FlightGear wiki - User contributions [en]

Navigation references

2010-11-29T15:56:58Z

ManDay: /* Types of Documents */

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

== About ==

=== Disclaimer ===

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

=== Purpose ===

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

=== Procedures ===

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

=== Types of Documents ===

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. For a more detailled overview on how in particular ATC interacts with pilots see the [[ATC Tutorial]]. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

== Availability ==

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

== References ==

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

=== Miscellaneous ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

These two pages contain training material from the FAA. Browser further from those pages to find other useful material that teaches you how to fly and use the references provided here.

=== Approach Plates ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== SIDs and STARs ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== NavAids ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/navaids/ || NavAid Specifications || Plaintext
|}

Navaids can be looked up by identifier on ''Airnav'' to obtain a complete datasheet of information about them.

Navigation references

2010-11-29T15:56:06Z

ManDay: /* Types of Documents */

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

== About ==

=== Disclaimer ===

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

=== Purpose ===

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

=== Procedures ===

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

=== Types of Documents ===

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. For a more detailled overview on how in particular ATC interacts with pilots see the [ATC Tutorial]. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

== Availability ==

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

== References ==

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

=== Miscellaneous ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

These two pages contain training material from the FAA. Browser further from those pages to find other useful material that teaches you how to fly and use the references provided here.

=== Approach Plates ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== SIDs and STARs ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== NavAids ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/navaids/ || NavAid Specifications || Plaintext
|}

Navaids can be looked up by identifier on ''Airnav'' to obtain a complete datasheet of information about them.

Navigation references

2010-11-29T15:14:43Z

ManDay: /* References */

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

== About ==

=== Disclaimer ===

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

=== Purpose ===

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

=== Procedures ===

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

=== Types of Documents ===

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

== Availability ==

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

== References ==

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

=== Miscellaneous ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

These two pages contain training material from the FAA. Browser further from those pages to find other useful material that teaches you how to fly and use the references provided here.

=== Approach Plates ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== SIDs and STARs ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== NavAids ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/navaids/ || NavAid Specifications || Plaintext
|}

Navaids can be looked up by identifier on ''Airnav'' to obtain a complete datasheet of information about them.

Navigation references

2010-11-29T12:15:56Z

ManDay: /* United States */

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

== About ==

=== Disclaimer ===

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

=== Purpose ===

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

=== Procedures ===

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

=== Types of Documents ===

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

== Availability ==

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

== References ==

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

=== Miscellaneous ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

=== Training Materials ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

=== Approach Plates ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== SIDs and STARs ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== NavAids ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/navaids/ || NavAid Specifications || Plaintext
|}

Navaids can be looked up by identifier on ''Airnav'' to obtain a complete datasheet of information about them.

Navigation references

2010-11-29T12:15:11Z

ManDay: /* References */

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

== About ==

=== Disclaimer ===

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

=== Purpose ===

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

=== Procedures ===

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

=== Types of Documents ===

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

== Availability ==

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

== References ==

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

=== Miscellaneous ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

=== Training Materials ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

=== Approach Plates ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== SIDs and STARs ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== NavAids ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || NavAid Specifications || Plaintext
|}

Navaids can be looked up by identifier on ''Airnav'' to obtain a complete datasheet of information about them.

Navigation references

2010-11-29T12:12:40Z

ManDay: /* References */

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

== About ==

=== Disclaimer ===

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

=== Purpose ===

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

=== Procedures ===

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

=== Types of Documents ===

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

== Availability ==

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

== References ==

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

=== Miscellaneous ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

=== Training Materials ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

=== Approach Plates ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== SIDs and STARs ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || SIDs & STARs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.
Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

Navigation references

2010-11-29T12:10:19Z

ManDay:

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

== About ==

=== Disclaimer ===

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

=== Purpose ===

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

=== Procedures ===

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

=== Types of Documents ===

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

== Availability ==

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

== References ==

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

=== Miscellaneous ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

=== Training Materials ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

=== Approach Plates ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier. Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

=== SIDs ===

==== United States ====

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.

Navigation references

2010-11-29T11:57:02Z

ManDay: /* United States */

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

= About =

== Disclaimer ==

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

== Purpose ==

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

== Procedures ==

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

== Types of Documents ==

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

= Availability =

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

= References =

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

== Miscellaneous ==

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}
== Training Materials ==

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

== Approach Plates ==

=== United States ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|-
| http://www.airnav.com/airports/ || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier. Airnav is a nother provider which offers about the same service in a slightly more accessible manner.

== SIDs ==

=== United States ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.

== Headline text ==

Navigation references

2010-11-29T11:45:12Z

ManDay: /* Training Materials */

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

= About =

== Disclaimer ==

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

== Purpose ==

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

== Procedures ==

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

== Types of Documents ==

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

= Availability =

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

= References =

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

== Miscellaneous ==

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}
== Training Materials ==

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|}

== Approach Plates ==

=== United States ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.

== SIDs ==

=== United States ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.

== Headline text ==

Aeronautical charts

2010-11-29T11:05:37Z

ManDay:

{{mergeto | References}}

This page contains a list of links to websites with reallife '''IFR charts'''.

* http://www.av8orcharts.com for current full scale NACO charts formatted to print on 8.5"x11" paper.
* http://www.airnav.com for US airports (mainly IAP/SID & STARs)
* http://flightaware.com/
* http://www.fltplan.com/
* [https://164.214.2.62/products/digitalaero/terminals.cfm National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]
* [http://ead.eurocontrol.int/ European AIS Database’s]
* [http://aviationtoolbox.org/raw_data/FAA/sectionals/current/ Sectional and Terminal Area Charts for the US] (VFR Charts, TIFF, huge Files over slow link
* [http://www.vatita.net Italy] (VFR Charts,Airport Charts, etc...)
* [http://www.aisweb.aer.mil.br/aisweb/ Brazil] ("Cartas" weblink you find VFR, IFR, SID, STARs and others charts.)
==AIP==
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization as a publication issued by or with the authority of a state and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation. The structure and contents of AIPs are standardised by international agreement through ICAO. AIPs normally have three parts - GEN (general), ENR (en route) and AD (aerodromes). The document contains many charts; most of these are in the AD section where details and charts of all public aerodromes are published.

A complete list of European AIPs can be found [http://www.eurocontrol.int/aim/public/standard_page/web_eur.html here].

* [http://www.aisweb.aer.mil.br/aisweb/aip_brasilMain.do Brazil]
* [http://www.slv.dk/Dokumenter/dscgi/ds.py/View/Collection-94 Denmark] (also includes Greenland and the Faeroe Islands)
* [http://www.sia.aviation-civile.gouv.fr/aip/enligne/fr/home.htm France]
* [http://www.ais.fi/ais/eaip/en/ Finland]
* [http://www.ais-netherlands.nl/aim/index.html the Netherlands]
* [http://www.lfv.se/en/Flightplanning-FPC1/IAIP/ Sweden]
* [http://www.nats-uk.ead-it.com/public/index.php%3Foption=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=165&Itemid=3.html United Kingdom]

Navigation references

2010-11-29T11:04:40Z

ManDay:

{{mergefrom | Getting IFR Charts}}

= About =

== Disclaimer ==

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

== Purpose ==

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

== Procedures ==

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

== Types of Documents ==

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

= Availability =

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

= References =

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

== Miscellaneous ==

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}
== Training Materials ==

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_flying_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Handbook || PDF Document - Individual chapters only
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/ || FAA Instrument Flying Procedures || PDF Document - Individual chapters and whole book
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/ || FAA Manuals || Web Page of links to handbooks and manuals
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/library/ || FAA Library || Web Page
|-
| http://www.faa.gov/ || Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) || Website
|}

== Approach Plates ==

=== United States ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.

== SIDs ==

=== United States ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.

== Headline text ==

Navigation references

2010-11-28T18:49:06Z

ManDay: /* References */

= About =

== Disclaimer ==

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

== Purpose ==

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

== Procedures ==

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

== Types of Documents ==

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

= Availability =

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

= References =

'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.

== Miscellaneous ==

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/ || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|}

This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

== Approach Plates ==

=== United States ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || Approach Plates || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.

== SIDs ==

=== United States ===

{| border="1"
! URL !! Content !! Type
|-
| http://aeronav.faa.gov/index.asp?xml=aeronav/applications/d_tpp || SIDs || PDF, vectorized
|}

The FAA provides its information as part of public domain. The above page is the entry point to their database of ''Terminal Procedures''. You can obtain airport specific information per state and FAA- or ICAO-Airport identifier.

Navigation references

2010-11-28T18:39:29Z

ManDay:

= About =

== Disclaimer ==

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

== Purpose ==

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

== Procedures ==

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

== Types of Documents ==

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

= Availability =

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA, has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository, not to mention providing the data as part of Flightgear.

However, the data widely remains free, yet not without license, so that this document shall collect a comprehensive list of '''free''' sources that can be used to plan and fly according to real world regulations.

The particular usage of each of the references is beyond the scope of this document but should, with a little research, be accessible. For instance, for how [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approach_plate Approach plates] are used, you can consult [http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/ndb-appr.htm NAVFLTSM's documentation].

Apart from that, you can can consult the article on [Naviation] which is currently still marked as ''Stub'' and not useful but could be enhanced.

= References =

----
'''Note to Editors:''' Please provide, for each entry, at least the ''URL'' of the reference, ''what'' it provides, in which ''format'' or ''how'' it is provided and a ''description'', the longer the merrier. Thank you.
----

== Miscellaneous ==

{|
! URL !! Content !! Type !! Comment
|-
[http://rfinder.asalink.net/free/] || Flight Plan Generator || Plain Text, human readable on the website
|This page generates a flightplan of yet unknown quality. The service is the free version of an otherwise commerical service and is based, according to the page on a recent database of yet unknown origin. The en route waypoints appear to match real flightplans, SID and STAR are not clearly realistic.
|}

Navigation references

2010-11-28T18:22:08Z

ManDay:

= About =

== Disclaimer ==

'''A few words of warning ahead:''' This article (in the spirit of Wikis) is to be enhanced! It has been started by someone who has an at best crude understanding of navigation and absolutly no experience in writing Wiki-Articles. That said, he layed out a structure of which he thinks that it would help collecting the required information. Each of the following sections is incomplete and requires further information. Please add whatever you can, even if it's just a sigle line.

== Purpose ==

This page should help to collect information on ''where'' and ''how'' to find references for '''Navigation'''. It is also meant to ellaborate a little bit on the ''why'' it is so difficult to maintain a comprehensive and complete navigational database in Flightgear.

In general, many different types of documents exist to help pilots navigate, both on ground at the airport and in air. There is a plenthora of regulations, formalized procedures and documentation, each of which might differ from country to country.

Since this is a simulation you are not obliged to heed nor read any of those. However, many people strive for a maximum amount of realism and hence challenge when they fly, so while you could just power up the engines, take off straight from the taxiway and land in an equally ''practically oriented'' manner, you might appreciate the complexity which you would be faced with in a real plane and fly accordingly.

== Procedures ==

In reality, depending on the airport, you would be instructed either by ATC and/or written airport regulations. You would have to follow precise procedures for lighting, engine control and navigating to the runway.

On the runway, once allowed to, you take off according to your planes specifications and follow a certain path away from the airport.

From that point on, it depends on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of Airspace] what you can and will do. For strongly regulated airspaces, you follow the exact orders of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control ATC], which in turn instructs you according to their own precise regulations and documents.

If you are flying VFR, you normally take over navigation yourself and fly whereever the regulations allow you to. If you are flying IFR, you will follow your flightplan. This very flightplan is it that is subject to many regulations.

== Types of Documents ==

For every part of your flight there are certain regulations. In general, any ATC-given instruction by...

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the airport
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when taking off
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a short distance IFR flight or when not yet finished [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Instrument_Departure SID transit] on a long distance IFR flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a VFR flight in regulated [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class airspace]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_Control_Center Center] en route on an IFR long distance flight
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Local_control_or_air_control Air Control] on a long distance IFR flight after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_terminal_arrival_route transit to STAR]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control#Approach_and_terminal_control Approach] when landing on an airport

and again

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control Ground Control] on ground at the destination airport

automatically take precedence over whatever you have read, heard or want to do. So without any ATC anywhere on your way from your source gate to the destination gate, you would fly according to documents and regulations that you have read.

If there is ATC in place, they will hopefully and likely instruct you to operate, just like you would operate on your own. That means that they have read and act by the very same documents and regulations that you have read, but as opposed to you they have an overview over everything that is happening and might account for that, giving instructions on a per-case basis. In aviation, the ATC is the ''Executive'' of airspace while the according governmental insitutions, such as the [http://www.faa.gov/ FAA] for the U.S. are the ''Legislative''.

This page should document the ''Law'' itsself -- and in particular where to find it -- meaning the documents by which flying under either circumstances is governed. The cirumstances themselves can me manifold, depending on not just '''phase of flight''' but also on '''country''', '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspace_class class of airspace]''' and '''type of aircraft'''.

= Availability =

One could assume that ''the law of flying'' is readily available for everyone to read up and distribute, so that everyone knows it and flys according to it. Unfortunally, reality looks different. While there might have been a time when documents of this kind were freely available, this beneficial attitude has fell victim to today's capitalism and bureaucracy.

'''The law of flying is generally not openly available'''.

Quoting the Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF DAFIF], a

<blockquote>complete and comprehensive database of up-to-date [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautics aeronautical] data</blockquote>

was public domain until 2006, when copyright claims on particular pieces forced the according authorities to withdraw it. Since then, a convoluted forest of licensing has driven the data into far-spread corners of the internet and into the hands of commerical organisations and only a fraction, in particular all data owned by the FAA has remained public domain.

Due to these sad circumstances it became virtually impossible to obtain the ''law of flying'' from a central comprehensive repository.

Navigation references

2010-11-28T18:05:02Z

ManDay: First summary

Navigation references

2010-11-28T17:52:09Z

ManDay:

Navigation references

2010-11-28T16:57:13Z

ManDay: First Edit