.htm - F-14 Tomcat
* http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/man/uswpns/air/fighter/f14.html - F-14 Tomcat
* http://www.anft.net/f-14/f14-specification.htm - Home of M.A.T.S.
* http://www.navyair.com/LSO_NATOPS_Manual.pdf - NATOPS LANDING SIGNAL OFFICER MANUAL

{{Grumman}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]
[[Category:Military aircraft]]

Boeing 777-200 Tutorial/KSFO-KLAX

2009-10-08T21:52:53Z

Mdsmith2:

{{cleanup}}
=Welcome to the Vaerospace Advanced Flightgear tutorial pages=

=Learn to Fly the 777-200ER like a Pro !=

==Your first City to City Flight...!==

[[Image:Vwiki1.jpg|thumb|320px]]

'''Note: It is necessary to have the scenery for Los Angeles Installed(It does not come with the standard package and ***MUST*** be downloaded. [ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-1.0.1/w120n30.tgz Download Link(105 MB)], Extract the Package into your Scenery Folder'''

We begin with flight planning. The first thing we have to plan is which standard departure route we need to fly and which standard high altitude route we are going to follow(Thats in real life!!!). For now we need to get up and level at ''300-320 knots'' around ''15,000-20,000 ft'' and follow the VOR (and VORTAC) beacons as specified in this tutorial.

[Thanx to Boeing for this modern miracle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_777 all you need to know here]

== What You need to Know ==

[[Image:Vwiki123.jpg|thumb|320px]]

[http://www.flyelite.com/support/documents/faa/FAA%20Instrument%20Text.pdf The FAA instrument manual(8 MB)] Very Informative Manual, Must Read for better Understanding!

''' The Automatic Direction Finder uses a transmitter and aerial on the ground
, an NDB (Non Directional Beacon )that allows the ADF instrument to point to the aerial that is tuned at a specified frequency . So..no matter what direction you are travelling in ...the needle (also called the CDI ...Course Deviation Indicator... points to the station . In the RMI (radio Magnetic Indicator ) we can select a plain ADF frequency or the more information rich VOR signal , which is similar but has more information...it points to a selected direction 0-360 to the beacon you which once the needle is pointing at twelve o' clock or straight forward toward your selected VOR ( vor = Vhf {very high frequency) Omnidirectional Range-finder )you can press F12 and enter your current heading plus or minus 180 , in the radial box on the nav 1 line .
'''(RADIALS '''
are the Direction In Degrees directly FROM a VOR Tower
'''180 degrees opposite'''
from your
'''real'''
Heading ...Towards
'''...a Tower)'''

The current should read 280 by default change that to the heading you are on when the needle is pointing forward ie 12 bells

''' All of these instruments are combined in the left screen of the 777-200ER '''

'''Note headings work in 360 degrees ...0/360 is always north'''
'''90 east.. 180 South... and 270 west'''
'''so adding 180 degrees to your salinas heading'''
'''which sould be 140 will give a RADIAL of 320 no matter wheather you add or'''
'''subtract ...in the radio comms dialog enter the heading plus or minus 180'''
'''deg. for your RADIAL'''

=Messing with george the Ap (Autopilot)=

'''We are doing this to set the OBS LIne'''
'''which is set as "heading Bug" in F11 autopilot popup menu'''
'''...press F11 and enter your HEADING appox 140 in the'''
'''heading bug section''''
'''to get the purple dotted line to it's correct position '''
'''Press Close '''

[ http://www.navfltsm.addr.com I strongly Recomend this site ! For learning more on aerial navigation navfltsim is 5 star site You need this... ]

[ http://www.skyvector.com It's time to learn how to plan your route with this 5 star Free Airchart Site -USA charts only]

Otherwise just fly as you did and learn as much as possible you should be
well for your landing at KLAX ...RULE ONE AT VAEROSPACE Don't Panic
Once you get the "feel" for it... Try and do it with the internet feature ..check the fetch real weather in the Flightgear Launcher ...but at first practice with setting the weather to as clear as possible. Ie Noon with clear weather.

==Salinas nav1 117.3==

<blockquote>Pick a runway at KSFO (San Francisco intnl.) ...such as 28 R .get off the ground and turn on heading of 150 degrees ...now set nav1 to Salinas(117.3) DME about 65 naughts away and steer the 777 toward the needle ( if the needle deviates from the 12'o clock position ) you steer toward or into the needle ,it will begin to move back toward 12'0 clock ...doing this frequently is called bird dogging (or bracketing) and should be avoided</blockquote>
...

==Paso Robales 114.3==

<blockquote>Oki-doki...set nav 2 (be sure to switch both nav toggle switches on on the panel and set nav 2 to 114.3 ...when you are approx 20 -30 dme away from salinas steer onto the nav 2 needle to 12'o clock ie pointing straight ahead and set nav 1 to our next beacon ...make sure you remember which needle is for nav1 and which is for nav 2 ...nav two is the "skinny one" :)</blockquote>

==San Marcus 114.9==
[[Image:Ox.jpg|thumb|200px|This shows the san Marcus and Oxnard VOR sites]]

<blockquote>Using the same strategy to avoid to much bird dogging ((chasing the needle)
turn onto the nav1 needle 20 DME from paso robales and maintain your chosen flight level ...do not exceed 25 000 ft (you're a beginner /Flight Level 250 )
...once on route to San Marcus immediatly switch nav 2 to Oxnard and use the same procedure </blockquote>

==Oxnard 108.7 Coming Down ==

30 Dme from oxnard bring the aircraft down gently (no more than 150 ft per min)
to 8000 ft and level out at 285 knts..do not use speedbrakes

Now do a visual check ..as you come into the bay area over the water
Klax is close stay 4-5 DME out to sea ..and descend to 2500 ft

=Your first all instrument approach to KLAX=
[[Image:Lax.jpg|thumb|200px|This is the Air chart showing The airport]]
<blockquote>
Your first all instrument approach will be to runway 6 R ,which is the 2ND of 4 main runways as seen from left to right in your current approach . ILS (Instrument Landing System . which is a special type of radio beacon for landing ) or 'Localiser' Now set nav 1 to 111.7(the localiser beacon) set nav 2 to KLAX VOR 113.6 (note you must be under 2500ft for the vertical guidance or "glide slope " portion to "intercept" it's signal so ,lining your approach up to set up the ILS is vital. (We will tackle this in our next flight from Boston to New York)The localiser gives you traditional VOR guidance from up to 20 DME away and vertical "glideslope Guidance" 4-5 DME and under 2500ft directly in front of the runway .(note the vor CDI green needle will not point to the correct heading
of your runway when close by or on approach as it it not situated on the runway , establish the exact magnetic and true headings for you runway and set your heading bug in the F11 autopilot menu , you can obtain all the information you need from airnav.com)
I have also included the headings you need in the next section.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>

Set nav1 to the localiser for runway 6 R (right) (that the 2nd leftmost runway visable from out at sea maintaining your heading untill the needle is at 10 o' clock
(ie pointing left ) now turn the aircraft into the needle so it point forward or upright again... you should be on a heading of approx. 69 degrees magnetic degrees
you need to be on this heading as it is the EXACT direction of the runway
(069 in the heading bug )... to make sure you can land you should plot a position PAST the oxnard vor...out into the bay area and then at the right moment turn left onto the runway heading of 69 degrees , this is called your
Final Approach Fix (FAF)
do this using a chart if you intend trying this in anything other than perfect visual conditions .In my new route we continue learning the various ways of
determining your FAF and Navigation between Cities . Boston -New York (coming soon)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>

... at the bottom of the left flightscreen (primus 1000 efis) there are white
markers and another white indicator will appear , if this indicator is in the centre of the marks , there are two sets ...one for heading into runway and
the other(verical white ticks on the right of the left screen) for pitch or "glideslope" these scales and thier markers should always be "Dead Center" if they are you are bang on line for your runway...
only good planning will make this so .
In real life an IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) landing will require two charts (amongst others SIDS , TAC , RUNWAY , SECTIONAL , EN ROUTE , and NOTAMS Notices to Airman) that the pilot must obtain ... the first is for a Standard Arrival Route (STAR chart) and the second for the specific runway approach information called an "Approach Plate" which contains specific information for each runway .
</blockquote>
<blockquote>

NEVER do an instrument approach with the nose of the 777 pointing down more than 3-5 degrees ..you will crash ! Your decent and heading into any runway must be carefully planned ! The weather ALWAYS PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE ....

</blockquote>
<blockquote>

Head for Runway 6 Right and land as usual...Remember ..runway numbers are reciprocal , 180 degrees , so runways are marked with thier Approximate
Headings , typically numberd as such , the zero's in brackets serve as illustration only ...1-19(0) 2-20(0) 3-21(0) 4-22(0) and L(eft) or R(ight)... in the case of Two Parallel Runways. KLAX has 4 ...long , almost parallel , Runways...marked 6 - 24 L/R and 7-25L/R
</blockquote>

I knt in the 777-200ER is 1.1515 Miles per Hour

Now upgrading and Expanding please revisit ;)

[Go now to Captain Vaeron's main site at googlepages http://www.vaero.za.net]

Template:Boeing

2009-09-20T23:59:39Z

Mdsmith2:

{{Navigation
|title=Boeing
|content=
<div align=left>
'''Civilian aircraft:''' [[Boeing 314|314]] • [[Boeing 707|707]] • [[Boeing 737|737]] ([[Boeing 737-300|-300]]) • [[Boeing 747|747]] ([[Boeing 747-100|-100]]/[[Boeing 747-200|-200]]/[[Boeing 747-400|-400]]) • [[Boeing 757|757]] ([[Boeing 757-200|-200]]) • [[Boeing 777|777]] ([[Boeing 777-200|-200]]) • [[Boeing 787|787]]<br>'''Military aircraft:''' [[Boeing-Stearman_Model_75|PT-17]]• [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17]] •[[Boeing B-29 Superfortress|B-29]] • [[Boeing B-52|B-52]] • [[C-17 Globemaster III|C-17]] • [[Boeing E-3 Sentry|E-3]] • [[Boeing KC-135E|KC-135E]]<br>'''Helicopter:''' [[CH-47 Chinook Helicopter|CH-47]] • [[Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey|V-22]]</div>
}}
<includeonly>[[Category:Boeing]]</includeonly>

<noinclude>[[Category:Navigation template]]</noinclude>

Boeing-Stearman Model 75

2009-09-20T23:57:48Z

Mdsmith2:

{{stub}}
{{infobox Aircraft
|image =stearman.jpg
|name =Stearman PT-17
|type =Light, single piston engine trainer
|authors =Emmanuel Baranger
|fdm =YASim
|status =Development
|fgname =stearman
}}
The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is a biplane, of which at least 9,783 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s as a military trainer aircraft. Stearman became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman or Kaydet, it served as a Primary trainer for the USAAF, as a basic trainer for the USN (as the NS & N2S), and with the RCAF as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civil market. In the immediate post-war years they became popular as crop dusters and as sports planes.
{{Boeing}}

Boeing-Stearman Model 75

2009-09-20T23:55:14Z

Mdsmith2:

File:Stearman.jpg

2009-09-20T23:54:08Z

Mdsmith2:

Boeing-Stearman Model 75

2009-09-20T23:39:29Z

Mdsmith2: Created page with '{{stub}} {{infobox Aircraft |image =stearman.jpg |name =Stearman PT-17 |type =Light, single piston engine trainer |livery =US Navy |authors =Emmanuel Baranger |fdm =YASim |statu…'

{{stub}}
{{infobox Aircraft
|image =stearman.jpg
|name =Stearman PT-17
|type =Light, single piston engine trainer
|livery =US Navy
|authors =Emmanuel Baranger
|fdm =YASim
|status =Development
|fgname =stearman
}}
The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is a biplane, of which at least 9,783 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s as a military trainer aircraft. Stearman became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman or Kaydet, it served as a Primary trainer for the USAAF, as a basic trainer for the USN (as the NS & N2S), and with the RCAF as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civil market. In the immediate post-war years they became popular as crop dusters and as sports planes.

Template:Lockheed

2009-09-20T03:06:10Z

Mdsmith2:

{{Navigation
|title=Lockheed aircraft
|content=
<div align=left>
'''Civilian aircraft:''' [[Lockheed Constellation|Constellation]] • [[Lockheed L-1011-500|L1011-500]] <br>'''Military aircraft:''' [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] • [[Lockheed C-5 Galaxy|C-5]] ([[Lockheed C-5B Galaxy|C-5B]],[[Lockheed C-5M Galaxy|C-5M]])• [[General Dynamics F-16|F-16]] • [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning|P-38]] • [[F-80 Shooting Star|F-80]] • [[Lockheed F-104 Starfighter|F-104]] • [[F-117 Nighthawk|F-117]] • [[F-35 Lightning II|F-35]] • [[Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird|SR-71]]</div>
}}
<includeonly>[[Category:Lockheed]]</includeonly>

<noinclude>[[Category:Navigation template]]</noinclude>

User:Mdsmith2

2009-09-20T02:20:23Z

Mdsmith2: Blanked the page

Howto talk:Create a flightplan

2009-09-19T18:09:35Z

Mdsmith2: Created page with '==International Flights== This is a very useful tool, but it is only for airports within the United States. Shouldn't this be mentioned and other resources for International flig…'

==International Flights==
This is a very useful tool, but it is only for airports within the United States.
Shouldn't this be mentioned and other resources for International flight be added?
-- [[User:Mdsmith2 | MDSmith2]] 2009-09-19 19:07Z

Talk:Island Virtual Airways

2009-07-15T19:57:57Z

Mdsmith2:

We need a link to the IVA liveries. Where are they?

David [[User:D-79|D-79]] 13:03, 15 July 2009 (EDT)

The liveries are on the IVA website. I wouldn't care putting a link to the livery page on here but I would rather not put direct links on here to each of them. They are at http://islandva.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=53

Michael [[User:mdsmith2| MDSmith2]] 19:57, 15 July 2009 (Zulu)

Talk:Island Virtual Airways

2009-07-15T19:57:46Z

Mdsmith2:

Talk:Island Virtual Airways

2009-07-15T19:57:08Z

Mdsmith2:

Talk:Island Virtual Airways

2009-07-15T19:54:04Z

Mdsmith2:

Howto:Understand console output

2009-05-05T11:09:16Z

Mdsmith2: /* Warning: Picked up TriangleIntersect */

'''This document is intended to list common [[FlightGear]] errors and how to get rid of them.'''

===Could not find at least one of the following objects for animation:===
This means that FlightGear is unable to find an object in a .ac file. Check the .xml file (where the animation is stored) to see if the object-names match those in the .ac file. If you are not the aircraft's author you can safely ignore such warnings.

===Error: bind() failed in make_server_socket()===
When using [[Howto: Multiplayer|multiplayer]] or socket input, this usually means you specified an invalid ip address or the port is in use. Note: for multiplayer, you don't need to use the ''--multiplay=in,...'' option at all, FlightGear (since version 1.0) figures out the proper setting automatically. Only use when you know what you are doing.

===Failed to find .... in apt.dat.gz===
You need to edit ATC/default.tower and ATC/default.atis. You can open these files with any text editor. Either remove or fix the entries containing your airports ICAO code (like KSFO).

===Failed to open file ...===
Check if the file exists on your system. If the missing file is a scenery object; be sure you have the latest [http://scenemodels.flightgear.org/download/SharedModels.tgz Shared Models] from the [[FlightGear Scenery Database]].

===FGMultiplayMgr::MP_ProcessData: No such file or directory===
This is telling you that there's someone online on the multiplayerserver, using a plane that you do not have installed on your own system. In order to remove the error (and see the other plane) you have to install the plane that the other pilot is using.

===Found unexpected subsystem: system exiting. JSBSim failed to load aircraft and/or engine model===
You are probably trying to run an aircraft on a out-of-date version of FlightGear. The planes on the official download page are intended to be used with the latest version of FlightGear. Usage on any older systems may not work.

===Near camera not rendering===
[[Image:Near_camera_off.png|500px]]

If you screen looks like the image above; make sure you have at least [[OSG]] version 2.7.6.

===OpenAL error (AL_ILLEGAL_COMMAND): set_volume===

TODO

===OpenAL error <AL_INVALID_VALUE>: bind source <alGenSources><br>Failed to generate audio source.===
This error is probably displayed because of some misdirected audio settings in the [[aircraft]]s setup. Check the -sound.xml file of the aircraft and see if all files refered to really exist. If not, try to contact the author of the plane, so he can fix the problem in the [[FlightGear CVS|CVS]] version or solve the problem yourself and let someone commit the patch.

===OpenAL error (AL_INVALID_VALUE): constructor (alBufferData)<br>Fatal error: Failed to buffer data.===
Disabling sound is a temporarily solution for this problem.

===The system cannot find the file specified===
If you are running Windows Vista; start by looking in <tt>C:\Users\Owner\AppData\Local\VirtualStore</tt> and seeing if you have a folder called FlightGear in there. If you do, cut-and-paste (merge) that one with <tt>C:\Program Files\Flightgear</tt> and try to launch FlightGear again.

'''Hint:''' you may need to go under Tools and Folder Options to specify "Show Hidden/System Files and Folders" in order for AppData to be visible.

===Unable to choose requested pixel format===
Error should be solved as of version 1.9. If not, try changing your [[FlightGear Launch Control#Page Four - Options and Run|BPP]] and/or resolution.

===Unknown exception to the main loop. Aborting... <br>Possible cause: No such file or directory===
This error could have a variety of sources, among them missing files but also other things. Increasing the [[FlightGear_Launch_Control#Debugging|log level]] to debug might provide some more information on what FlightGear was doing when the error occurred.
Setting your [[FlightGear Launch Control#Page Four - Options and Run|BPP]] to a lower value might work.

===Warning: Picked up TriangleIntersect===
Reduce your [[FlightGear Launch Control#Debugging|Log Level]] to alert. The errors might still be shown, but do not affect the sim anymore.

[[Category:Howto|Get rid of common errors]]

Piper PA-24 Comanche

2009-04-19T10:36:43Z

Mdsmith2: /* typo */

{{infobox Aircraft
|image =pa-24.jpg
|name =PA-24 Comanche
|type =Civil utility aircraft
|livery =
|fdm =YASim
|status =production
|authors =Dave Perry
|fgname = pa24-250-CIIB <br/> pa24-250
|download =http://flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/#pa24-250
}}
The '''Piper PA-24 Comanche''' is a four-seat, low-wing, all-metal, light [[aircraft]] of monocoque construction with retractable landing gear that was first flown in May 1956 according to a Piper Aircraft Company press release. Together with the Twin Comanche, it made up the core of the Piper Aircraft line-up until 1972, when the production lines for both aircraft were wiped out in a flood.

==Aircraft help==
{| class="prettytable"
|f
|fuel tank select
|-
|~
|toggle nav lights
|-
|!
|toggle master battery switch
|-
|@
|toggle toggle master alternator switch
|-
|#
|toggle fuel pump
|-
|$
|toggle landing lights
|-
|%
|toggle rotating beacon
|-
|^
|toggle anti-collision lights
|-
|*
|toggle pitot heat
|-
|(
|turn on and/or decrease panel lights
|-
|9
|increase and/or turn off panel lights
|-
|h
|toggle carburator heat
|-
|ctrl-P
|toggle primer pump
|-
|B
|toggle parking brake
|-
|s
|starter
|}

* All switches and controls (except yoke and pedals) can be operated via "hot-spots".
* Type Ctrl-C to display mouse "hot-spots".

===Startup===
# fuel on most full main ("f" toggles selector on left side)
# all toggles OFF
# battery master switch to ON ("!" toggles battery master switch)
# alternator master switch to ON ("@" toggles battery master switch)
# electric fuel pump ON ("#" toggles fuel pump switch)
# operate primer pump three times then locked (ctrl-P cycles primer)
# "CLEAR PROP"
# key to start ("s" engages starter)
# pitot heat ON if IFR ("*" toggles pitot heat switch)
# beacon ("%"), nav lights ("~"), strobe lights ("^") ON as required
# landing light if night ("$" toggles landing light switch)
# release parking brake ("B" releases brake)

===Takeoff===
Takeoff check list on panel.

===Landing===
Landing check list on panel.

{{Piper}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

Beechcraft B1900D

2009-04-17T00:52:25Z

Mdsmith2:

{{stub}}
{{infobox Aircraft
|image =BeechcraftB1900D.jpg
|name =Beechcraft B1900D
|type =Airliner
|livery=Air New Zealand, Central Mountain Air, [[Island Virtual Airways]]
|authors =Syd Adams (3D model/FDM), Jean-Yves Lefort (MKVIII gpws)
|fdm =YASim
|status =Development
|fgname =<tt>b1900d</tt>
|download =http://www.flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/#b1900d
|3dcockpit =green
|animations =green
|liverysupport =green
|tutorials =green
}}
A twin [[Powerplant#Turboprop | turboprop]] airliner available since [[FlightGear 0.9.8]].

== See also ==
*[[Table of models]]
*[[FlightGear 1.0 default aircraft]]

[[Image:Beechcraft_B1900D.JPG|thumb|270px|Cockpit of the B1900D]]
{{Beechcraft}}
[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]
[[Category:Model with well-implemented cockpit]]
[[Category:Beechcraft]]

File:737-300 IVA-TXKF.jpg

2009-04-15T23:47:10Z

Mdsmith2:

Gee Bee

2009-04-15T16:39:04Z

Mdsmith2:

{{stub}}
{{infobox Aircraft
|image =
|name =Gee Bee
|livery=
|type = 1 engine piston racer
|authors =
|fdm =
|status = CVS
|fgname = <tt> </tt>
}}

A piston-engined racing aircraft of the 1930s.

CVS directory <tt> /data/Aircraft/Gee-Bee </tt>

[http://www.youngeagles.org/wallpaper/GeeBee_wallpaper1600.jpg 1600 by 1200 wallpaper] (from [http://www.youngeagles.org/wallpaper/ here])

==Links==
*[[Table of models]]
*[http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/lab/4515/index3.html Gee Bee fan site]

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Racer]]

Instrument Flight Rules

2009-04-15T14:34:39Z

Mdsmith2: New page: {{stub}} Instrument flight rules (IFR) are regulations and procedures for flying aircraft by referring only to the aircraft instrument panel for navigation. Even if nothing can be seen out...

{{stub}}
Instrument flight rules (IFR) are regulations and procedures for flying aircraft by referring only to the aircraft instrument panel for navigation. Even if nothing can be seen outside the cockpit windows, an IFR-rated pilot can fly while looking only at the instrument panel. An IFR-rated pilot can also be authorized to fly through clouds, using Air Traffic Control procedures designed to maintain separation from other aircraft.

All scheduled commercial flights operate exclusively under IFR. Visual Flight Rules (VFR) are often used for sight-seeing flights, aerial photography, or lift services for parachute jumping. Pilots flying under VFR are not permitted to fly through clouds. Many non-commercial, private recreational aircraft also operate under VFR whenever the sky is clear. Under VFR, the pilot is primarily responsible for navigation, obstacle clearance and maintaining separation from other aircraft using the see-and-avoid concept.

Piper J3 Cub

2009-04-15T11:20:01Z

Mdsmith2: /* Related content */

{{mergefrom|Piper J3 Cub Operations Manual}}
{{infobox Aircraft
|image =Piper_j3cub.jpg
|name =Piper J3 Cub
|type =Civilian aircraft
|fdm = [[YASim]]
|status =
|authors =David Megginson (3D, FDM), Jim Wilson (Instruments)
}}
The Piper J-3 Cub is a small, simple, light aircraft that was built between 1937 and 1947 by Piper Aircraft. With tandem (fore and aft) seating, it was intended for flight training but became one of the most popular and best-known light aircraft of all time. The Cub's simplicity, affordability and popularity invokes comparisons to the Ford Model T automobile.

The aircraft's standard yellow paint has come to be known as “Cub Yellow” or "Lock Haven Yellow".

==Aircraft help==
===Controls===
{| class="prettytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
|d
|Open/Close Door
|}
===Manual===
'''''This section contains material which is suspected of not complying to the GPL Licence version 2. This material is subject to removal.'''''

[This information is copied from the 1946 J3C-65 owner's handbook.]

The Piper Cub Special represents more than 15 years of diligent
aircraft engineering and manufacturing experience. Its simplicity of
design and construction, its low operating and maintenance costs, its
inherent stability, ruggedness, and its outstanding safety and ease of
flying, have made it the most popular airplane in aviation history.
The Piper Cub Special is the time-tested product of millions of hours
of flying under all conceivable conditions both in the military and in
peace time.

There are hints on starting, flying, stopping, and other related
topics that are important to the owner who wants to conserve his
airplane -- keep it in maximum airworthy condition -- and enjoy a full
measure of flying satisfaction.

First, each pilot should become familiar enough with his Piper Cub
Special that he can accomplish a satisfactory pre-flight inspection.
This check is simple and requires only a few minutes. See Section IX
for check list. Daily check of airplane prior to flight should be the
first in a number of safe flying habits the pilot should acquire.

A. '''BEFORE STARTING ENGINE'''

(1) Make routine check of gasoline supply. Visible fuel gauge is
integral part of gas tank cap; it will not show number of gallons but
will show proportion of fuel in tank by length of rod which extends
upward from cap. A full tank of 12 U.S. gallons will be indicated by
11 inches of rod extending beyond cap. Keep gas gauge rod clean and
smooth with crocus cloth for accuracy and freedom of movement.

(2) Check oil level in engine sump by removing oil cap and gauge. Oil
stick should indicate oil level up to index mark of 4 quarts.

(3) Check freedom of movement of flight and engine controls.

B. '''STARTING ENGINE'''

(1) Chock wheels, or have occupant who is familiar with controls set
brakes in cabin.

(2) Ignition switch OFF. Verify.

(3) Set throttle approximately 1/10 open.

(4) Push fuel shut-off ON.

(5) Turn propeller through several times.

(6) Turn ignition switch ON.

(7) Start engine by pulling propeller through with a snap.

CAUTION -- Always handle propeller as if switch were "ON." Stand as
far in front of propeller as possible. Use both hands and grasp one
blad approximately midway from tip. Do not overgrasp blade. Do not
wear long, loose clothing. Make sure footing is sure to preclude
possibility of feet slipping.

(8) If engine does not start, turn switch OFF. Turn primer knob to
unlock, pull out, pump three or four times, then reseat primer and
lock by turning in opposite direction. In extremely cold weather a
few strokes of the primer as the engine starts will enable it to keep
running. NOTE -- Avoid excessive priming as it causes raw gasoline to
wash lubricating oil from engine cylinder walls. Do not prime warm
engine.

(9) Repeat starting procedures 6, 7.

(10) If engine loads up and refuses to start, turn ignition switch
"OFF,", open throttle wide and turn propeller through backwards
several times to unload excessive gas mixture in cylinders. Then
close throttle and repeat starting procedure.

C. '''ENGINE WARM-UP'''

(1) As soon as engine starts, advance throttle slightly to idle at 700
R.P.M. Check engine instruments. If oil pressure gauge does not
indicate pressure within 30 seconds, stop engine immediately, check
and correct trouble before any further operation. Oil temperature
during operating should not rise above 200° F. and oil pressure should
not fall below 30 pounds. With engine warm, idling speed should be
550-600 R.P.M.

(2) Rev engine up to 2100 R.P.M. on both magnetos. Switch to LEFT and
RIGHT magnetos. R.P.M. drop should not be over 75 R.P.M. CAUTION
--Do not operate engine on either single magneto for more than 30
seconds at a time, as this tends to foul the non-operating spark plugs
in the ignition circuit of the magneto that is switched off.

D. '''STOPPING ENGINE'''

(1) Never cut switch immediately after landing as this causes engine
to cool too rapidly.

(2) Idle engine, especially in high temperature operating conditions,
for several minutes. It is advisable to switch to each magneto for 30
second intervals to allow gradual cooling of engine. This helps to
prevent overheating of spark plug insulators and will lessen tendency
for "after-firing."

(3) Check for carburetor heat OFF during idling.

E. '''TAXIING'''

(1) Open throttle to start airplane in motion; then close throttle to
a setting sufficient to keep airplane rolling. Do not keep throttle
advanced so that it is necessary to control taxi speed of airplane
with brakes. This causes unnecessary wear and tear on brakes and
tires.

(2) Taxi slowly (speed of a fast walk) controlling direction with
rudder which is connected to a steerable tail wheel. Use brakes only
for positive, precision ground control when necessary.

(3) Taxi upwind with stick back; downwind with stick foreward. When
ground winds are in excess of 15 M.P.H., turn into wind using ailerons
in direction of turn; apply ailerons away from the turn when turning
downwind. This procedure helps to prevent the wind "picking up" a
wing during windy, gusty conditions. Always make ground turns slowly.

F. '''GENERAL FLYING'''

(1) For takeoff use full throttle, heading into wind. Airplane loaded
will become airborne at approximately 39 M.P.H. Best climb speed is
an indicated 55 M.P.H.

(2) Indicated R.P.M. for cruising speed of 73 M.P.H. is 2150.
Take-off R.P.M. is 2300. Do not fly at full throttle over 3 minutes.

(3) Use CARBURETOR AIR HEAT when engine runs "rough" and tachometer
shows drop in R.P.M. which may be due to ice forming in carburetor.
Tachometer should recover to within 50 R.P.M. below normal when using
carburetor heat. Push heater to "OFF" position, and if icing
condition has been cleared, R.P.M. should return to normal. Continued
use of carburetor heat will only cause increased fuel consumption and
loss of power.

(4) Maximum permissible diving speed is 122 M.P.H.

G. '''APPROACH AND LANDING'''

(1) Push carburetor heat ON prior to throttling back for glide, or for
any other flight maneuver.

(2) Glide between 50-60 M.P.H. depending upon loading of airplane and
gust conditions.

NOTE -- "Clear" engine by opening throttle gently, every 200-250 feet
of descent during a long glide so that engine temperature will be
maintained.

Throttle action on the part of the pilot should be smooth and gentle
at all times.

H. '''PARKING AND MOORING'''

(1) After termination of flight, enter flying time in aircraft and
engine log books.

(2) Turn ignition and fuel OFF.

(3) Chock the wheels of airplane.

(4) If airplane is not to be flown for some time, it should be
hangared or tied down. Use good quality 1/2" - 5/8" diameter rope.
Secure to lift assist handle at aft end of fuselage; also at upper end
of both front wing lift struts where they attach to wing. Make sure
that rope passes between aileron cable and lift strut. Mooring ropes,
when airplane is tied down, should have no slack.

(5) Lock aileron and elevator controls by wrapping front seat belt
completely around rear control stick, tighten and buckle.

(6) Under excessively wind conditions, airplane should be tailed into
wind for mooring.
===Aerotowing===
The J3Cub is capable of [[Howto:_Do_aerotow_over_the_net | Aerotowing]] over multiplayer by the glider pilot pressing Ctrl-o while behind the Cub.
== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
'''Outside:'''
* no pilot present in cockpit -
* aircraft has no shadow

'''3D Cockpit:'''
* no rudder control pedals visible
* no switches and levers available
* no elevator trim control available
* Altimeter can't be adjusted with the mouse
* cockpit is not textured
* no pilot present in cockpit

'''General:'''
* engine sound in cockpit does not differ from outside engine sound

'''Non-bugs:'''
* pilot door is open and partly in the the wing rods. - This is accurate, and how the J3 can be flown
* does this airplane has flaps? - No
* No electrical system, therefore no cockpit, intrument, or aircraft lights
* No HUD.

== Related content ==

=== Related lists ===
* [[Aircraft]]
* [[Aircraft Todo]]

{{Piper}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

Piper J3 Cub

2009-04-15T11:19:35Z

Mdsmith2: /* merged with J-3Cub Operations Manual and fixed a few typos */

{{mergefrom|Piper J3 Cub Operations Manual}}
{{infobox Aircraft
|image =Piper_j3cub.jpg
|name =Piper J3 Cub
|type =Civilian aircraft
|fdm = [[YASim]]
|status =
|authors =David Megginson (3D, FDM), Jim Wilson (Instruments)
}}
The Piper J-3 Cub is a small, simple, light aircraft that was built between 1937 and 1947 by Piper Aircraft. With tandem (fore and aft) seating, it was intended for flight training but became one of the most popular and best-known light aircraft of all time. The Cub's simplicity, affordability and popularity invokes comparisons to the Ford Model T automobile.

The aircraft's standard yellow paint has come to be known as “Cub Yellow” or "Lock Haven Yellow".

==Aircraft help==
===Controls===
{| class="prettytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
|d
|Open/Close Door
|}
===Manual===
'''''This section contains material which is suspected of not complying to the GPL Licence version 2. This material is subject to removal.'''''

[This information is copied from the 1946 J3C-65 owner's handbook.]

The Piper Cub Special represents more than 15 years of diligent
aircraft engineering and manufacturing experience. Its simplicity of
design and construction, its low operating and maintenance costs, its
inherent stability, ruggedness, and its outstanding safety and ease of
flying, have made it the most popular airplane in aviation history.
The Piper Cub Special is the time-tested product of millions of hours
of flying under all conceivable conditions both in the military and in
peace time.

There are hints on starting, flying, stopping, and other related
topics that are important to the owner who wants to conserve his
airplane -- keep it in maximum airworthy condition -- and enjoy a full
measure of flying satisfaction.

First, each pilot should become familiar enough with his Piper Cub
Special that he can accomplish a satisfactory pre-flight inspection.
This check is simple and requires only a few minutes. See Section IX
for check list. Daily check of airplane prior to flight should be the
first in a number of safe flying habits the pilot should acquire.

A. '''BEFORE STARTING ENGINE'''

(1) Make routine check of gasoline supply. Visible fuel gauge is
integral part of gas tank cap; it will not show number of gallons but
will show proportion of fuel in tank by length of rod which extends
upward from cap. A full tank of 12 U.S. gallons will be indicated by
11 inches of rod extending beyond cap. Keep gas gauge rod clean and
smooth with crocus cloth for accuracy and freedom of movement.

(2) Check oil level in engine sump by removing oil cap and gauge. Oil
stick should indicate oil level up to index mark of 4 quarts.

(3) Check freedom of movement of flight and engine controls.

B. '''STARTING ENGINE'''

(1) Chock wheels, or have occupant who is familiar with controls set
brakes in cabin.

(2) Ignition switch OFF. Verify.

(3) Set throttle approximately 1/10 open.

(4) Push fuel shut-off ON.

(5) Turn propeller through several times.

(6) Turn ignition switch ON.

(7) Start engine by pulling propeller through with a snap.

CAUTION -- Always handle propeller as if switch were "ON." Stand as
far in front of propeller as possible. Use both hands and grasp one
blad approximately midway from tip. Do not overgrasp blade. Do not
wear long, loose clothing. Make sure footing is sure to preclude
possibility of feet slipping.

(8) If engine does not start, turn switch OFF. Turn primer knob to
unlock, pull out, pump three or four times, then reseat primer and
lock by turning in opposite direction. In extremely cold weather a
few strokes of the primer as the engine starts will enable it to keep
running. NOTE -- Avoid excessive priming as it causes raw gasoline to
wash lubricating oil from engine cylinder walls. Do not prime warm
engine.

(9) Repeat starting procedures 6, 7.

(10) If engine loads up and refuses to start, turn ignition switch
"OFF,", open throttle wide and turn propeller through backwards
several times to unload excessive gas mixture in cylinders. Then
close throttle and repeat starting procedure.

C. '''ENGINE WARM-UP'''

(1) As soon as engine starts, advance throttle slightly to idle at 700
R.P.M. Check engine instruments. If oil pressure gauge does not
indicate pressure within 30 seconds, stop engine immediately, check
and correct trouble before any further operation. Oil temperature
during operating should not rise above 200° F. and oil pressure should
not fall below 30 pounds. With engine warm, idling speed should be
550-600 R.P.M.

(2) Rev engine up to 2100 R.P.M. on both magnetos. Switch to LEFT and
RIGHT magnetos. R.P.M. drop should not be over 75 R.P.M. CAUTION
--Do not operate engine on either single magneto for more than 30
seconds at a time, as this tends to foul the non-operating spark plugs
in the ignition circuit of the magneto that is switched off.

D. '''STOPPING ENGINE'''

(1) Never cut switch immediately after landing as this causes engine
to cool too rapidly.

(2) Idle engine, especially in high temperature operating conditions,
for several minutes. It is advisable to switch to each magneto for 30
second intervals to allow gradual cooling of engine. This helps to
prevent overheating of spark plug insulators and will lessen tendency
for "after-firing."

(3) Check for carburetor heat OFF during idling.

E. '''TAXIING'''

(1) Open throttle to start airplane in motion; then close throttle to
a setting sufficient to keep airplane rolling. Do not keep throttle
advanced so that it is necessary to control taxi speed of airplane
with brakes. This causes unnecessary wear and tear on brakes and
tires.

(2) Taxi slowly (speed of a fast walk) controlling direction with
rudder which is connected to a steerable tail wheel. Use brakes only
for positive, precision ground control when necessary.

(3) Taxi upwind with stick back; downwind with stick foreward. When
ground winds are in excess of 15 M.P.H., turn into wind using ailerons
in direction of turn; apply ailerons away from the turn when turning
downwind. This procedure helps to prevent the wind "picking up" a
wing during windy, gusty conditions. Always make ground turns slowly.

F. '''GENERAL FLYING'''

(1) For takeoff use full throttle, heading into wind. Airplane loaded
will become airborne at approximately 39 M.P.H. Best climb speed is
an indicated 55 M.P.H.

(2) Indicated R.P.M. for cruising speed of 73 M.P.H. is 2150.
Take-off R.P.M. is 2300. Do not fly at full throttle over 3 minutes.

(3) Use CARBURETOR AIR HEAT when engine runs "rough" and tachometer
shows drop in R.P.M. which may be due to ice forming in carburetor.
Tachometer should recover to within 50 R.P.M. below normal when using
carburetor heat. Push heater to "OFF" position, and if icing
condition has been cleared, R.P.M. should return to normal. Continued
use of carburetor heat will only cause increased fuel consumption and
loss of power.

(4) Maximum permissible diving speed is 122 M.P.H.

G. '''APPROACH AND LANDING'''

(1) Push carburetor heat ON prior to throttling back for glide, or for
any other flight maneuver.

(2) Glide between 50-60 M.P.H. depending upon loading of airplane and
gust conditions.

NOTE -- "Clear" engine by opening throttle gently, every 200-250 feet
of descent during a long glide so that engine temperature will be
maintained.

Throttle action on the part of the pilot should be smooth and gentle
at all times.

H. '''PARKING AND MOORING'''

(1) After termination of flight, enter flying time in aircraft and
engine log books.

(2) Turn ignition and fuel OFF.

(3) Chock the wheels of airplane.

(4) If airplane is not to be flown for some time, it should be
hangared or tied down. Use good quality 1/2" - 5/8" diameter rope.
Secure to lift assist handle at aft end of fuselage; also at upper end
of both front wing lift struts where they attach to wing. Make sure
that rope passes between aileron cable and lift strut. Mooring ropes,
when airplane is tied down, should have no slack.

(5) Lock aileron and elevator controls by wrapping front seat belt
completely around rear control stick, tighten and buckle.

(6) Under excessively wind conditions, airplane should be tailed into
wind for mooring.
===Aerotowing===
The J3Cub is capable of [[Howto:_Do_aerotow_over_the_net | Aerotowing]] over multiplayer by the glider pilot pressing Ctrl-o while behind the Cub.
== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
'''Outside:'''
* no pilot present in cockpit -
* aircraft has no shadow

'''3D Cockpit:'''
* no rudder control pedals visible
* no switches and levers available
* no elevator trim control available
* Altimeter can't be adjusted with the mouse
* cockpit is not textured
* no pilot present in cockpit

'''General:'''
* engine sound in cockpit does not differ from outside engine sound

'''Non-bugs:'''
* pilot door is open and partly in the the wing rods. - This is accurate, and how the J3 can be flown
* does this airplane has flaps? - No
* No electrical system, therefore no cockpit, intrument, or aircraft lights
* No HUD.

== Related content ==
* [[Piper J3 Cub Operations Manual]]

=== Related lists ===
* [[Aircraft]]
* [[Aircraft Todo]]

{{Piper}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

Piper J3 Cub Operations Manual

2009-04-15T11:18:34Z

Mdsmith2: Redirecting to Piper J3 Cub

#REDIRECT [[Piper J3 Cub]]

Piper Cherokee Warrior II

2009-04-14T20:28:59Z

Mdsmith2: /* Aircraft help */

{{infobox Aircraft
|image =Piper_Cherokee_Warrior_II.png
|name =Piper Cherokee Warrior II
|type =Civilian aircraft
|fdm = YASim
|status =
|authors =David Megginson, Martin Nolan
|fgname =<tt>pa28-161</tt>
}}
The '''Piper PA-28 Cherokee''' is a family of light [[aircraft]] designed for flight training, air taxi and personal use, built by Piper Aircraft. In 1978, Piper upgraded the Warrior to 160 horsepower (119 kW) '''PA-28-161''', changing its name to '''Cherokee Warrior II'''. This same aircraft, now available with a glass [[cockpit]], is available as the Warrior III, and is marketed as a training aircraft.

==Aircraft help==
{| class="prettytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
|f
|fuel tank select
|-
|~
|toggle nav lights
|-
|!
|toggle master battery switch
|-
|@
|toggle toggle master alternator switch
|-
|#
|toggle fuel pump
|-
|$
|toggle landing lights
|-
|%
|toggle rotating beacon
|-
|^
|toggle anti-collision lights
|-
|*
|toggle pitot heat
|-
|(
|turn on and/or decrease panel lights
|-
|9
|increase and/or turn off panel lights
|-
|h
|toggle carburator heat
|-
|ctrl-P
|toggle primer pump
|-
|B
|toggle parking brake
|-
|s
|starter
|}

* All switches and controls (except yoke and pedals) can be operated via "hot-spots".
* Type Ctrl-C to display mouse "hot-spots".

===Startup===
# fuel on most full main ("f" toggles selector on left side)
# all toggles OFF
# battery master switch to ON ("!" toggles battery master switch)
# alternator master switch to ON ("@" toggles battery master switch)
# electric fuel pump ON ("#" toggles fuel pump switch)
# operate primer pump three times then locked (ctrl-P cycles primer)
# "CLEAR PROP"
# key to start ("s" engages starter)
# pitot heat ON if IFR ("*" toggles pitot heat switch)
# beacon ("%"), nav lights ("~"), strobe lights ("^") ON as required
# landing light if night ("$" toggles landing light switch)
# release parking brake ("B" releases brake)

===Takeoff===
Takeoff check list on panel.

===Landing===
Landing check list on panel.

== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
'''Outside:'''
* propeller is not visible (transparent) when rotating
* flaps are moving in steps, they are not fluxional animated
* wings and wheels are not textured

'''3D Cockpit:'''
* cockpit instruments look flat, they don't have a 3d look
* cockpit is not textured
* no pilot or co pilot present

== Related content ==
=== Related lists ===
* [[Aircraft]]
* [[Aircraft Todo]]
* [[FlightGear 1.0 default aircraft]]

{{piper}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]
[[Category:Candidate Aircraft for next release]]

Cessna 550 Citation II

2009-04-14T20:09:16Z

Mdsmith2:

{{stub}}
{{infobox Aircraft
|image =Cessna550.jpg
|name =Cessna 550 Citation II
|type =Business Jet
|authors = Curtis Olson, Syd Adams
|fdm =Yasim
|status = development
|fgname = Citation-II
}}

[[Image:Cessna550_cockpit.jpg|thumb|left|270px|The cockpit of a Cessna 550]]
'''Cessna 550 Citation II'''

The Cessna Citation debuted in [[FlightGear 0.9.8]] in January 2005.

===External links===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_Citation_II Wikipedia]

{{Cessna}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

Short SC.7 Skyvan

2009-04-14T01:02:57Z

Mdsmith2:

{{stub}}

{{infobox Aircraft
|image =
|name =SC.7 Skyvan
|livery =
|type = 2 turboprop
|status = CVS
|authors = Emmanuel Baranger
|fgname =<tt> </tt>
|download =
}}
The Skyvan is a 19-seater twin turboprop aircraft manufactured by Short Brothers of Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is used mainly for short-haul freight and skydiving.

The Skyvan is a high wing twin engined all-metal monoplane with a high cantilever tailplane with twin rudders. The first flight of the Skyvan, the Skyvan 1, was on 17 January 1963.

The Shorts 330 and Shorts 360 are stretched model of the original SC-7 which were designed as regional airliners.

It is on [[CVS]], here http://cvs.flightgear.org/viewvc/data/Aircraft/Skyvan/?sortby=log

==Links==
*[http://helijah.free.fr/flightgear/hangar.htm Helijah's Hangar]
*[[Table of models]]

[[Category:Aircraft]]

North American P-51 Mustang

2009-04-14T01:00:19Z

Mdsmith2: /* Merged with P-51D Manual */

{{infobox Aircraft
|image = P51d-mustang.png
|name = P51D Mustang
|type = Military aircraft
|fdm = YASim
|status =
|authors = Jim Wilson
|fgname = <tt>p51d</tt>
|download = http://www.flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/#p51
|
}}

The P-51D is a piston single engine fighter [[aircraft]];a well-developed warbird for FG v1.0.0.
{|
|__TOC__
|}
==Aircraft Help==
=== Flying Hints ===

NOTE: the yasim config file for this aircraft currently starts up with the booster in 1st stage.

==== Take Off ====

*Set prop pitch to full increased rpm.
*Start engine with throttle at idle.
*Set BOOST stage one (CTRL-b keybinding cycles through stage 0 (off),1, and 2). Default startup for p51-d should have stage one already on.

*Set throttle to 40 inHG Manifold Pressure (MP).

*Be ready to actuate rudder. When the tail first lifts, the torque will pull the nose to the left.
*After tail lifts off slowing move throttle to full open which with stage 1 booster engaged should be about 61 inHG Manifold Pressure.
*Hang on. Stay on top of rudder control with small adjustments or you'll do a ground loop.
*Rotate at 150 mph or so.

==== Climb ====

*Back off MP to 46 inHG. *Adjust propeller pitch to 2700 rpm.
*Keep adding throttle as you climb to maintain 46 inHG until you hit full throttle.
*At 18,000 feet turn on second stage (hit CTRL-b) and back off throttle to 46 inHG.

==== Flying ====

*Trim and Cruise at about 2400 rpm.
*Do not exceed 2700 rpm sustained.
*Do not exceed 3000 rpm military power (aerobatics)
*Do not exceed 3500 rpm in dives.
*Do not exceed 61 inHG Mainfold Pressure (military power), except 71 inHG for maximum of 7 minutes (war emergency power). Note that war emergency power is not for flying fast, rather it is for dogfighting at < 200mph.

==== Landing ====

*A single long sweeping turn from the downwind leg into a short approach seems to work best. Make sure you are below 250mph before starting the turn. Use forward slip as necessary to bleed off speed and altitude at the same time.
* Start applying flaps at 250mph, gear at 175mph, and full flaps at 165mph or less.
*Excessive braking can cause you to nose over. Some recommend raising flaps immediately after touchdown.

=== Performance Data ===

This information is gleaned from various sources:
Maximum Speed: 437 mph

Cruise Speed: 363 mph

Landing Speed: 100 mph

Initial Climb Rate: 3475 feet per minute
Sustained Climb Speed: 175 mph

Service Ceiling: 41,900 (with 2nd Stage booster).

Stall Speed (9000lbs) Gear/Flaps Up: 102mph Gear/Flaps Down: 95mph

== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
Outside:

* front wheels do rotate even when airplane is standing still
* when flaps are lowered, you can see inside the 3d model where the flaps where before
* no cockpit light at night visible
* propeller do rotate in wrong direction from some view points
* aircraft has no shadow
* landing lights and strobe lights are missing
* aircraft has no wheel well area for the landing gears

3d Cockpit:

* no cockpit light at night available
* no ruder control pedals available
* switches and levers can't be controlled with mouse
* cockpit is only partly textured (sidewalls and cockpit fron have no textures)
* no pilot present in cockpit

General:

* engine sound in cockpit does not differ from outside engine sound
* no hud available

== Related lists ==
* [[Aircraft]]
* [[Aircraft Todo]]
* [[Table of models]]
* [[FlightGear 1.0 default aircraft]]

==External links==
*[http://www.vectorsite.net/avp51.html The North American P-51 Mustang (vectorsite.net)]

{{North American}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Military aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]

P-51D Mustang Manual

2009-04-14T00:59:42Z

Mdsmith2: Redirecting to P-51D Mustang#Aircraft Help

#REDIRECT [[P-51D_Mustang#Aircraft_Help]]

Lockheed C-130 Hercules

2009-04-14T00:35:26Z

Mdsmith2:

{{infobox Aircraft
|image = C130.jpg
|name = Lockheed C-130 Hercules
|type = 4-engine turboprop transport
|livery = French Air Force, USCG
|fdm = YASim
|status =
|authors =Baranger Emmanuel (3D), Fabert Didier (texture), Jettoo (FDM), Geoffroy Pierre (Engines)
|fgname =<tt>c130</tt>
|download =http://flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/#C130
}}
The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft built by Lockheed. It is the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. Over 40 models and variants of the Hercules serve with more than 50 nations. In December 2006 the C-130 became the fifth aircraft—after the English Electric Canberra, B-52 Stratofortress, Tupolev Tu-95, and KC-135 Stratotanker—to mark 50 years of continuous use with its original primary customer, in this case, the United States Air Force. The C-130 is also the only military aircraft to remain in continuous production for 50 years with its original customer, as the updated C-130J Super Hercules.
==Aircraft help==
{| class="prettytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
|D
|Open/Close backdoor
|-
|d
|Open/Close crew door
|-
|S
|Start engine smoke
|-
|u
|Stop engine smoke
|-
|Ctrl-j
|Parachutist
|}
===Air to Air Refueling===
As of 04/02/2009, The C130 from [[CVS]] is capable of receiving fuel by [[Howto:_Air-Air_Refueling | Air to Air Refueling]]. You can do Air to Air Refueling by lining up behind the tanker and coming in contact with it as you would with any other AAR aircraft.
== External links ==
* [http://helijah.free.fr/flightgear/hangar.htm Helijah's Hangar]

{{Lockheed}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Military aircraft]]
[[Category:Transport aircraft]]

Lockheed C-130 Hercules

2009-04-14T00:35:03Z

Mdsmith2: /* Forgot to remove a few non-existing set files...*/

{{infobox Aircraft
|image = C130.jpg
|name = Lockheed C-130 Hercules
|type = 4-engine turboprop transport
|livery = French Air Force, USCG
|fdm = YASim
|status =
|authors =Baranger Emmanuel (3D), Fabert Didier (texture), Jettoo (FDM), Geoffroy Pierre (Engines)
|fgname =<tt>c130/tt>
|download =http://flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/#C130
}}
The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft built by Lockheed. It is the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. Over 40 models and variants of the Hercules serve with more than 50 nations. In December 2006 the C-130 became the fifth aircraft—after the English Electric Canberra, B-52 Stratofortress, Tupolev Tu-95, and KC-135 Stratotanker—to mark 50 years of continuous use with its original primary customer, in this case, the United States Air Force. The C-130 is also the only military aircraft to remain in continuous production for 50 years with its original customer, as the updated C-130J Super Hercules.
==Aircraft help==
{| class="prettytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
|D
|Open/Close backdoor
|-
|d
|Open/Close crew door
|-
|S
|Start engine smoke
|-
|u
|Stop engine smoke
|-
|Ctrl-j
|Parachutist
|}
===Air to Air Refueling===
As of 04/02/2009, The C130 from [[CVS]] is capable of receiving fuel by [[Howto:_Air-Air_Refueling | Air to Air Refueling]]. You can do Air to Air Refueling by lining up behind the tanker and coming in contact with it as you would with any other AAR aircraft.
== External links ==
* [http://helijah.free.fr/flightgear/hangar.htm Helijah's Hangar]

{{Lockheed}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Military aircraft]]
[[Category:Transport aircraft]]

Douglas DC-3

2009-04-14T00:34:18Z

Mdsmith2:

{{infobox Aircraft
|image = Douglas_DC3.jpg
|name = Douglas DC-3
|type = Airliner
|fdm = YASim
|status =
|authors = David Megginson
|fgname = <tt>dc3</tt>
}}
The Douglas DC-3 is an American fixed-wing, propeller-driven aircraft whose speed and range revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s. Because of its lasting impact on the airline industry and World War II, it is generally regarded as one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made.

== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
Outside:

* no cockpit light at night visible
* no pilot and co pilot visible
* no light at the passenger windows at night visible
* wings and engines are not textured
* no aircraft light available
* aircraft has no wheel well area for the landing gears
* baydoors for gears are missing

3d Cockpit:

* no cockpit light at night available
* no rudder/stick control in 3d cockpit available
* switches and levers are available but can't be triggered with the mouse
* elevator trim is not animated (or animation is not visible)
* no cockpit instruments available
* cockpit is only partly textured
* no pilot and co pilot present
* cockpit window has no windscreen wipers

General:

* engine sound in cockpit does not differ from outside engine sound
* only one engine is selected by default
* hud is not available
* aircraft has the wrong elevation (approximately 50 meter above the runway) after flying and pressing the reset key
* aircraft is not set on the correct elevation when starting flightsgear, lowest part of the aircraft is approximately 0.40 m above the ground

== External links ==
== Related content ==
=== Related lists ===
* [[Aircraft]]
* [[Aircraft Todo]]

{{Douglas}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Airliners]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]
[[Category:Twin Engine Piston]]

Control surfaces

2009-04-14T00:32:19Z

Mdsmith2:

Aircraft flight control surfaces allow a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight attitude.

Development of an effective set of flight controls was a critical advance in the development of the aircraft. Early efforts at fixed-wing aircraft design succeeded in generating sufficient lift to get the aircraft off the ground, but once aloft, the aircraft proved uncontrollable, often with disastrous results. The development of effective flight controls is what allowed stable flight.
==Ailerons==
[[Image:Ailerons.jpg|thumb|300px|Ailerons (red) on the wings of a [[Cessna C172]]]]'''Ailerons''' are hinged control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. The ailerons are used to control the aircraft in roll. The two ailerons are typically interconnected so that one goes down when the other goes up: the downgoing aileron increases the lift on its wing while the upgoing aileron reduces the lift on the other wing, producing a rolling moment about the aircraft's longitudinal axis. The word aileron is French for "little wing."
==Wingtip Devices==
[[Image:Wingtip_device.jpg|thumb|300px|A wingtip device (red) on the wing of a [[Boeing 747]]]]'''Wingtip device'''s, sometimes know as winglets, are usually intended to improve the efficiency of fixed-wing [[aircraft]]. There are several types of devices, and though they function in different manners, the intended aerodynamic effect is to modify the aircraft's wake in some beneficial manner. Wingtip devices can also improve aircraft handling characteristics. From a marketing standpoint, they are also valued for their aesthetic appeal, and aircraft have been equipped with them for cosmetic reasons as well.
==Elevators==
[[Image:Elevator.jpg|thumb|300px|Elevators on the tail of a [[Boeing 777-200]]]]'''Elevator'''s are control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's orientation by changing the pitch of the aircraft, and so also the angle of attack of the wing. An increased wing angle of attack will cause a greater lift to be produced by the profile of the wing, and a slowing of the aircraft. A decreased angle of attack will produce an increase in speed (a dive). The elevators may be the only pitch control surface present (and are then called a stabilator), or may be hinged to a fixed or adjustable surface called a stabilizer.
==Flaps==
[[Image:Flaps.jpg|thumb|300px|Flaps (red) on the wings of a [[Cessna C172]]]]'''Flaps''' are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wings of a fixed-wing aircraft. As flaps are extended the stalling speed of the aircraft is reduced. Flaps are also used on the leading edge of the wings of some high-speed jet aircraft, where they may be called slats.

Flaps reduce the stalling speed by increasing the camber of the wing and thereby increasing the maximum lift coefficient. Some trailing edge flaps also increase the area of the wing and, for any given aircraft weight, this reduces the stalling speed. The Fowler flap is an example of one which increases the area of the wing.
==Rudder==
[[Image:Rudder.jpg|thumb|300px|Rudder (red) on the tail of a [[Cessna C172]]]]On an aircraft, the '''rudder''' is called a "control surface" along with the rudder-like elevator (attached to horizontal tail structure) and [[aileron]]s (attached to the wings) that control [[pitch]] and [[roll]]. The rudder is usually attached to the fin (or vertical stabilizer) which allows the pilot to control yaw in the vertical axis, i.e. change the horizontal direction in which the nose is pointing. The rudder's direction is manipulated with the movement of foot pedals by the pilot.
[[Category:Aircraft controls]]

Wingtip device

2009-04-14T00:29:00Z

Mdsmith2: Redirecting to Control Surfaces#Wingtip Devicess

#REDIRECT [[Control_Surfaces#Wingtip_Devicess]]

Control surfaces

2009-04-14T00:28:43Z

Mdsmith2:

==Ailerons==
[[Image:Ailerons.jpg|thumb|300px|Ailerons (red) on the wings of a [[Cessna C172]]]]'''Ailerons''' are hinged control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. The ailerons are used to control the aircraft in roll. The two ailerons are typically interconnected so that one goes down when the other goes up: the downgoing aileron increases the lift on its wing while the upgoing aileron reduces the lift on the other wing, producing a rolling moment about the aircraft's longitudinal axis. The word aileron is French for "little wing."
==Wingtip Devices==
[[Image:Wingtip_device.jpg|thumb|300px|A wingtip device (red) on the wing of a [[Boeing 747]]]]'''Wingtip device'''s, sometimes know as winglets, are usually intended to improve the efficiency of fixed-wing [[aircraft]]. There are several types of devices, and though they function in different manners, the intended aerodynamic effect is to modify the aircraft's wake in some beneficial manner. Wingtip devices can also improve aircraft handling characteristics. From a marketing standpoint, they are also valued for their aesthetic appeal, and aircraft have been equipped with them for cosmetic reasons as well.
==Elevators==
[[Image:Elevator.jpg|thumb|300px|Elevators on the tail of a [[Boeing 777-200]]]]'''Elevator'''s are control surfaces, usually at the rear of an aircraft, which control the aircraft's orientation by changing the pitch of the aircraft, and so also the angle of attack of the wing. An increased wing angle of attack will cause a greater lift to be produced by the profile of the wing, and a slowing of the aircraft. A decreased angle of attack will produce an increase in speed (a dive). The elevators may be the only pitch control surface present (and are then called a stabilator), or may be hinged to a fixed or adjustable surface called a stabilizer.
==Flaps==
[[Image:Flaps.jpg|thumb|300px|Flaps (red) on the wings of a [[Cessna C172]]]]'''Flaps''' are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wings of a fixed-wing aircraft. As flaps are extended the stalling speed of the aircraft is reduced. Flaps are also used on the leading edge of the wings of some high-speed jet aircraft, where they may be called slats.

Flaps reduce the stalling speed by increasing the camber of the wing and thereby increasing the maximum lift coefficient. Some trailing edge flaps also increase the area of the wing and, for any given aircraft weight, this reduces the stalling speed. The Fowler flap is an example of one which increases the area of the wing.
==Rudder==
[[Image:Rudder.jpg|thumb|300px|Rudder (red) on the tail of a [[Cessna C172]]]]On an aircraft, the '''rudder''' is called a "control surface" along with the rudder-like elevator (attached to horizontal tail structure) and [[aileron]]s (attached to the wings) that control [[pitch]] and [[roll]]. The rudder is usually attached to the fin (or vertical stabilizer) which allows the pilot to control yaw in the vertical axis, i.e. change the horizontal direction in which the nose is pointing. The rudder's direction is manipulated with the movement of foot pedals by the pilot.
[[Category:Aircraft controls]]

Powerplant

2009-04-14T00:19:54Z

Mdsmith2:

An aircraft engine (know as the powerplant) is a propulsion system for an aircraft. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines. This article is an overview of the basic types of aircraft engines and the design concepts employed in engine development for aircraft.

==Engine==
===Reciprocating===
A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the niche application Stirling engine.
===Turboprop===
While military fighters require very high speeds, many civil airplanes do not. Yet, civil aircraft designers wanted to benefit from the high power and low maintenance that a gas turbine engine offered. Thus was born the idea to mate a turbine engine to a traditional propeller. Because gas turbines optimally spin at high speed, a turboprop features a gearbox to lower the speed of the shaft so that the propeller tips don't reach supersonic speeds. Often the turbines which drive the propeller are separate from the rest of the rotating components so that they are free to rotate at their own best speed (referred to as a free-turbine engine). A turboprop is very efficient when operated within the realm of cruise speeds it was designed for, which is typically 200 to 400 mph (640 km/h).
===Turbojet===
A turbojet is a type of gas turbine engine that was originally developed for military fighters during World War II. A turbojet is the simplest of all aircraft gas turbines. It features a compressor to draw air in and compress it, a combustion section which adds fuel and ignites it, one or more turbines that extract power from the expanding exhaust gases to drive the compressor, and an exhaust nozzle which accelerates the exhaust out the back of the engine to create thrust. When turbojets were introduced, the top speed of fighter aircraft equipped with them was at least 100 miles per hour faster than competing piston-driven aircraft. The relative simplicity of turbojet designs lent themselves to massive wartime production, but the war ended before any turbojets could be mass-produced. In the years after the war, the drawbacks of the turbojet gradually became apparent. Below about Mach 2, turbojets are very fuel inefficient and create tremendous amounts of noise. The early designs also respond very slowly to power changes, a fact which killed many experienced pilots when they attempted to transition to jets. These drawbacks eventually led to the downfall of the pure turbojet, and only a handful of types are still in production. The last airliner that used turbojets was the Concorde, whose Mach 2 flight crossed the threshold into efficient turbojet operation.
===Turbofan===
[[Image:Turbofan.jpg|thumb|300px|Turbofan on the wing of a [[Boeing 777-200]]]]A '''turbofan''' is a type of jet engine, similar to a turbojet. It essentially consists of a ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine mounted behind it that powers the fan. Part of the airstream from the ducted fan passes through the turbojet where it is burnt to power the fan, but the majority of the flow bypasses it, and very often produces most of the thrust.
====Afterburners====
[[Image:Afterburner.jpg|thumb|300px|Afterburner on the tail of a [[General_Dynamics_F-16|F16]]]]An '''afterburner''' is an additional component added to some jet engines, primarily those on supersonic aircraft. Its purpose is to provide a temporary increase in thrust, both for supersonic flight and for takeoff (as the high wing loading typical of supersonic aircraft designs means that take-off speed is very high). On military aircraft the extra thrust is also useful for combat situations. This is achieved by injecting additional fuel into the jet pipe downstream of (i.e. after) the turbine. This fuel is ignited by the hot exhaust gases and adds greatly to the thrust of the engine. The advantage of afterburning is significantly increased thrust; the disadvantage of afterburning is its very high fuel consumption and inefficiency but this is acceptable for the short periods in which it is usually used.
===Thrust reversal===
[[Image:Thrust_reversers.jpg|thumb|300px|Thrus reverser (red) on the tail of a [[Cessna Citation Bravo]]]]'''Thrust reversal''', also called '''reverse thrust''', is the temporary diversion of an aircraft engine's output so that the thrust produced is directed forward, rather than aft. This acts against the forward travel of the aircraft, providing deceleration. Thrust reversers are used by many jet aircraft to help slow down just after touch-down, reducing wear on the brakes and enabling shorter landing distances. It is also available on many propeller aircraft through reversing the controllable pitch propellers to a negative angle.

==Propeller==
[[Image:Propeller.jpg|thumb|300px|Propeller on the wing of a [[Cessna C310]]]]A propeller is essentially a type of fan which transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an aircraft, ship, or submarine through a fluid such as water or air, by rotating two or more twisted blades about a central shaft, in a manner analogous to rotating a screw through a solid. The blades of a propeller act as rotating wings (the blades of a propeller are in fact wings or airfoils), and produce force through application of both Bernoulli's principle and Newton's third law, generating a difference in pressure between the forward and rear surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blades and by accelerating a mass of air rearward.
==Related Content==
* [[Howto: Add thrust reversal]]
[[Category:Aircraft controls]]

Propeller

2009-04-14T00:11:05Z

Mdsmith2: /* Merged with Powerplant */

#REDIRECT [[Powerplant#Propeller]]

Propeller

2009-04-14T00:10:23Z

Mdsmith2: /* Merged with Powerplant */

#REDIRECT http://wiki.flightgear.org/index.php/Powerplant#Propeller

Powerplant

2009-04-14T00:09:17Z

Mdsmith2: /* Piston Engine */

An aircraft engine (know as the powerplant) is a propulsion system for an aircraft. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines. This article is an overview of the basic types of aircraft engines and the design concepts employed in engine development for aircraft.

==Piston Engine==
TODO
===Propeller===
[[Image:Propeller.jpg|thumb|300px|Propeller on the wing of a [[Cessna C310]]]]A propeller is essentially a type of fan which transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an aircraft, ship, or submarine through a fluid such as water or air, by rotating two or more twisted blades about a central shaft, in a manner analogous to rotating a screw through a solid. The blades of a propeller act as rotating wings (the blades of a propeller are in fact wings or airfoils), and produce force through application of both Bernoulli's principle and Newton's third law, generating a difference in pressure between the forward and rear surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blades and by accelerating a mass of air rearward.

==Turboprop==
While military fighters require very high speeds, many civil airplanes do not. Yet, civil aircraft designers wanted to benefit from the high power and low maintenance that a gas turbine engine offered. Thus was born the idea to mate a turbine engine to a traditional propeller. Because gas turbines optimally spin at high speed, a turboprop features a gearbox to lower the speed of the shaft so that the propeller tips don't reach supersonic speeds. Often the turbines which drive the propeller are separate from the rest of the rotating components so that they are free to rotate at their own best speed (referred to as a free-turbine engine). A turboprop is very efficient when operated within the realm of cruise speeds it was designed for, which is typically 200 to 400 mph (640 km/h).
==Turbojet==
A turbojet is a type of gas turbine engine that was originally developed for military fighters during World War II. A turbojet is the simplest of all aircraft gas turbines. It features a compressor to draw air in and compress it, a combustion section which adds fuel and ignites it, one or more turbines that extract power from the expanding exhaust gases to drive the compressor, and an exhaust nozzle which accelerates the exhaust out the back of the engine to create thrust. When turbojets were introduced, the top speed of fighter aircraft equipped with them was at least 100 miles per hour faster than competing piston-driven aircraft. The relative simplicity of turbojet designs lent themselves to massive wartime production, but the war ended before any turbojets could be mass-produced. In the years after the war, the drawbacks of the turbojet gradually became apparent. Below about Mach 2, turbojets are very fuel inefficient and create tremendous amounts of noise. The early designs also respond very slowly to power changes, a fact which killed many experienced pilots when they attempted to transition to jets. These drawbacks eventually led to the downfall of the pure turbojet, and only a handful of types are still in production. The last airliner that used turbojets was the Concorde, whose Mach 2 flight crossed the threshold into efficient turbojet operation.
==Turbofan==
[[Image:Turbofan.jpg|thumb|300px|Turbofan on the wing of a [[Boeing 777-200]]]]A '''turbofan''' is a type of jet engine, similar to a turbojet. It essentially consists of a ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine mounted behind it that powers the fan. Part of the airstream from the ducted fan passes through the turbojet where it is burnt to power the fan, but the majority of the flow bypasses it, and very often produces most of the thrust.
==Thrust reversal==
[[Image:Thrust_reversers.jpg|thumb|300px|Thrus reverser (red) on the tail of a [[Cessna Citation Bravo]]]]'''Thrust reversal''', also called '''reverse thrust''', is the temporary diversion of an aircraft engine's output so that the thrust produced is directed forward, rather than aft. This acts against the forward travel of the aircraft, providing deceleration. Thrust reversers are used by many jet aircraft to help slow down just after touch-down, reducing wear on the brakes and enabling shorter landing distances. It is also available on many propeller aircraft through reversing the controllable pitch propellers to a negative angle.

==Afterburners==
[[Image:Afterburner.jpg|thumb|300px|Afterburner on the tail of a [[General_Dynamics_F-16|F16]]]]An '''afterburner''' is an additional component added to some jet engines, primarily those on supersonic aircraft. Its purpose is to provide a temporary increase in thrust, both for supersonic flight and for takeoff (as the high wing loading typical of supersonic aircraft designs means that take-off speed is very high). On military aircraft the extra thrust is also useful for combat situations. This is achieved by injecting additional fuel into the jet pipe downstream of (i.e. after) the turbine. This fuel is ignited by the hot exhaust gases and adds greatly to the thrust of the engine. The advantage of afterburning is significantly increased thrust; the disadvantage of afterburning is its very high fuel consumption and inefficiency but this is acceptable for the short periods in which it is usually used.

==Related Content==
* [[Howto: Add thrust reversal]]
[[Category:Aircraft controls]]

Engines

2009-04-14T00:08:16Z

Mdsmith2: Engines moved to Powerplant over redirect

#REDIRECT [[Powerplant]]

Powerplant

2009-04-14T00:08:16Z

Mdsmith2: Engines moved to Powerplant over redirect

An aircraft engine (know as the powerplant) is a propulsion system for an aircraft. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines. This article is an overview of the basic types of aircraft engines and the design concepts employed in engine development for aircraft.

==Piston Engine==
TODO
==Turboprop==
While military fighters require very high speeds, many civil airplanes do not. Yet, civil aircraft designers wanted to benefit from the high power and low maintenance that a gas turbine engine offered. Thus was born the idea to mate a turbine engine to a traditional propeller. Because gas turbines optimally spin at high speed, a turboprop features a gearbox to lower the speed of the shaft so that the propeller tips don't reach supersonic speeds. Often the turbines which drive the propeller are separate from the rest of the rotating components so that they are free to rotate at their own best speed (referred to as a free-turbine engine). A turboprop is very efficient when operated within the realm of cruise speeds it was designed for, which is typically 200 to 400 mph (640 km/h).
==Turbojet==
A turbojet is a type of gas turbine engine that was originally developed for military fighters during World War II. A turbojet is the simplest of all aircraft gas turbines. It features a compressor to draw air in and compress it, a combustion section which adds fuel and ignites it, one or more turbines that extract power from the expanding exhaust gases to drive the compressor, and an exhaust nozzle which accelerates the exhaust out the back of the engine to create thrust. When turbojets were introduced, the top speed of fighter aircraft equipped with them was at least 100 miles per hour faster than competing piston-driven aircraft. The relative simplicity of turbojet designs lent themselves to massive wartime production, but the war ended before any turbojets could be mass-produced. In the years after the war, the drawbacks of the turbojet gradually became apparent. Below about Mach 2, turbojets are very fuel inefficient and create tremendous amounts of noise. The early designs also respond very slowly to power changes, a fact which killed many experienced pilots when they attempted to transition to jets. These drawbacks eventually led to the downfall of the pure turbojet, and only a handful of types are still in production. The last airliner that used turbojets was the Concorde, whose Mach 2 flight crossed the threshold into efficient turbojet operation.
==Turbofan==
[[Image:Turbofan.jpg|thumb|300px|Turbofan on the wing of a [[Boeing 777-200]]]]A '''turbofan''' is a type of jet engine, similar to a turbojet. It essentially consists of a ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine mounted behind it that powers the fan. Part of the airstream from the ducted fan passes through the turbojet where it is burnt to power the fan, but the majority of the flow bypasses it, and very often produces most of the thrust.
==Thrust reversal==
[[Image:Thrust_reversers.jpg|thumb|300px|Thrus reverser (red) on the tail of a [[Cessna Citation Bravo]]]]'''Thrust reversal''', also called '''reverse thrust''', is the temporary diversion of an aircraft engine's output so that the thrust produced is directed forward, rather than aft. This acts against the forward travel of the aircraft, providing deceleration. Thrust reversers are used by many jet aircraft to help slow down just after touch-down, reducing wear on the brakes and enabling shorter landing distances. It is also available on many propeller aircraft through reversing the controllable pitch propellers to a negative angle.

==Afterburners==
[[Image:Afterburner.jpg|thumb|300px|Afterburner on the tail of a [[General_Dynamics_F-16|F16]]]]An '''afterburner''' is an additional component added to some jet engines, primarily those on supersonic aircraft. Its purpose is to provide a temporary increase in thrust, both for supersonic flight and for takeoff (as the high wing loading typical of supersonic aircraft designs means that take-off speed is very high). On military aircraft the extra thrust is also useful for combat situations. This is achieved by injecting additional fuel into the jet pipe downstream of (i.e. after) the turbine. This fuel is ignited by the hot exhaust gases and adds greatly to the thrust of the engine. The advantage of afterburning is significantly increased thrust; the disadvantage of afterburning is its very high fuel consumption and inefficiency but this is acceptable for the short periods in which it is usually used.

==Related Content==
* [[Howto: Add thrust reversal]]
[[Category:Aircraft controls]]

Ercoupe 415-C

2009-04-14T00:05:30Z

Mdsmith2:

{{infobox Aircraft
|image = ercoupe.jpg
|name =Ercoupe 415-C
|type = Single piston engine light airplane
|fdm = [[JSBSim]]
|status =Alpha
|authors = Ron Jensen (3D/[[FDM]]), pab (3D)
|fgname =<tt> ercoupe </tt>
|download =http://www.flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/#Ercoupe
}}

The ERCO Ercoupe is a low wing monoplane first manufactured by the Engineering and Research Corporation (or ERCO) shortly before World War II. It was designed to be the safest fixed-wing aircraft that aerospace engineering could provide at the time, and the type still enjoys a very faithful following today.

Ercoupe Model 415-C is a single piston engine plane that entered production in 1940, known for its anti-spin technology. An alpha version debuted with [[FlightGear 1.9.0]].

http://cvs.flightgear.org/viewvc/data/Aircraft/ercoupe/

[[image:Ercoupe-cockpit.jpg|thumb|The 3D cockpit of the Ercoupe|250px]]
==Aircraft Help==
{| class="prettytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
|Ctrl-B
|Open/Close Canopy (which also acts like airbrakes)
|}
==Related==
A surviving Ercoupe is on display at [[EAA AirVenture Museum]] in Oshkosh, USA
*[[Table of models]]
==External links==
*http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/Ercoupe%20415-C.asp
[[Category:Aircraft]]

File:Ercoupe-cockpit.jpg

2009-04-14T00:00:20Z

Mdsmith2:

Ercoupe 415-C

2009-04-13T23:54:48Z

Mdsmith2:

{{infobox Aircraft
|image = ercoupe.jpg
|name =Ercoupe 415-C
|type = Single piston engine light airplane
|fdm = [[JSBSim]]
|status =Alpha
|authors = Ron Jensen (3D/[[FDM]]), pab (3D)
|fgname =<tt> ercoupe </tt>
|download =http://www.flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/#Ercoupe
}}

The ERCO Ercoupe is a low wing monoplane first manufactured by the Engineering and Research Corporation (or ERCO) shortly before World War II. It was designed to be the safest fixed-wing aircraft that aerospace engineering could provide at the time, and the type still enjoys a very faithful following today.

Ercoupe Model 415-C is a single piston engine plane that entered production in 1940, known for its anti-spin technology. An alpha version debuted with [[FlightGear 1.9.0]].

http://cvs.flightgear.org/viewvc/data/Aircraft/ercoupe/
==Aircraft Help==
{| class="prettytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
|Ctrl-B
|Open/Close Canopy (which also acts like airbrakes)
|}
==Related==
A surviving Ercoupe is on display at [[EAA AirVenture Museum]] in Oshkosh, USA
*[[Table of models]]
==External links==
*http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/Ercoupe%20415-C.asp
[[Category:Aircraft]]

File:Ercoupe.jpg

2009-04-13T23:54:03Z

Mdsmith2:

Glaser-Dirks DG-300

2009-04-13T22:58:57Z

Mdsmith2: /* TODO */

{{infobox Aircraft
|name = Glaser-Dirks DG-300
|image =DG-300.jpg
|type =Glider
|authors =Michael Smith
|fdm =[[Yasim]]
|status = Alpha
|fgname = DG-300
|download = http://mdsmith2.oxyhost.com/files/DG-300.zip
}}
[[image:DG-300-Cockpit.jpg|thumb|300|DG-300 Cockpit]] The '''Glaser-Dirks DG-300''' is a Standard Class single-seat high performance [[:Category:Glider|sailplane]] built of glass-reinforced plastic. The DG-300 was designed by Wilhelm Dirks and manufactured by Glaser-Dirks Flugzeugbau's Slovenian partner company Elan. A total of 511 of all versions were built since production started in 1983. Representative contemporary types from competing manufacturers are the Rolladen-Schneider LS4 and the Schempp-Hirth Discus.

Note that the download is testing so if it breaks you should wait a while and re-download it in case it doesn't work.

==Aircraft help==
===Controls===
{| class="prettytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
|Click
|Places winch
|-
|w
|Start winching
|-
|Shift-w
|Release winch
|-
|Ctrl-o
|Hook aerotow
|-
|Shift-o
|Release aerotow
|-
|Shift-C
|Toggle canopy up/down
|-
|Throttle
|Airbrakes
|}

==Development status/Issues/Todo==
===Finished===
* Exterior Model (except for a couple animations)
* A Basic 3D panel (needs some instruments, though)
* UV Mapped
* FDM (Yasim)
* Canopy fixed (Thanks Helijah!)
* Control Stick
* Liveries over Multiplayer

===TODO===
* Fix the Gear Animations (The gear doors are open when the gear is up and vise versa)
* Add the rest of the instruments
* Add more detail to the cockpit
* Make a more advanced [[JSBSim]] [[FDM]] to replace the [[YASim]] one.

==External Links==
[http://www.gliding-in-melbourne.org/new/files/fmanuals/DG300.pdf DG-300 Owners Manual]
[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]
[[Category:Gliders]]

Cessna 172R

2009-04-13T22:57:48Z

Mdsmith2:

{{stub}}
{{infobox Aircraft
|image =
|name =Cessna 172R
|type =1-piston light
|fdm =
|status =early prodcution
|authors =Tony Peden (FDM), David Megginson (3D Models), John Check (2D Instruments)
|fgname = <tt>c172r</tt>
}}

The Cessna 172R Skyhawk has different authors from the default C172P.

The C172R was the model when Cessna restarted production of the airframe in the 1990s, while the C172P is based on a 1980s model.

{{Cessna}}

[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Cessna]]

Seneca II Panel Reference

2009-04-13T22:54:53Z

Mdsmith2:

{{merge | Piper PA34-200T Seneca II}}
This is a quick reference to the instruments and controls in the Seneca's cockpit. (Piper PA34-200T Seneca II)
= The Controls of the Seneca II =
[[Image:Seneca_II_reference_left.jpg|thumb|left|Pilot's Panel]]
[[Image:Seneca_II_reference_right.jpg|thumb|left|Co-Pilot's Panel]]
[[Image:Seneca_II_reference_fuel_trim.jpg|thumb|left|Fuel-Trim Console]]
<br clear="all">

# magneto - left engine
# magneto - right engine
# starter - press left for left engine, right for right engine
# primer - left/right engine
# taxi/landing lights
# nav lights
# anit collision lights - left half: fin (beacon), right half: wing (strobes)
# pitot and stall warning heat
# fuel boost pumps - up: high, down: low, center: off
# battery master
# alternator on/off
# switch panel lights dimmer (noop)
# clock
# airspeed indicator
# attitude indicator (artificial horizon)
# altimeter (barometric)
# radar altimeter
# adf indicator
# turn coordinator
# horizontal situation indicator (hsi)
# vertical speed indicator (vsi)
# vor/ils indicator NAV2
# alternator ampere meter (shows alternator load)
# cylinder head temperature
# oil temperature
# oil pressure
# fuel
# RPM left engine
# dual manifold pressure gauge
# RPM right engine
# landing gear lever and emergency gear extension
# landing gear indicator
# autopilot control
# autopilot pitch control
# parking brake
# engine alternate air
# cowl flaps
# instrument lights dimmer
# fuel flow meter
# exhaust gas temperature (EGT) left/right engine
# DME frequency source (NAV1/Hold/NAV2) and ON/OFF
# DME indicator
# HSI gyro control
# ADF radio
# KX165 COM2/NAV2 radio
# KX165 COM1/NAV1 radio
# GMA340 intercom
# surface deice (boots)
# wing ice inspection light
# prop deice
# prop deice control gauge
# windshield deice
# annunciator with test button
# gear warning light
# autopilot capture light
# flap lever
# autopilot mode
# gyro pressure
# cicruit breaker panel
# magnetic compass
# fuel selectors - forward: on, center: off, backwards: cross-feed
# elevator trim
# rudder trim

= Related content =
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
* [[Seneca II Checklist]]
* [[Seneca II HOWTO]]

[[Category:Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]