FlightGear wiki - User contributions [en]

Aircraft lighting

2024-05-11T02:33:07Z

LoCall: add missing hyphens and added some Rules of Use for the lights.

[[Aircraft|Planes]] are equipped with a variety of lights that are used for navigation, safety, and to improve visibility during flight or when taxiing on the ground. The external lights on aircraft fall into two general categories. The first is navigation lights or beacons that are always illuminated while the aircraft is in operation. A second type includes take-off and landing lights that are used to improve visibility when the plane is close to or on the ground. Several of these lights are discussed in greater detail below.

=== Navigation lights ===
Most modern aircraft are equipped with a steady light near the leading edge of each wing tip. When facing forward from the perspective of the pilot, the light on the right wing tip is green, and that on the left wing is red. The different colors make it possible for an outside observer, such as the pilot of another aircraft, to determine which direction the plane is flying. These navigation lights are most useful at night when it is more difficult to tell the direction the plane is going without them.

=== Navigation or Position lights ===
In addition to the red and green lights, most planes are also fitted with other steady white navigation lights in various locations. Large airliners, in particular, will often have such lighting on the trailing edge of each wing tip. These lights are also sometimes placed along the trailing edges of the horizontal tail. Another popular location is at the very aft end of the fuselage or at the top of the vertical tail. One of these latter lights placed along the aircraft centerline is especially common on smaller airliners and commuter planes. Whatever the location, the purpose of these steady white lights is to improve the plane's visibility from behind the aircraft.

=== Anti-Collision Beacon lights ===
Two beacon lights are fitted to aircraft near the center of the fuselage. One is located on top of the fuselage and the other on the bottom. These lights are colored reddish orange rotating or flashing effect. The beacons are turned on just before the engines are started and they remain active until 10 to 30 seconds after the last engine is shut down. The beacons help to serve as a safety warning to ground personnel that the engines are operational.

=== Strobe lights ===
High-intensity strobe lights that flash a white-colored light are located on each wing tip. Most smaller planes are only equipped with one of these strobes near the leading edge just behind the red or green navigation light. Larger airliners may be equipped with an additional strobe at the trailing edge as well. These flashing lights are very bright and intended to attract attention during flight. Small planes with less dazzling white strobes may also use them during taxi to make the plane more conspicuous. Aircraft's with powerful white strobe use to switch them on while cleared to enter the runway. This is used by controller as double check of runway penetration.

Strobe lights might be switched off while flying through dense white clouds in order to avoid the pilots to be dazzled by the flash effect.

=== Logo lights ===
These lights are not required but are common on most commercial aircraft. The lights are usually located on the surface of or at the tips of the horizontal stabilizer. The steady white lights are used to illuminate the company's logo painted on the vertical tail. While useful for advertising, the primary purpose of these lights to help ground services like, luggage, catering, cleaning, etc, to avoid to mistake aircraft awaiting for services.

=== Wing lights ===
Many airliners feature lights along the root of the wing leading edge that can be used to illuminate the wing and engine pylons in flight. These lights are used primarily to inspect the wings for icing and possible damage in flight, and while taking-off and landing, to make enlightened and conspicuous the possible emergency exit paths.

Theses lights illuminate the front part of the wing instead the rear one, because this where ice accumulation is greater and have the worst effect.

=== Taxi lights ===
A bright white lamp is located on the nose landing gear strut of most planes. This light is typically turned on whenever the aircraft is in motion on the ground for greater visibility during taxi.

The bulb lamps mounted on the front gear tend to be submitted to more intense shaking while taking-off, this triggering a high risk to damage it and not have it working while taxiing after landing.

This is also why most of these aircraft recommend to turn off this light(s) before accelerating on the runway.

=== Landing lights ===
Bright white landing lights are usually fitted to most planes for enhanced visibility during the landing approach. These lights can also be used to illuminate the runway at poorly lit airports. They are often required for night landings but also commonly used during the day as well to make the plane more noticeable. While the usage of these lights is common, their location can vary from plane to plane. Landing lights may be located in the wing root, in the outboard wing, or somewhere along the forward fuselage. Some aircraft are equipped with multiple sets of landing lights in more than one of these locations. The 737, for example, has inboard landing lights located in the wing root as well as outboard landing lights in the outboard flap fairings.

=== Runway Turn-off lights ===
Usually located in the leading edge of the wing root or on the side of the flying deck, these bright white lamps are intended to provide side and forward lighting during taxi and when turning off the runway. These lights are most useful at poorly lit airports.

=== Wheel Well lights ===
Some planes are equipped with additional lights in the nose and main gear wheel wells. These lights are provided primarily to assist ground personnel in making pre-flight inspections and other operations of the plane.

=== Safety Rules ===
Lights are not only intended to help to see but also to help to be seen!

Use on ground is ruled by the "do not dazzle other ground users/workers".

Switching on White Strobe and Landing lights, at gate, before push-back is wrong and just would preclude tug operators to "see where to push back" ...

== Related content ==
* [[Howto: Add aircraft lights]]

[[Category:Aviation]]
{{Understanding}}
[[de:Flugzeugbeleuchtung]]
[[es:Iluminación_del_avión]]

Talk:Transponder

2024-04-24T07:40:08Z

LoCall: Created page with "to Mariusz thank you for the topic and your rework of the xpondr do you think anything else is to add/enlighten/clarify/... ? to scttgs just wondering, which motivation/rationale to remove the info about the 7500 ? --~~~~"

to Mariusz
thank you for the topic and your rework of the xpondr
do you think anything else is to add/enlighten/clarify/... ?

to scttgs
just wondering, which motivation/rationale to remove the info about the 7500 ?

--[[User:LoCall|LoCall]] ([[User talk:LoCall|talk]]) 07:39, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

User talk:MariuszXC

2024-04-22T21:43:51Z

LoCall: /* Transponder */ new section

{{Template:Welcome to the wiki|realName=Mariusz Matuszek|name=MariuszXC}}

-- [[User:New user message|New user message]] ([[User talk:New user message|talk]]) 09:08, 30 October 2021 (UTC)

== Transponder ==

Hi Mariusz,

thank you for your work on the transponders.

I have added/completed your explanations and added references to the official sources, Skybrary, and more.

In the hope other developers less skilled than you may find of help.

Would you have a minutes to share with me if/what you think about the added.

Kind Regards
LoCall
--[[User:LoCall|LoCall]] ([[User talk:LoCall|talk]]) 21:43, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

User talk:Scttgs

2024-04-22T07:04:22Z

LoCall: /* help me to understand your motivation in censuring the 7500 line 42 ? */ new section

== World Scenery 3.0 roadmap ==
Great work on the [[World Scenery 3.0 roadmap]] article! --[[User:Chillz|Chillz]] ([[User talk:Chillz|talk]]) 06:12, 14 June 2020 (EDT)

== Please sign comments on discussion pages ==
Please sign your comments on discussion pages by adding four tilde characters (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>). See [[Help:Discussion pages]]. It is much easier to follow the discussion if you do not have to look at the page history to see who said what.

—[[User:Johan G|Johan G]] ([[User_talk:Johan_G|Talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Johan_G|contribs]]) 12:04, 25 July 2020 (EDT)

== help me to understand your motivation in censuring the 7500 line 42 ? ==

Hello Scttgs,

I have seen you have censured the line 42
"* 7500 - Hi-Jack - Unlawful interference in the control of the aircraft"

I am trying to understand your motivation, benefits to it like that, and struggling a bit.
Care to enlighten me ?
Thank you.
--[[User:LoCall|LoCall]] ([[User talk:LoCall|talk]]) 07:04, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

Transponder

2024-04-21T08:12:40Z

LoCall: /* Modes */ explained the missing modes, shaded a light of the mode S elementary and enhanced, explained the Traffic Alert for Ground and the Resolution Advisory and the correct use of IDENT

'''Transponders''' are radio beacons which make [[aircraft]] more identifiable on [[ATC]] displays and systems and by other aircrafts. Modern transponders support transmitting additional data such as an identification ('squawk') code and aircraft altitude. See more at {{wikipedia|Transponder (aeronautics)}}.

== Id Codes ==
e.g.

* 'squawk code' 7000 is set and used VFR flight in Europe, and while in the US 1200 in used fir the same VFR.
* IFR aircraft's will have an 'attributed code' by the ATC services at Delivery Clearance time, typically at startup time. The code is ATC selected in a range of "yet not used code", range attributed regionally.

* NATO and other Military aircraft's 'sharing' the civil airspace use several code from a conventional table, like ''0300, or 0400 - NATO - CAOC 9 Exercises (activated by NOTAM)'' and ''3500 - NATO - Aircraft receiving a service from AEW aircraft''
* An aircraft becoming unable to use the voice Radio, will select the special code 7600.
* An aircraft experiencing an emergency (technical, medical) will select the special code 7700.

While some code are use the same worldwide, like the emergency code, some other codes have a different regional meaning, like the special code '0000'

* in UK, by convention, the code '0000' will be autoselected by some transponder to auto report a transponder malfunction; it is not allowed the pilots to select it by themselves.
* n Europe, in is not used any more and the use have become forbidden. It was used at the start age of transponding (in mode A) to say 'no ORCAM code inserted yet'). The use is today severely forbidden.
* In US, it is a bit more confusing:
* - it is used for some Military interception;
* - it is used by the "En route Control ARTCC" for aircraft's in cruise in their controlled airspace when ... their are no more non attributed / in current use ORCAM codes.
* - The Dep. of Transportation and the FAA have started to advocate, from 1918, the abandon of it's use going toward to prohibition of its use.

See the Wikipedia page for many more examples.

ref. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_transponder_codes

Codes are composes by a sequence of 4 digits of 8 possible values [ 0 ][ 0 ][ 0 ][ 0 ] to [ 7 ][ 7 ][ 7 ][ 7 ]

Codes defines 7 specifically or :

* 1 aircraft and 1 aircraft only ;
* 1 situation.

== Conspicuous and Not-Conspicuous codes - also called discrete and non-discrete ==
Codes ending by ..00 defines "situations".

e.g.

* 7600 - unable to use the Radio Voice Comms - "Communications failure"
* 7700 - Emergency (technical / Medical)
* 7500 - Hi-Jack - Unlawful interference in the control of the aircraft

Theses codes do not define 1 aircraft only.

Codes ending by numbers (0 to 7) identifies 1 and only 1 aircraft.

* they are attributed by the ATC, usually via radio at the clearance departure
* they can be changed along the flight to accommodate management needs.

The codes identifying 1 and only 1 aircraft are called discrete or conspicuous.

The codes defining situations are called non-discrete or not-conspicuous.

This also why Transponder Codes are called Conspicuity Codes.

ref https://skybrary.aero/articles/discrete-and-non-discrete-ssr-codes

== ORCAM method (for attribution of squawk codes) ==
Their are way more aircraft's to manage than available squawk codes.

To solve the problem the ORCAM method is used.

ORCAM stands for Originating Regional Code Attribution Method.

Every region, airspace, airport, service like Militaries, etc. will see attributed a range of codes.

When the aircraft leave the controlled zone and enter the next one, if, emphasising "if", the used code collide with another currently in use in the vicinity, the ATC will ask to recycle the code to a new (not used) one.

ORCAM is a method and not a "table",

although the method keep out of its management a subset of fix codes which one are ... a table.

e.g.

Note that the following table is valid for UK only and US or Europe will present some variations

https://www.flightradars.eu/squawkcodes.html#top

== Modes A, B, C, S ==
detailed illustrated explanation ref. https://skybrary.aero/articles/transponder

or also

https://pilotinstitute.com/transponder-modes-explained/<nowiki/>{{hatnote|For a thorough description, see {{wikipedia|Aviation transponder interrogation modes}}.}}

Needs always evolves and technology merely adapt to the change. The Transponder Modes are the reflex of the evolution of theses needs.

=== Mode A ===
from 2nd WW era, when aircraft was flying back and closing to the base, it was hard to say if they was Friends Or Enemy (FOE). To avoid unwanted activation from the DCA's, pilots was activating a convention code switching ON/OFF a set of buttons to define an identity code.

After the WW, this has come back to civil aviation, but the mode was really basic and more identification features was wanted.

=== Mode B ===
have been an evolution of the mode A, but due some quirks it has been quick abandoned for mode C

=== Mode C ===
added report of the aircraft altitude.

These report altitude was read after calibration, which has led to problems and have been update to non calibrated altitude in mode S.

Why ?

Imagine an Aircraft in final approach, the definition of an incorrect altimetric pressure may lead to "hit" the ground before the RWY or hot the RWY to late and trigger a RWY excursion.

Other situation of bust of altitude (lost of vertical separation) also have happened (although more rarely).

Mode C altitude report is by 100 ft

=== Mode S. ===
Why not MODE D, E, F ... ?

Mode S have been a game changer.

In Mode C their was too many aircraft sending information at the same time. The Radio Frequency was congested, many time, life and death information become missing as the result of the chaos of all the transponder "speaking at the same time".

In Mode S, transponder are quite and shushing unless "interrogated" by the surveillance system.

Well, almost shush. The surveillance system need to know to whom direct the interrogation. For this all transponder still continue to emit repeatedly a very very short ID called the squitter.

The surveillance system keep a table of all the squitters for management.

The frequency being not any more congested, interrogated transponders have the possibility to send more extensive informations.

The mode S have itself 2 ways, ELS and EHS as ELementary Surveillance and EnHanced Surveillance

The former send altitude (before calibration) speed, direction, ... and few more Aircraft and Flight parameters.

The later one send also the "selected" altitude in the Autopilot, which allow the ATC to detect early misunderstandings and prevent possible level bust before they happen.

ref.: https://skybrary.aero/articles/mode-s

Mode S altitude report is by 10 ft, again, read before calibration !

To do this the transponder needs an altitude source. In real-life this can be a separate box called an encoder, or may be derived for FMC / ADIRU sources. It's important to note this altitude is referenced to standard pressure (29.92 inHg / 1013 Hpa), and not corrected for actual barometric pressure in the local environment.

Additional support for military modes is possible if anyone wishes to add it.

== Transponder "in the flying deck / cockpit" ==
Bare in mind that 1 transponder is always different from another transponder.

* Older aircraft may still have old transponder not Mode S capable;
* Several manufacturers
* Boeing ≠ Airbus
* ...

Some Transponder have a knob with position labelled "ALTITUDE" which does not mean the transponder is activating the mode S. The mode C also have a report of altitude. (see above).

The usual modes encountered in RL for the transponder are :

* Off - ( switched off / no power)
* Test - (maintenance)
* Stand-by - (powered on but not sending out informations except the squitter - see above)
* Ground - (send out SQUAWK CODE only - some airport, by rule - expect code 2000 for ground taxiing aircraft's)
* Altitude - (in mode C, sending out altitude information - in mode S, sending out more information)

== TA and TA/RA - Traffic Alert / Resolution Advisory ==
On some transponder, TA/RA functions might be switched on separately.

They <big>need</big> the '''mode S''' in order to work !

A frequent myth is the mode S and the TA/RA must only be activated on air.

Nothing is more wrong.

Airport where the visibility is traditionally not good and foggy, like Paris Orly LFPO, Milano Linate LIML, Bimingham EGBB, among others, other require the departing aircraft to activate the mode S and the TA from the gate/stand, before push !

TA on ground have a special mode with a different sensitivity adapted to detect closing taxiing aircraft's. It has many time be a matter of sever accidents with fatalities.

e.g.

Flight SCANDINAVIA 686 (Scandinanvian Airlines McDonnel Douglas MD-87) and a private Cessna Citation, making 118 victims. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linate_Airport_disaster

Paris Orly is "that much so foggy" that it is where have been invented to first "Turbo Clear" the first and fog systems for airports, 1963. The whole world have bought them and used them before the first ATT (Atterrissages Tout Temps) , "Landing With Any Weather", the precursor of the Instrument Landing Systems. https://www.aeroport-paris-orly.com/systemes-anti-brouillard

The myth roots itself in the fact that the rules changes by airports and situations. One discovering the rule enforced in one airport might tend to believe the whole world do the same...

Usually, the airport administration information pages in the airport charts brief clearly about the rules enforced in "that" very airport.

On ground

Mode S + Traffic Alert might be required to be used

Airborn

Mode S + Traffic Alert + Resolution Advisory is as much as possible expected

"Old" aircraft using frequently the controlled airspace are demanded to upgrade their transponder.

== Mode IDENT ==
Transponder have a separate function called IDENT and callable by the press on a button.

This actually is not a "mode" like Mode A, C or S.

It should never be pressed unless required by the ATC providing service.

It "must" not be activated by Squawk code changing ! (Frequent error)

IDENT allow to the ATC to spot in a flash an aircraft amongst many and its purpose it solely to help in case of loss of conspicuity.

Squawk codes changes at quite a good rate. If at every time the squawk code is recycled, the IDENT is activated and the BLIP (aircraft on the ATC screen) start to blink, then when the ATC demand to someone to press IDENT, the help will be void because drawn in many other IDENT...

QED.

== Configuration in FlightGear ==
Transponder support was overhauled in May 2013; earlier versions (2.10 and prior) have different support and are not documented here. Updating an aircraft to use the new config is straightforward. Key transponder properties (altitude, ident and transmitted-id) are now sent via the MP protocols for use in ATC clients.

The default altimeter can act as an altitude encoder; in its configuration, set either or both of the following boolean flags:

* encode-mode-c
* encode-mode-s

The transponder has various config properties:

* '''minimum-supply-volts''': required DV volts for operations, defaults to 8.0 ''(old '''bus-volts''' is now deprecated)''
* '''encoder-path''': defaults to '/instruments/altimeter', but can be changed to any other location. The transponder looks for child properties 'mode-c-alt-ft' and 'mode-s-alt-ft' at this path for altitude data.
* '''kt70-compatibility''': boolean, default to false. Set this to enable legacy compatibility with the old KT-70 C++ instrument. Do not use in new/updated aircraft!
* '''mode''': this is 0 for Mode-A, 1 for Mode-C and 2 for Mode-S. Other modes can be added, ask on the [[Mailing list|devel list]]!

=== Run-time properties ===
* '''altitude''': gives the transmitted altitude in feet (or -9999 for invalid)
* '''altitude-valid''': indicates if altitude value is valid data or not
* '''id-code''': allows the id-code to be read and set
* '''serviceable''': can be set to control the instrument serviceability
* '''transmitted-id''': gives the value being transmitted, including over the network via MP

==== Input properties ====
These live under <tt>/inputs</tt>.
* '''knob-mode''': sets the transponder operating mode. This corresponds to the KT-70 knob positions for convenience, but the actual modes should work for any transponder instrument. Knob modes are documented below
* '''ident-btn''': can be set to place the transponder in ident mode for 18 seconds. Note this property is not spring-loaded, i.e you must manually reset it to false
* '''digit[0]-[4]''': properties allow the id code individual digits to be read and set

In KT-70 compatibility mode, additional properties are read and set, to preserve legacy aircraft. Do not use these properties in new aircraft.

==== Knob/Functional Modes ====
* 0 - off
* 1 - standby, basically the same as off for the C++ code (3D instrument would power up the display, presumably)
* 2 - test, again the C++ largely ignores this since the test configuration of real-world instruments varies. In particular the unit does *not* set altitude or transmitted-id to any test values, you should do that in your own logic. (Maybe we should allow the test values to be defined int he config section?)
* 3 - Ground mode, responds to altitude interrogation but does not broadcast an ID. This would typically be used while taxiing prior to takeoff.
* 4 - On, normal operation but altitude transmission is inhibited
* 5 - Alt, same as on but altitude is broadcast if transponder was configured in Mode-S or Mode-C

=== Generic transponder ===
Below are all available property that you can set for your instrumentation.xml file :

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<transponder>
<name type="string">transponder</name>
<number type="int">0</number>
<mode type="int">1</mode> 
<minimum-supply-volts type="double">8.0</minimum-supply-volts>
<encoder-path type="string">/instrumentation/altimeter</encoder-path>
<kt70-compatibility type="bool">0</kt70-compatibility>
<auto-ground>...</auto-ground> 
<airspeed-path>...</airspeed-path>
<mach-path>...</mach-path>
</transponder>
</syntaxhighlight>Please note that ''<bus-volts>'' is now '''deprecated'''. Use ''<minimum-supply-volts>'' instead.
The following is a copy of a comment in instrument source, explaining the use of Mode-S related properties
<
// Mode-S transponders (configured with mode = 2) can transmit a ground bit to
// indicate ground operation. If auto-ground is not defined, the ground bit is
// switched manually by setting the transponder knob to GND. If auto-ground is
// defined, the transponder simulates automatic switching of the ground bit
// using the value of the property defined in auto-ground.
//
// For a squat switch, use "/gear/gear/wow". For automatic switching based on
// airspeed, use a property rule to make a new boolean property that indicates,
// for example, airspeed < 80, and reference your new property in auto-ground.
//
// Note that Mode-A and Mode-C transponders do not transmit a ground bit, even
// if the transponder knob is set to the GND position.
//
// Mode-S transponders also transmit indicated airspeed and Mach number. The
// default sources are "/instrumentation/airspeed-indicator/indicated-speed-kt"
// and ".../indicated-mach", but this can be changed by setting "airspeed-path"
// and "mach-path" properties respectively as shown above.

==Related content==
===Wiki articles===
*[[Howto:Develop an aircraft transponder in Nasal]] – Most probably obsolete
*[[FLARM]]
*[[Multiplayer protocol]] – The IDs 1501-1503 are earmarked for transmitting transponder properties
*[[OpenRadar: Transponder]]
*[[Traffic alert and collision avoidance system]]

===Forum topics===
*[https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=31492 Transponder properties over MP] (January-June 2017)
*[https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=75&t=19826 Transponder over network] (April-December 2018)
*[https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=6395 Transponder] (November 2009-December 2010)

===Developer mailing list===
*[https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/mailman/message/30785263/ <nowiki>[</nowiki>Flightgear-devel<nowiki>]</nowiki> Improve tranponder instrument] (Apr 2009)
*[https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/mailman/flightgear-devel/thread/1388915221.2195.15.camel%40duter.localdomain/#msg31810053 <nowiki>[</nowiki>Flightgear-devel<nowiki>]</nowiki> Transponder Ident not transmitted via MP Protocol?] (Jan-Feb 2014)

===Source code===
*{{flightgear source|src/Instrumentation/transponder.hxx}}
*{{flightgear source|src/Instrumentation/transponder.cxx}}

[[Category:Aircraft enhancement]]
[[Category:Aircraft instruments]]

Transponder

2024-04-21T06:37:47Z

LoCall: introduced the notions of situation code vs aircraft code, discrete non discrete and new reference with source documentation / explained the method of code attribution

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download

2022-10-19T15:20:04Z

LoCall: Blanked the page

User:Woosh/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download

2022-10-19T15:18:53Z

LoCall: Blanked the page

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2022-10-19T15:18:20Z

LoCall: Blanked the page

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline-Long-1

2022-10-19T15:17:57Z

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User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-AdrenalineShorterTry

2022-10-19T15:17:01Z

LoCall: Blanked the page

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download

2022-10-19T15:14:31Z

LoCall: LoCall moved page User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download to User:Woosh/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download: project dropped and ceased to Woosh

#REDIRECT [[User:Woosh/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download]]

User:Woosh/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download

2022-10-19T15:14:31Z

LoCall: LoCall moved page User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download to User:Woosh/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download: project dropped and ceased to Woosh

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
''<big><big><big><big>Download</big></big></big></big>''

from .............. : new address server soon

localization .......: Uk

server politic .....: private

Scenario type .....y: self contained

{| class="wikitable"

|-
! ''Questions'' !! Answer // Remark

|-
|.......... ''so why not Terrasync ?'' || Terrasync do still not offer a way to choose in between one and an alternative scenario.
 

|-
|.......... ''Terrasync may be in the future ?'' || Of course, bringing everything in one same central structure is a conversation that, of course, will happen. 
But the concern now is too see how much the FG community does plebiscite LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline facility.
 

|-
|.......... ''so, is this a new repository ?'' || Really Not ! '''Flightgear do need convergence.'''
What you will find here are '''links to''' the already '''existing''' hangar and '''models''', only ! It is matter of '''keeping it simple''' for all of us. 

Did you already had this :
''"where did you found your model ?" "in FG" "no! ...there..." "I have the model but it is not the same... is it the last one?" "I do not know, it is from another hangar..."'' 

Well, after a few years of this way to go, your hard disk is like a souk ! 
I do not want this for me ! Do you want it for you ? 

Of course, developing your own models, hosting then in your own hangar, and turning accessible or not to FG, is a matter of freedom of choice, You can not touch this ! 

And actually, Flightgear have a (re?)current need of new airplane developers, to '''complete and achieve in quality''' existing planes, instead to develop a new hundred of new ersatz. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ersatz_good] 
And then, why not, of course develop amazing new models! 

So, having a mechanism in one place to trace a find the models and hangars is crucial. It is actually a project I am working on and i feel a bit sorry because it already could have helped here. 
But, yes, here, only links to existing FG planes. 
<big><big>see ''' [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-ADRENALINE PLANES]]'''</big></big>
 

|-
| ''The server is http instead of http'''s'''.'' ''Is it safe to go there with my internet Browser ?'' || <big>'''Yes'''</big>. 
*This server is very trusty and under permanent monitoring ; 
*SSL/TLS certificates are in preparation in order to offer to everyone usual connection security standards; 
*The contents in the server are inspected 1x per hours ; 
*Your privacy is taken very, i do mean, very seriously. The pages use no script and '''Zero''' personal data is kept.
(but of course, please report any, any suspicious "thing" here in PM to LoCall, thank you).
 

|-
| ''There are several files.'' ''Which file do I have to download ?'' ||if '''slow''' your internet connection is : use -> [http://www.moohw.com/d1234567-cafe-fafa-2000-publicshares/Scenarios/LILO%20LOWI%20ADRENALINE/LILO-LOWI-ADRENALINE-release-1-2020-05-24_MaximumZip.7z LILO-LOWI-ADRENALINE-release-1-2020-05-24_MaximumZip.7z] The '''"same"''' this file contain, but smaller (190 MB) the file is.

if '''good''' your internet connection is : use -> [http://www.moohw.com/d1234567-cafe-fafa-2000-publicshares/Scenarios/LILO%20LOWI%20ADRENALINE/LILO-LOWI-ADRENALINE-release-1-2020-05-24_MinimumZip.7z LILO-LOWI-ADRENALINE-release-1-2020-05-24_MinimumZip.7z] The '''"same"''' this file contain, but not compressed the content is, and thus, install quicker then your mind, it is. 

''The scenario is self contained and could be used, if needed, in stand alone. (See '''notes''' about priority, in next page '''INSTALL''')
 

|-
| ''What are the other files for ?'' ||Information. 
# '''[http://www.moohw.com/d1234567-cafe-fafa-2000-publicshares/Scenarios/LILO%20LOWI%20ADRENALINE/Suggested_Launch_Parameters.txt "Suggested_Launch_Parameters.txt"]''' is a text file with some suggested Flightgear parameters for an average good computer. It is a suggestion, It is not mandatory. 
# '''"release done Sunday May 24. 1500z"''' is an empty file. The '''filename''' is there to provide you with a directly visible information.
 

|-
| ''Do I need other files ?'' || Yes, 
# the plane you want to fly with. see '''[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-ADRENALINE PLANES]] ''' 
# the planes you want to see. (other users). see [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/ http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/ Flightgear Planes Repository]
 

|-
| ''Which Plane to use ?''|| Well, Sondrio Caloio is an Airdrome... I am afraid the allowed space will forbid "big planes". 
Small Props and Piston are more suited.
 

|-
| ''Are some planes better then others ?'' ||Yes, I think so. 
LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline is a challenge but not really about speed. I do mean : 
it is '''not''' like a group race where you want to arrive first at the Finish Line... 

...For a start the Finnish Line is 1000 nautical miles away... 
then... we do not go to Finland but to Insbrueck. It is way closer. 

Sorry for the joke, I could not resist a dad joke... 

Serious, '''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline''' is about control and improving pilot skills. 

If you fly about 25 feet above ground and you have :
* the red bull Cones to cross
* the obstacles to avoid
* to "search and find" for the next red bull cones
* and avoid to collide with your flying companions 
... You do not want 300 Kts !!! 

130 KTS seemed to me a very reasonable speed, especially for parts like the Giant Slalom in Griess am Brenner. 

For the sake of the fun and the curiosity, i have tried several planes beyond my favorites turbo/prop and pistons. 
I list here a few one just and only because I verified that I was able to fly with and have some fun. 
But of course you are free to chose any plane you want, as long as you respect other users. 

see '''[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-ADRENALINE PLANES]] ''' 

|}

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Install > ]]

User:LoCall

2022-10-19T14:59:23Z

LoCall:

If you are looking for the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline Challenge pages, please look for user Woosh.
Thank you

User:LoCall

2022-10-19T14:59:02Z

LoCall:

If you are looking for the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline Challenge, please look for user Woosh.
Thank you

User:LoCall

2022-10-19T14:55:40Z

LoCall:

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Welcome and Intro > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2022-10-19T14:55:09Z

LoCall: Blanked the page

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2022-10-19T14:46:02Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
[[File:LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Global Map-2-scaled.png|none|thumb|1105x1105px]]

Menu ...

What

Why

How

Where and When

'''<big><big><big>What</big></big></big>''' Why How Where and When...

''''<big>''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big> is a “discovery-training” challenge aimed to all Sim.pilots.''''

''Its goal is to provide a fun playground where to test your favourite plane behaviour at the limit of flight performance and, which is more, train you, the pilots, to bring your plane back in safe performance limits.''

''I will definitely leave out the questions relative to “contests with other flight Simulators”, and also all those about “realism”.''

''Answering theses is way out of scope.''

''However, there is an often neglected but essential one that deserve some light shade.''

''Probably the larger and more important processing part happen outside the computer, in the mind of the user pilot.''

''As long the pilot is “in charge”, his mind certainly will benefit from training.''''

''What '<big><big><big>Why</big></big></big>''' How Where and When...

''Since my teens, I have been amazed by pilots’ brags about some exclusive ability to fly along an “invisible optimum path”.''

''I am aware and I understand the role of the instruments. Yet, I also understand the human supervision continue to be needed. Withal it is expected from pilots to have the competence to keep the plane flying inside safe limits, regardless flight safety being ruled by instrumental or by visual procedures. Instruments helps to build safety awareness, but if safety conditions are exceeded, bringing the “machine” back inside the safe limits is up to the pilot and demand an educated perception and a trained practice.''

''In “Real Life” this learning and training is life threatening and this logically explain its limitations. Your CFI will include a few lessons about “how to recover from a slow stall speed” and will set up some practice, let us say, from a safe altitude.''

''Other more hazardous situations might arose and also demand training for proper addressing. This where simulators come very in hand.''

''The <Why> of LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline in FG stands with the need, and the fun, to test and train, extreme situations and recover from them.''

''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline is not a race against “other pilots” nor against time. It is a race against yourself!''
''Debutant and advanced vpilots will find in it a possibility to improve their flying practice, and certainly correct some errors.''

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2022-10-19T14:37:12Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
[[File:LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Global Map-2-scaled.png|none|thumb|1105x1105px]]

Menu ...

What

Why

How

Where and When

'''<big><big><big>What</big></big></big>''' Why How Where and When...

''''<big>''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big> is a “discovery-training” challenge aimed to all Sim.pilots.''''

''Its goal is to provide a fun playground where to test your favourite plane behaviour at the limit of flight performance and, which is more, train you, the pilots, to bring your plane back in safe performance limits.''

''I will definitely leave out the questions relative to “contests with other flight Simulators”, and also all those about “realism”.''

''Answering theses is way out of scope.''

''However, there is an often neglected but essential one that deserve some light shade.''

''Probably the larger and more important processing part happen outside the computer, in the mind of the user pilot.''

''As long the pilot is “in charge”, his mind certainly will benefit from training.''''

''What '<big><big><big>Why</big></big></big>''' How Where and When...

''Since my teens, I have been amazed by pilots’ brags about some exclusive ability to fly along an “invisible optimum path”.
I am aware and I understand the role of the instruments. Yet, I also understand the human supervision continue to be needed. Withal it is expected from pilots to have the competence to keep the plane flying inside safe limits, regardless flight safety being ruled by instrumental or by visual procedures.
Instruments helps to build safety awareness, but if safety conditions are exceeded, bringing the “machine” back inside the safe limits is up to the pilot and demand an educated perception and a trained practice.
In “Real Life” this learning and training is life threatening and this logically explain its limitations. Your CFI will include a few lessons about “how to recover from a slow stall speed” and will set up some practice from, let us say, a safe altitude.
Other more hazardous situations might arose and also demand training for proper addressing. This where simulators come very in hand.
The Why of LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline in FG stands with the need, and the fun, to test and train, extreme situations and recover from them.
LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline is not a race against “other pilots” nor against time. It is a race against yourself!
Debutant and advanced vpilots will find in it a possibility to improve their flying practice, and certainly correct some errors.''

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2022-10-19T14:21:05Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
[[File:LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Global Map-2-scaled.png|none|thumb|1105x1105px]]

Menu ...

What

Why

How

Where and When 

'''''What''' Why How Where When...''

''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline is a “discovery-training” challenge aimed to all Sim.pilots.''

''Its goal is to provide a fun playground where to test your favourite plane behaviour at the limit of flight performance and, which is more, train you, the pilots, to bring your plane back in safe performance limits.''

''I will definitely leave out the questions relative to “contests with other flight Simulators”, and also all those about “realism”, answering theses is way out of scope. However, there is an often neglected but essential one that deserve some light shade. Probably the larger and more important part processing part happen outside the computer, in the mind of the user pilot. As long the pilot is “in charge”, his mind certainly will benefit from training.''

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2022-10-19T14:19:31Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
[[File:LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Global Map-2-scaled.png|none|thumb|1105x1105px]]

Menu ...

What

Why

How

Where and When 

'''''What''' Why How Where When...''

''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline is a “discovery-training” challenge aimed to all Sim.pilots.''

''Its goal is to provide a fun playground where to test your favourite plane behaviour at the limit of flight performance and, which is more, train you, the pilots, to bring your plane back in safe performance limits.''

''I will definitely leave out the questions relative to “contests with other flight Simulators”, and also all those about “realism”, answering theses is way out of scope. However, there is an often neglected but essential one that deserve some light shade. Probably the larger and more important part processing part happen outside the computer, in the mind of the user pilot. As long the pilot is “in charge”, his mind certainly will benefit from training.''

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2022-10-19T14:17:23Z

LoCall: Replaced content with "''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>'' 1105x1105px <..."

File:LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Global Map-2-scaled.png

2022-10-19T14:13:56Z

LoCall:

Front Image for LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline Challenge

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes

2022-10-19T13:51:00Z

LoCall:

<big><big><big><big>'''''Planes Planes Planes...'''''</big></big></big></big>

'''''JSBSIM''''' or '''''YASIM''''' ? 
I will not here open the debate. 

My '''personal''' preference is the use planes build around the '''''JSBSIM''''' simulator engine just because the planes '''"moves"''' at my eyes in a more realistic way. 
And this why, in the following list '''almost''' or all the planes are jsbims "powered". 

Now, if you prefer a planes built around "Yasim", you are fully welcome to use them and, please, do! 

The values in the table hereafter could differ from the one "in the book". 
The values bellow are the result of a test ran on the 1st step of the "Parcours", from : LILO take off - to - Climb "Corna" - "Liscidini". 

All the planes have been setup the same way : 1 pilot max 180 lbs - no pax - no luggage - fuel the strictly needed to reach the next "pit/fuel stop". Weather : "fair weather". 

For the JSBSim models, different result from one test to another are to be expected, since the way the plane is flown is going to have some impact. 

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! picture !! my rank' !! ACFT Type !! Name !! Creator !! Nom Speed !! Max Speed !! Stall Speed !! Spd at top 1st climb <ref name="1C.">[1st Climb is from 1200 ft to 3400 @ 15 to 20 degrees:]</ref> (ft left agl) !! bank speed 1 ... 5 !! Status !! Link !! Notes
|-
|| [[File:DHC2-Beaver-Screenshot 2020-05-28 07-06-09.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models DHC2]] || 2 || DHC2 || De Havilland Beaver || Sid Adams and more... || 189 kts || 160 kts || 67 kts || 75 kts (030 ft) || 3 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/dhc2.zip dhc2 Beaver ] || Some versions have an issue with the Rudder Steering Solution 1. Use differential brakes [,][.] Solution 2. load this model : [http://www.moohw.com/d1234567-cafe-fafa-2000-publicshares/Scenarios/LILO%20LOWI%20ADRENALINE/BackupPlanes/dhc2-2018-Oct-22-with-working-rudderWheels.zip dhc2]<ref name="unknown author">[the author iof thos modification. Please make sure to have a read of the inner readme-first.txt, thank you.]</ref>
|-
|| [[File:DR40-PAF-thumbnail.jpg|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models DR40 PF]] || 3 || DR40 || Robin 400 180 || PAF Version || 140 kts || 151 kts || 48 kts || 59 kts (005 ft) || 4 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/DR400.zip DR 400-180 PAF ] || low power! start climb sooner.<ref name="Climb Sooner">[This plane need a gentle climb at less then 7 degrees - start you climb sooner.]</ref>
|-
|| [[File:C182-36-PT-IAO-Screenshot 2020-05-28 06-59-17.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models C182]] || 4 || C182 || Cessna 182 180 HP 36" wheels || see README or xml || 150 kts || 170 kts || 50 kts || 70 kts (060 ft) || 3 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/c172r.zip c172r SkyHawk ] || low power! start climb sooner.<ref name="Climb Sooner">[This plane need a gentle climb at less then 7 degrees - start you climb sooner.]</ref>
|-
|| [[File:C337-thumbnail.jpg|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models C337]] || 5 || C337 || Cessna 337 Skymaster || see README or xml || 150 kts || 184 kts || 63 kts || 115 kts (150 ft) || 4 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/Cessna337.zip C337 ] || .
|-
|| [[File:PA38-28-Screenshot 2020-05-28 07-24-20.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models PA34]] || 6 || PA34 || Piper PA-34 SENECA II || see README or xml || 159 kts || 175 kts || 60 kts || 85 kts (085 ft) || 3 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/SenecaII.zip PA-34 SENECAII] || .
|-
|| [[File:ZIVKO-EDGE-Screenshot 2020-05-28 07-28-27.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models ZVED]] || 7 || ZVED || Zivko Edge 540 || see README or xml || 155 kts || 200 kts || 56 kts || 140 kts (150 ft) || 4 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/ZivkoEdge.zip ZivkoEdge] || banking high response!<ref name="Quick Banking">[This plane execute very quick turns. So quick that some time it does become hard to control.]</ref>
|-
|| [[File:STAMPE-1-Screenshot 2020-05-28 07-32-51.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models STAM]] || 8 || STAM || Stampe SV 4 Br || see README or xml || 100 kts || 135 kts || 35 kts || 70 kts (250 ft) || 4 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/Stampe-SV4.zip STAMPE SV 4 ] || low power! start climb sooner.<ref name="Climb Sooner">[This plane need a gentle climb at less then 7 degrees - start you climb sooner.]</ref> (Yasim)
|-
|| [[File:B1900dsplash.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane ModelsB190]] || 9 || B190 || Beechcraft 1900 D || see README or xml || 245 kts || 250 kts || 80 kts || 150 kts (150 ft) || 3 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/b1900d.zip B1900 D ] || .
|-
|| [[File:CAP-10C-1-Screenshot 2020-05-28 07-49-45.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models CAP2 C]] || 10 || CP10 || Cap 10 C || see README or xml || 145 kts || 160 kts || 48 kts || 60 kts (050 ft) || 5 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/Cap10C.zip CAP 10 C ] || low power! start climb sooner.<ref name="Climb Sooner">[This plane node to climb at less then 7 degrees - start you climb sooner.]</ref>
|-
|| [[File:CAP-10B-Screenshot 2020-05-28 07-49-45.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models CAP2 B]] || 11 || CP10 || Cap 10 B || see README or xml || 100 kts || 165 kts || 48 kts || 60 kts (050 ft) || 5 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/Cap10B.zip CAP 10 B ] || low power! start climb sooner.<ref name="Climb Sooner">[This plane need a gentle climb at less then 7 degrees - start you climb sooner.]</ref>
|-
|| [[File:AN2-Screenshot 2020-05-28 08-47-30.png|thumb|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline suggested Plane Models AN2]] || 12 || AN2 || Antonov 2 || see README or xml || 140 kts || 160 kts || 60 kts || 65 kts (055 ft) || 2 || Ready || [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/flightgear/ftp/Aircraft/an2.zip Antonov AN2 ] || Detailed Cockpit ... in Russian but .... press S to start limited stall.<ref name="limited Stall">[Limited stall. The plane was coming down like in parachute fall. Waited a bit, re applied thrust and the plane resumed nicely.]</ref>
|}

File:LILO Flag Pole.png

2022-09-23T16:58:12Z

LoCall:

LILO Flag Pole
used in the LILO-LOWI-ADRENALINE Challenge

User:Woosh/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download

2022-09-22T19:22:25Z

LoCall:

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2021-06-09T16:54:01Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Where all this have started ??? Well ... '''

''<big><big><big><big>...The beginning is always a delicate matter...</big></big></big></big>''

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

At the beginning, each one of us have struggled with our plane.

The same has been true to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline track and the challenges.
The writing of this article just had his own missed approaches.

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is like a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[ This is not an advice to seek real stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic and complex situation, with pre-stall, deep-stall, several stall types (mainly 3), accelerated non-accelerated, and way more... In RL, the reference you should follow, is your instructor. Here the invitation is : in this simulator - training opportunity, let's go gaining experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives. A friend of mine after reading this got very sick, with red and black dots in the face and went sleepless... (kidding) Please just do not drag me in pointless fights about "the right words" on this matter ! Thank you. If you are feel yourself so interested by aerodynamic, please, go, study some and why not come back here down to share with us. </ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[ Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash. ]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[ "Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages. ]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2021-06-09T16:49:07Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

''<big><big><big><big>...The beginning is always a delicate matter...</big></big></big></big>''

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

At the beginning, each one of us have struggled with our plane.

The same has been true to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline track and the challenges.
The writing of this article just had his own missed approaches.

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is like a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[ This is not an advice to seek real stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic and complex situation, with pre-stall, deep-stall, several stall types (mainly 3), accelerated non-accelerated, and way more... In RL, the reference you should follow, is your instructor. Here the invitation is : in this simulator - training opportunity, let's go gaining experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives. A friend of mine after reading this got very sick, with red and black dots in the face and went sleepless... (kidding) Please just do not drag me in pointless fights about "the right words" on this matter ! Thank you. If you are feel yourself so interested by aerodynamic, please, go, study some and why not come back here down to share with us. </ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[ Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash. ]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[ "Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages. ]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2021-06-09T16:41:42Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

''<big><big><big><big>...The beginning is always a delicate matter...</big></big></big></big>''

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[ parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.]</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is like a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[ This is not an advice to seek real stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic and complex situation, with pre-stall, deep-stall, several stall types (mainly 3), accelerated non-accelerated, and way more... In RL, the reference you should follow, is your instructor. Here the invitation is : in this simulator - training opportunity, let's go gaining experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives. A friend of mine after reading this got very sick, with red and black dots in the face and went sleepless... (kidding) Please just do not drag me in pointless fights about "the right words" on this matter ! Thank you. If you are feel yourself so interested by aerodynamic, please, go, study some and why not come back here down to share with us. </ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[ Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash. ]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[ "Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages. ]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2021-06-09T16:41:01Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>...The beginning is always a delicate matter...</big></big></big></big></big></big>''

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[ parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.]</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is like a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[ This is not an advice to seek real stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic and complex situation, with pre-stall, deep-stall, several stall types (mainly 3), accelerated non-accelerated, and way more... In RL, the reference you should follow, is your instructor. Here the invitation is : in this simulator - training opportunity, let's go gaining experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives. A friend of mine after reading this got very sick, with red and black dots in the face and went sleepless... (kidding) Please just do not drag me in pointless fights about "the right words" on this matter ! Thank you. If you are feel yourself so interested by aerodynamic, please, go, study some and why not come back here down to share with us. </ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[ Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash. ]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[ "Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages. ]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-06-03T12:56:04Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[ parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.]</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is like a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[ This is not an advice to seek real stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic and complex situation, with pre-stall, deep-stall, several stall types (mainly 3), accelerated non-accelerated, and way more... In RL, the reference you should follow, is your instructor. Here the invitation is : in this simulator - training opportunity, let's go gaining experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives. A friend of mine after reading this got very sick, with red and black dots in the face and went sleepless... (kidding) Please just do not drag me in pointless fights about "the right words" on this matter ! Thank you. If you are feel yourself so interested by aerodynamic, please, go, study some and why not come back here down to share with us. </ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[ Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash. ]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[ "Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages. ]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-06-03T12:51:45Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[ parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.]</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is like a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[ This is not an advice to seek real stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic and complex situation, with pre-stall, deep-stall, several stall types (mainly 3), accelerated non-accelerated, and way more... In RL the reference you should follow is your instructor. Here the invitation is : in this simulator training opportunity, let's go gaining experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives. A friend of mine after reading this got very sick, with red and black dots in the face and went sleepless... Please do not start "fight" about words on this matter, and if you are so interested, go to study aerodynamics and please come to share with us. Thank you.</ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[ Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash. ]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[ "Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages. ]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-06-03T12:45:04Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[ parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.]</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[do not take this for an advice to really stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic situation, with a pre-stall, ...deep-stall, and there are several 3 stall types, accelerated stall and non-accelerated stalls. In RL the reference is your instructor. Here my invitation is only in simulator to go to gain experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives.</ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[ Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash. ]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[ "Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages. ]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-06-03T12:43:25Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[ parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.]</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[do not take this for an advice to really stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic situation, with a pre-stall, ...deep-stall, and there are several 3 stall types, accelerated stall and non-accelerated stalls. In RL the reference is your instructor. Here my invitation is only in simulator to go to gain experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives.</ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[2]Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash.</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[ "Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages. ]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-06-03T12:41:27Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[1]parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[do not take this for an advice to really stall in real life. Stall is a dynamic situation, with a pre-stall, ...deep-stall, and there are several 3 stall types, accelerated stall and non-accelerated stalls. In RL the reference is your instructor. Here my invitation is only in simulator to go to gain experience on the edge, where the stall(s) lives.</ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[2]Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash.</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[3]"Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages.</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-06-03T12:37:00Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[1]parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[2]Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash.</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[3]"Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages.</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-06-01T11:44:10Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.]</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[A friend of mine lost the sleep and got very sick with dark and red dots in the face, thinking going to stall... I suppose the most clever have already understood that we are talking about going "close" to stall point. Some even say fire-flying around the stall. Anyhow, and for sure, we are in a simulator and going to have experiments. But in the real life, your instructor will be the one to lead.]</ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash.]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>["Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages.]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-06-01T11:42:49Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.]</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''<ref>[A friend of mine lost the sleep and got very sick with dark and red dots in the face, thinking going to stall... I suppose the most lever have already understood that we are talking about going "close" to stall point. Some even say fire-flying around the stall]</ref>

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash.]</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>["Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages.]</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T13:44:49Z

LoCall:

If you already know how to install scenarios and planes you may skip this small help. 

Please just pay attention to have no "north Italian" or "Ostereich" scenario in higher priority. 

Then continue with [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]
 
 
 

''<big><big><big><big>Install the Scenario and the Planes</big></big></big></big>''

== "The Personal Scenarios Folder" ==

 
Flightgear have 3 places where to install scenarios in your computer.
 

<big>'''''Place 1.'''''</big> 
is a "basic need" for Flightgear. 
When you install Flightgear for first time, just a few minimum scenario are installed with : 
e.g. usually : 
* Windows - C:\Program Files\Flightgear\data\Scenary
* Linux - /usr/share/flightgear/Scenery
* Mac - [to complete]
 

<big>'''''Place 2.'''''</big> 
is where are downloaded and kept the scenarios from Terrasync (e.g. additional scenarios downloaded from inside a running Flightgear) 
e.g. usually : 
* Windows - C:\users\JanoLapin\Documents\Flightgear\Terrasync
* Linux - /home/janolapin/.fgfs/Terrasync
* Mac - [to complete]
 

<big>'''''Place 3.'''''</big> 
is for the user chosen scenarios 

It is here where we suggest to install your scenarios, including the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline.

=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T13:39:20Z

LoCall:

If you already know how to install scenarios and planes you may skip this small help. 

Please just pay attention to have no "north Italian" or "Ostereich" scenario in higher priority. 

Then continue with [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]
 
 
 

''<big><big><big><big>Install the Scenario and the Planes</big></big></big></big>''

== "The Personal Scenarios Folder" ==

Flightgear have 3 places where to install scenarios in your computer.

<big>'''''Place 1.'''''</big> 
is a "basic need" for Flightgear. 
When you install Flightgear for first time, just a few minimum scenario are installed with : 
e.g. usually : 
* Windows - C:\Program Files\Flightgear\data\Scenary
* Linux - /usr/share/flightgear/Scenery
* Mac - [to complete]

<big>'''''Place 2.'''''</big> 
is where are downloaded and kept the scenarios from Terrasync (e.g. additional scenarios downloaded from inside a running Flightgear) 
e.g. usually : 
* Windows - C:\users\JanoLapin\Documents\Flightgear\Terrasync
* Linux - /home/janolapin/.fgfs/Terrasync
* Mac - [to complete]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}
=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T13:33:19Z

LoCall:

If you already know how to install scenarios and planes you may skip this small help. 

Please just pay attention to have no "north Italian" or "Ostereich" scenario in higher priority. 

Then continue with [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]
 
 
 

''<big><big><big><big>Install the Scenario and the Planes</big></big></big></big>''

== "The Personal Scenarios Folder" ==

Flightgear have 3 places where to install scenarios in your computer.

Place 1.
is a "basic need" for Flightgear.
When you install Flightgear for first time, just a few minimum scenario are installed with :
e.g. usually :
- Windows - C:\Program Files\Flightgear\data\Scenary
- Linux - /usr/share/flightgear/Scenery
- Mac - [to complete]

Place 2.
is where are downloaded and kept the scenarios from Terrasync (e.g. additional scenarios downloaded from inside a running Flightgear)
e.g. usually :
- Windows - C:\users\JanoLapin\Documents\Flightgear\Terrasync
- Linux - /home/janolapin/.fgfs/Terrasync
- Mac - [to complete]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}
=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T13:22:07Z

LoCall:

If you already know how to install scenarios and planes you may skip this small help. 

Please just pay attention to have no "north Italian" or "Ostereich" scenario in higher priority. 

Then continue with [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]
 
 
 

''<big><big><big><big>Install the Scenario and the Planes</big></big></big></big>''

== "The Personal Scenarios Folder" ==

Flightgear have 3 places where to install scenarios in your computer.

1.
One place is a "basic need" for Flightgear.
When you install Flightgear for first time, just a few minimum scenario are installed with :
e.g. usually :
- Windows - C:\Program Files\Flightgear\data\Scenary
- Linux - /usr/share/flightgear/Scenery
- Mac - [to complete]

2.
Another place is where are kept the scenarios downloaded from a running FG (using Terrasync)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}
=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T13:17:27Z

LoCall:

If you already know how to install scenarios and planes you may skip this small help. 

Please just pay attention to have no "north Italian" or "Ostereich" scenario in higher priority. 

Then continue with [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]
 
 
 

''<big><big><big><big>Install the Scenario and the Planes</big></big></big></big>''

== "The Personal Scenarios Folder" ==

Flightgear may have several scenarios in several places in your computer.

Some places are a "basic need" for Flightgear.
The other places are optional and can be chosen by the user.

1. Is where FG have its "basic" scenarios, the one you have when you install FG for the first time.
e.g. but usually :
- Windows - C:\Program Files\Flightgear\data\Scenary
- Linux - /usr/share/flightgear/Scenery
- Mac - [to complete]

2 Is where the mechanism that download the additional scenarios tide up the files

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}
=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T13:15:48Z

LoCall:

If you already know how to install scenarios and planes you may skip this small help. 

Please just pay attention to have no "north Italian" or "Ostereich" scenario in higher priority. 

Then continue with [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]
 
 

''<big><big><big><big>Install the Scenario and the Planes</big></big></big></big>''

== "The Personal Scenarios Folder" ==

Flightgear may have several scenarios in several places in your computer.

Some places are a "basic need" for Flightgear.
The other places are optional and can be chosen by the user.

1. Is where FG have its "basic" scenarios, the one you have when you install FG for the first time.
e.g. but usually :
- Windows - C:\Program Files\Flightgear\data\Scenary
- Linux - /usr/share/flightgear/Scenery
- Mac - [to complete]

2 Is where the mechanism that download the additional scenarios tide up the files

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}
=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T13:14:35Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big>Install the Scenario and the Planes</big></big></big></big>''

If you already know how to install scenarios and planes you may skip this small help. 

Please just pay attention to have no "north Italian" or "Ostereich" scenario in higher priority. 

Then continue with [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

== "The Personal Scenarios Folder" ==

Flightgear may have several scenarios in several places in your computer.

Some places are a "basic need" for Flightgear.
The other places are optional and can be chosen by the user.

1. Is where FG have its "basic" scenarios, the one you have when you install FG for the first time.
e.g. but usually :
- Windows - C:\Program Files\Flightgear\data\Scenary
- Linux - /usr/share/flightgear/Scenery
- Mac - [to complete]

2 Is where the mechanism that download the additional scenarios tide up the files

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}
=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T13:13:59Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big>Install the Scenario and the Planes</big></big></big></big>''

If you already know how to install scenarios and planes you may skip this small help.
Please just pay attention to have no "north Italian" or "Ostereich" scenario in higher priority.
Then continue with [[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

== "The Personal Scenarios Folder" ==

Flightgear may have several scenarios in several places in your computer.

Some places are a "basic need" for Flightgear.
The other places are optional and can be chosen by the user.

1. Is where FG have its "basic" scenarios, the one you have when you install FG for the first time.
e.g. but usually :
- Windows - C:\Program Files\Flightgear\data\Scenary
- Linux - /usr/share/flightgear/Scenery
- Mac - [to complete]

2 Is where the mechanism that download the additional scenarios tide up the files

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}
=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T12:43:34Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big>Install</big></big></big></big>''

== Installing The Scenario ==
=== how and where to unzip the 7z file ===
=== "personal scenarios folder" ===
=== Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"... ===
=== check it does appear in your launcher ===
=== If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it. ===
=== Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder ===

== Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
=== you have the zips ===
=== I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear. ===
=== unzip the planes zip ===
=== if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name. ===

* [[Some wiki link]] – Some description

== External links ==
* [Some external link] – Some description

{{Some navbox}}

[[en:Some language link]]

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T11:02:07Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big>Install</big></big></big></big>''

== Installing The Scenario ==
-------------
you have the zip

Unzip

Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"

If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it.

Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder.

check it does appear in your launcher

==Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
-----------------------------------------
you have the zips

I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear.

unzip the planes zip

if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name.

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline

2020-05-31T10:58:02Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big><big><big>LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline</big></big></big></big></big></big>''
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521102500-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline]]
Climb from "Corna" to "Liscidini"
 
 
[[File:Fgfs-20200521120352-1024x563.png|2048x1022|none|Clock Around Santa Giustina Lake]]
3/4 Clock Around "Santa Giustina Lake"
 

'''Intro - Where it all have started'''

The beginning is always a delicate matter.

It has been true for each one of us debuting and struggling with our plane,
the same it has been to design the LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline "parcours"<ref>[1]parcours - french word for track, journey, route, course and even
of a new urban sport.</ref> ...
and the writing of this article just took several missed approaches !

We all have been at that point, is it not ?

Landing ... We all did manage to bring the plane back on the ground ...

[[File:RWY-Excursion at VQPR-292-978×549.png|978x549|frameless|Excursion at Paro (Buthan)]] [[File:800_Thirsty_Horses_-_screen-009.png|978x549|frameless|Missed Taxiway]]

But doing it in a way that leave us satisfied demand a bit more practice
and knowledge too.

'''Never give up!'''

I did not give up and tried with patience many flying configurations, weather,
weight... The results was continuing average.

My search for explanation led me to find an amazing explanation by a retired flight
instructor ! Crazy simple sketches and just a few words but very clear !

Of course, any student aerospace engineer will surely study the same with way higher
detail. But pilots and engineers are different in this, and it is where Rob's
explanation earn a strong point !

'''Landing is not <big><big>continuing</big></big> to descend until the ground - it is a <big><big>controlled stall</big></big>.'''

My 1st reaction was : "...no... no ways !"

But the doubt got quickly away !

Figure out a little motorboat changing direction :
(view from top)

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 1.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation - 1]]

blue - the '''''wished''''' direction ;
red - the '''''obtained''''' track.

· Ground : a car would obtain an almost immediate "turn".
· Water : water is elastic, you "drift" to the "wished" track.
· Air : even more elastic, more drift for the wished track.

(view from Side)

Same rule,
the plane do not '''''"change immediately direction"'''''
because of the ground.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 2.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation help - 2]]

The plane accumulate energy during the descent.
When he touch the ground,
the not completely "used" descent energy
will tend to push the plane <big><big>'''''lower then the ground !'''''</big></big>

Is it bad ?
Well, that is why you have gear shock absorbers... but :

Gear shock absorbers cannot absorb any infinite amount of energy,
they have limits.

If the "remaining" energy is '''''still too much''''' :
- or you have a crash and a belly landing ;
- or a "bump bump bump" and then probably a crash too.<ref>[2]Tortoise oscillations - Succession of quick oscillations where the plane will
become quickly impossible to control and almost ever
resulting in a crash.</ref>

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 6.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 6]]

If this happen, FIREWALL! and Go Around !<ref>[3]"Firewall! Firewall! - Instruction/information given by one pilot to the other
where the thrust lever is beaten at the physical edge,
resulting in engines delivering the absolute maximum
thrust power !
It is an extreme evasive maneuver that should only last
a few seconds. (about 6 ~ 8 for most engines).
It is one step beyond then the "unleash the beast" !
Engines must come back to normal thrust levels in order
to avoid irreversible damages.</ref>
If you do not, and you survive, you are going
to be known the rest of your life as '''''Captain Kangourou'''''.

Another crash will happen if you stall from too high.

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 5.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 5]]

Gear shock absorbers can <big><big>'''''not'''''</big></big> absorb this.

<big><big>'''The Proper way'''</big></big>

Rob was writing something like ... :
----------------------------------
"This energy that in the air is your friend,
on the ground become your enemy".
Leave this energy there, exhaust it !"

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 3.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 3]]

That is why we "round up", "we retard", "we flare".
Landing is never direct.

When descent energy is "ended" then you become
able to land, brake, steer and control your plane...

<big><big>'''So, what is the "proper height" to stall ?'''</big></big>

"Any height that can be handled by the landing
gear shock absorber."
"But, ideally, from 'Zero' feet above RWY."

[[File:Landing - Explanation - 4.png|361x264px|frameless|Landing - Explanation Help - 4]]

The butter landing !

<big><big><big>'''''Conclusion'''''</big></big></big>

Stall '''''is''''' at the "edge" of the "flying envelope", '''''not''''' in the middle of the safe average.

That is why my landings was not so good.
Knowing '''''the edge''''', the limits of our plane '''''is crucial'''''.

And this led me to the idea of a place where we could try, discover and test our plane, going at the edge, to the limit.

Very low level flight, at '''''relatively high speed''''', we have tried, the '''''Adrenaline is at the <big>Rendez-vous</big> !'''''

<big><big><big>'''''LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline was born ! '''''</big></big></big>

<big><big>'''''But why a challenge for small planes and not big planes or military planes ? '''''</big></big>

Does theses names from the real life are known to you ? :

Robert (Bob) Pearson, Tadeusz Wrona, Jerzy Szwarc, Chesley Sullenberger,
Jeffrey Skiles, Carlos Dardano and Dionisio Lopez.

They should !

These are all heroes where with their outstanding pilot skills they have saved
lives !

- "Gimli Glider, Captain Robert (Bob) Pearson, Air Canada flight 43, at Manitoba,
zero loss and minimal damage to the plane ;
- Captain Tadeusz Wrona (+officer Jerzy Szwarc) - belly landed the B767 with no
injuries to anyone (LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16, Nov 2011) ;
- Captain Chesley Sullenberger (+officer Jeffrey Skiles) accomplishing that
controversial but impossible landing on the Hudson river (US Airways Flight
1549);
- Captain Carlos Dardano (+officer Dionisio Lopez) achieve a dead stick landing
on the grass levee at Michoud (New Orleans) May 1988 (Taca flight 110) ;

There are of course several more of them.

But what all off them have in common, is the countless hours of flight in small
plane with the habit to take their small plane at the edge !

<big><big>'''''Rendez-vous at the Start !'''''</big></big>

[[File:Small-fgfs-20200521095013.png|2048x1022|none|START]]

Have fun,
LoCall

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Download | Next page : LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Download > ]]

User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Install

2020-05-31T10:42:49Z

LoCall:

''<big><big><big><big>Install</big></big></big></big>''

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== Installing The Scenario ==
-------------
you have the zip

Unzip

Add you to your "personal scenarios folder"

If you do not have a "personal scenarios folder" - create it.

Instruct Flightgear launcher to lookup in that folder.

check it does appear in your launcher

==Installing The planes you want to see or to fly with ==
-----------------------------------------
you have the zips

I opted to have an additional folder with additional planes. So when I update Flightgear the planes do not ... disappear.

unzip the planes zip

if necessary strip out the "-master" from the plane folder name.

All elements are installed !

[[User:LoCall/LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline/Planes | LILO-LOWI-Adrenaline - Planes > ]]