FlightGear wiki - User contributions [en]

Howto:Configure camera view windows

2026-01-15T13:43:47Z

D-ECHO: /* Required changes in preferences.xml */ Preferences.xml was replaced by defaults.xml

: ''See also [[CompositeViewer Support]] and [[Canvas_Development#Supporting_Cameras]]

[[File:Fg-multiview-demo.png|thumb|$FG_ROOT/Docs/README.multiscreen [http://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=6455&p=260733#p260733]]]

This article discusses '''how to configure camera view windows''' for systems with more than one monitor. FlightGear's multiple view features are very powerful, and it is amazing how fast things run on medium and even lower range hardware.

== Major modes of operation ==
FlightGear's [[XML]]-configurable camera view system supports two major modes of operation:

# If you have multiple monitors connected to your computer and setup as separate independent displays (i.e. you can't drag a window back and forth between the monitors, and can't create a window that spans multiple monitors) then you can configure FlightGear to open up a separate window on each display and draw a unique view perspective in each window. (And if you want you can configure flightgear to open multiple windows on a single display.)
# If you have multiple monitors connected as one larger virtual display, you can configure FlightGear to open up one large window that spans all your displays, but then separate that large window into individual cameras and still draw a unique perspective on each display.

In addition, each view is highly configurable, no matter how your displays are configured.

* You can setup a distinct field of view for each display, so you can create a seamless outside world with different size monitors.
* If you wish, you can define each view in terms of the low level view frustum parameters, so you can carefully measure your monitor/display layout and configure each view to match your physical layout exactly ... including asymmetric view frustums if need be. Otherwise you can still define your views in terms of a simpler (but less flexible) horizontal/vertical field of view scheme.
* You can specify the horizontal and vertical offset from center for each display. This allows you to spread out your monitors to account for the physical gap between displays ... this allows you to create an even more seamless virtual world where runway lines and horizon lines start in the correct place on the next monitor when they run off the edge of the first. Imagine taking a large poster, cutting it into pieces and then separating the pieces from each other by a little bit ... none of the straight lines in the original image will pass straight through in the separated/stretched version. Now imagine taking that same picture and cutting strips out of it, but leaving the sections where they were originally. Straight lines are preserved between adjacent pieces. This is what this is about.

=== Use Cases ===
* ATI (the ATI that makes graphics chips and cards) used a simplified (pre-release) version of this feature to demo 8 screens being driven from a single computer at SigGraph this year.
* Enter the Matrox Triple Head to Go (do a Google search for it if you haven't heard of it.) This is just a little box, but to the computer, it looks like one giant 3x wide monitor. It plugs into your computer on one side, and on the other side you plug in 3 actual monitors. So you get up to 3 monitors without your computer needing to know anything about it, and even on video cards with only one external display connector (like a laptop.) Using the 2nd mode of operation described above, I divided my one big window into 3 camera views and was able to draw about 120 degree wrap around field of view on 3 displays.

== Required changes in defaults.xml ==
{{note|1=The changes to defaults.xml suggested here are better added to a personal XML file that can be invoked with the command line option <code>--config=path-to-your-config.xml</code>. For details on why and how, see [[FlightGear configuration via XML#Adding your own settings]].}}

As of version 1.9, FlightGear uses [[OpenSceneGraph]] (OSG) for rendering the scenery. OSG already has an implementation for setting up different cameras looking at the scene and they are configured in <tt>[[$FG ROOT]]/defaults.xml</tt>.

Slave cameras are created using properties in defaults.xml. One slave is always created that is aligned with the viewing parameters of the
master camera. Others can be opened in different graphics windows, possibly on other displays and screens. A slave camera is presently created in its own window. Closing any of the windows will close FlightGear as a whole.

Parameters for the slave are currently pretty limited; they include:

* The dimensions and position of the window.
* "shear" values in projection space.
* "heading-deg" (a heading offset that was added specifically for LinuxTag).

The shear-x and shear-y values are really only useful for setting up a "video wall" type display where monitors arranged around the "master view" show a view in an offset frustum with the same aspect ratio and fov as the master.

Let's first look at an example, setting up two extra windows. Add something like the following code to the <rendering> section of your defaults.xml file:

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<camera>
<host-name type="string"></host-name>
<display>0</display>
<screen>0</screen>
<shear-x>2</shear-x>
<shear-y>1</shear-y>
<width>320</width>
<height>240</height>
<fullscreen type="bool">false</fullscreen>
</camera>
<camera>
<host-name type="string"></host-name>
<display>0</display>
<screen>0</screen>
<shear-x>-2</shear-x>
<shear-y>1</shear-y>
<width>320</width>
<height>240</height>
<fullscreen type="bool">false</fullscreen>
</camera>
</syntaxhighlight>

To simplify maintenance you can also save these modifications in a separate [[PropertyList XML files|PropertyList XML file]] (in essence the toplevel XML node must be named "PropertyList") and simply reference it in defaults.xml by making use of the include attribute in the <rendering> section.

defaults.xml will look like this:

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<rendering include="camera-views.xml">
...
</rendering>

</syntaxhighlight>

And a to be created camera-views.xml file will have the following content:

<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<PropertyList>
<camera>
<host-name type="string"></host-name>
<display>0</display>
<screen>0</screen>
<shear-x>2</shear-x>
<shear-y>1</shear-y>
<width>320</width>
<height>240</height>
<fullscreen type="bool">false</fullscreen>
</camera>
<camera>
<host-name type="string"></host-name>
<display>0</display>
<screen>0</screen>
<shear-x>-2</shear-x>
<shear-y>1</shear-y>
<width>320</width>
<height>240</height>
<fullscreen type="bool">false</fullscreen>
</camera>
</PropertyList>
</syntaxhighlight>

Finally, you may be better off just running a separate FlightGear instance on the second monitor and slaving it. The whole idea behind having a multiple screen setup like twinview is that it mimics a continuous area with no boundaries. Putting those screen boundaries back in when the video subsystem has worked so hard to eliminate them is a metaphor collision and a design problem, see [[Property Tree/Native Protocol Slaving]].

== Related content ==
=== Wiki articles ===
* [[PropertyList XML files]]
* [[FlightGear configuration via XML]]
* [[ExtraViewWindows]]
* [[SView]]

=== Mailing list threads ===
* [http://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/mailman/message/19411126/ <nowiki>[Flightgear-devel] building view windows</nowiki>] (May 2008)
* [http://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/mailman/message/19718339/ <nowiki>[Flightgear-devel] RFC: changes to views and cameras</nowiki>] (June-July 2008)
* [http://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/mailman/flightgear-devel/thread/4754694F.4040609%40wanadoo.fr/#msg15646938 <nowiki>[Flightgear-devel] dual head problem</nowiki>] (December 2007)
* [http://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/mailman/flightgear-devel/thread/ef5fc9920803171336q6e62c038q65c96b822c9f47f1%40mail.gmail.com/#msg18867154 <nowiki>[Flightgear-devel] Matrox TripleHead2Go</nowiki>] (Marsh 2008-June 2011)
* [http://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/mailman/flightgear-devel/thread/20081014201611.GC1483%40voyageur.mas.nom.fr/#msg20557100 <nowiki>[Flightgear-devel] Patch for multiscreen mode with multiplayer</nowiki>] (October 2008)

=== Readme file ===
* {{readme file|multiscreen}}

== External links ==
* David R. Miller, [http://www.inkdrop.net/dave/multimon.pdf ''Multiple Monitors in FlightGear: Quick and Dirty''] (PDF, 0.8 MB), last updated 4 Mar 2006. Setting up multiple monitors on multiple system with different OS:es. May be outdated.
* example files from the german c't magazine: ftp://ftp.heise.de/pub/ct/listings/1309-162.zip

[[Category:Howto|Configure camera views in Windows]]
[[Category:Discusses editing preferences.xml]]

[[es:Cómo configurar ventanas de vistas de cámara]]
[[fr:Howto:Configurer cameras, vues et fenêtres]]

Schleicher ASK 13

2026-01-13T13:05:35Z

D-ECHO: minor changes

{{Stub}}
{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
The '''Schleichter ASK 13''' is a two-seater [[Gliders|glider]] that was built by Alexander Schleicher. It was and still is widely used for ab-initio training of glider pilots.

The [[FlightGear]] model of the ASK-13 comes with a basic [[dual control]] support. So far this is only a passive passenger view, but yet an instructor can be with their student and help newcomers to discover the joys of soaring by real time piloting advices.

== Development status ==
General:

* Dual Control is now limited to a simple , passive passenger view.
* Passenger view has a very limited audio support.
* FDM is relatively accurate, but could be fine tuned. Testers are welcome !

== Related content ==
* [[Howto: Do aerotow over the net]]
* [[Soaring]]

== External links ==
* {{Wikipedia|Schleicher ASK 13 |lang=en}}
* POH https://www.psgc.co.uk/pdf/ask13_flight_manual.pdf

{{Schleicher}}

Aircraft information resources

2025-03-30T07:20:52Z

D-ECHO: /* Aircraft resources */ Add cockpit panel milspec, thanks to JohanG for pointing to the specs!

Please note that as of 04/2009, the section about avionics documents has been moved to a new page that is to be found at [[Avionics development resources]].
Also the section on aircraft operating manuals/handbooks has now been moved to a new dedicated page: [[Aircraft manuals]].
{{TOC limit|3}}

== Aircraft resources ==
=== General ===
* [http://www.airlinercafe.com/list.php?c=walkarounds Airlinercafe] Detailed and high resolution pictures of major components on airliners. ('''Recommended''')
* [http://www.avialogs.com Avialogs.com] Huge amount of aircraft and engine manuals. ('''Recommended''')
* [http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780340741528/appendices/default.htm Civil Jet Aircraft Design]
* [http://simviation.com/designresources.htm Simviation- lots of 3-views]
* [http://www.smartcockpit.com/ Smart Cockpit]
* '''Cockpit Panels:''' Many aircraft, both military and civilian, use military standards for size and configuration of panels. Good resources for these dimensions are the military standards [http://everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS/MIL-SPECS-MIL-F/MIL-F-25173A_15077/ MIL-F-25173A] (for fasteners i.e. screws) and [http://everyspec.com/MS-Specs/MS2/MS25000-MS25999/MS25212C_42008/ MS25212C] for panel dimensions. A sample [[Blender]] file with all different panel sizes for these standards is available [https://github.com/D-ECHO/AircraftDevelopmentResources/blob/main/panel-spec.blend here].

=== Tire data ===
* [https://www.goodyearaviation.com/resources/tiredatabook.html Goodyear Aviation's Tire Databook]

=== Diagrams and 3-views ===
{{see also|Modeling Resources}}

* http://www.seawings.co.uk/reference.htm Diagrams and other data on seaplanes
* http://www.aircraftdesign.com/acpix.html Lots of 3-views on prototype and experimental
* http://www.aviastar.org/index.html only helicopters

=== Airbus ===
==== A320 ====
* http://www.airbusdriver.net
* http://www.e-flight.com/a320.htm

==== A340 ====
* http://www.a340.net/

==== A380 ====
* http://www.gillesvidal.com/blogpano/cockpit1.htm

=== Boeing ===
==== 737 ====
* http://www.b737.org.uk/
* http://www.boeing.com/commercial/737family/

==== 757 ====
* http://www.757.org.uk

=== Cessna ===
==== C152 ====
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/c152_checklist.pdf Checklist]
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/c152_emergency.pdf Emergency Checklist]
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/c152_complete.pdf Combined Checklist]

==== C172 ====
* [http://www.pacificcoastflyers.org/files/POH/C172N_POH.pdf C172N Pilot Operating Handbook]
* http://www.fortmeadeflyingactivity.org/docs/c172p180_n9871fm_combined_procedures_checklist.pdf
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/c172p180_poh_addendum.pdf C172p180 POH Addendum]
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/c172p180_n9871fm_standard_procedures_checklist.pdf Standard Procedures Checklist]
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/c172p180_n9871fm_emergency_procedures_checklist.pdf Emergency Procedures Checklist]
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/c172p180_n9871fm_combined_procedures_checklist.pdf Combined Checklist]

=== Grob ===
* http://freechecklists.net/Resources/Grob/G-115/

=== Mil ===
* Fantastic detail on most aspects of the Mi-2 and Mi-8 including detailed cockpit photos, system diagrams and descriptions from a former pilot (in German). Also excellent sections full of diagrams on aerodynamic theory for both fixed and rotary wing. http://nva-flieger.de/

=== Piper ===
==== Piper Arrow ====
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/pa28r_checklist.pdf pa28r Checklist]
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/pa28r_emergency.pdf Emergency Procedures]
* [http://www.fmfa.org/docs/pa28r_complete.pdf Combined Checklist]

== Gas Turbine Data ==
==== General ====
* [http://www.jet-engine.net/civtfspec.html Civilian Turbojet/Turbofan Specifications]
* [http://www.jet-engine.net/miltfspec.html Military Turbojet/Turbofan Specifications]

[[Category:Aircraft resources]]
[[Category:Lists]]
[[Category:Resources]]

De Havilland Canada DHC-8

2025-02-09T18:42:59Z

D-ECHO: /* Related content */ Change forum link

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
The '''De Havilland Canada DHC-8 Series''', also known as the Dash8 or QSeries, is a family of short-haul twin-engine turboprop airliners. While originally being developed and built by DeHavilland Canada, they were produced by Bombardier Aerospace a long time, before being transferred to Longview Aviation in late 2018. Different Pratt&Whitney (PW) Turboprops are used.<gallery mode="packed-hover">
File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg|Exterior view of the DHC-8-400 at Bergen Lufthavn
File:DHC-8-400 Cockpit In-Flight.jpg| Cockpit of the DHC-8-400 in flight above Norway
</gallery>

== Liveries / Operators <ref>{{wikipedia|List of De Havilland Canada Dash 8 operators}}</ref> ==

'''If you wish to improve current liveries or make new ones, please have a look at README.liveries.md in the Aircraft's folder for important contributing information.'''

The following tables show the operators of the different variants, with only those shown that operate more than 5 aircraft of the corresponding variant.

=== DHC-8-100 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
!Comment
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 22 || {{done}}
|
|-
|Voyageur Airways
|VAL
|20
|{{not done}}
|Seemingly only white liveries
|-
| Jazz Air
|JZA|| 15 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Air Creebec
|CRQ|| 14 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Airlines PNG
|TOK|| 10 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Ravn Alaska (previously Era Airways)
|RVF|| 10 || {{not done}}
|
|-
|Perimeter Aviation
|PAG
|9
|{{not done}}
|Leased to multiple operators
|-
|Aircraft Leasing Services
| -
|8
|{{done}}
|Leased to multiple operators, UN WFP livery modelled
|-
|748 Air Services
|IHO
|6
|{{not done}}
|Leased mostly to the UN; mostly white liveries
|}

=== DHC-8-200 ===
The threshold for inclusion into the table is "'''more than 1"''' since only 42 DHC-8-200 aircraft were built.
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
!Comment
|-
| Air Greenland
|GRL|| 8 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Tassili Airlines Algeria
|DTH|| 4 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 3 || {{done}}
|Old and New Livery available
|-
| Qantas Link (operated by Eastern Australia Airlines)
|QLK|| 3 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Icelandair (previously Air Iceland)
|ICE|| 3 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Abu Dhabi Aviation
| AXU|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Air Niugini
| ANG|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Aurora
| SHU|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Bombardier Inc.
| -|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Maldivian
| DQA|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Oriental Air Bridge
| ORC|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| SATA Air Acores
| SAT|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|}

=== DHC-8-300 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
!Comment
|-
| Jazz Air
|JZA|| 26 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Air New Zealand
|ANZ|| 23 || {{done}}
|
|-
|Voyageur Airways
|VAL
|18
|{{not done}}|-
|Seemingly only white liveries
|-
|QantasLink
|
|16
|{{not done}}
|
|-
| Air Inuit
|AIE|| 9 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Maldivian
|DQA|| 8 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Skippers Aviation
| -|| 6 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 6 || {{done}}
|
|}

=== DHC-8-400 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status !! Comment
|-
| Horizon Air
| || 47 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| WestJet Encore
| || 47 || {{not done}}
|-
| Jazz Air (Air Canada)
|JZA|| 44 || {{done}}
|-
| Qantas Link (operated by Sunstate Airlines)
|QLK|| 31 || {{done}}
|-
| Porter Airlines
|POE/PTR|| 29 || {{done}}||
|-
| Ethiopian Airlines
|ETH|| 26 || {{not done}}
|-
| ANA Wings
|ANA/AKX|| 24 || {{not done}}
|-
| SpiceJet
|SEJ|| 22 || {{not done}}
|-
| Austrian Airlines (Tyrolean Airways)
|AUA/TYR|| 14 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| Bombardier Inc.
| -|| 14 || {{done}}
|-
| PAL Express
|GAP|| 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| airBaltic
|BTI|| 12 || {{done}}
|-
| LOT Polish Airlines
|LOT|| 12 || {{done}} || 2 liveries: LOT and euroLOT
|-
| Luxair
|LGL|| 11 || {{done}}||
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 11 || {{done}}
|-
| South African Express
|EXY|| 10 || {{not done}}
|-
| Olympic Air
|OAL|| 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| JamboJet
|JMA|| 7 || {{not done}}
|-
| Croatia Airlines
|CTN|| 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| SATA Air Acores
|SAT|| 4 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Biman Bangladesh Airlines
|BBC|| 2 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Air Berlin
|BER|| 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|-
| Brussels Airlines
| || 0 || {{done}}|| former operator
|-
| FlyBe
|BEE|| 0 || {{done}} || former operator; 2 liveries
|-
| Scandinavian Commuter
| || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|}

== Related content ==
=== Forum topics ===
* [https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=43015 De Havilland Canada DHC-8] - Dedicated topic on the FlightGear forums

== External links ==
* {{wikipedia|De Havilland Canada Dash 8}} - The DHC-8 Series on Wikipedia

{{appendix}}

{{de Havilland Canada}}
{{Bombardier}}

[[Category:Airliners]]
[[Category:Twin-engine aircraft]]
[[Category:Red Griffin ATC compatible aircraft]]

De Havilland Canada DHC-8

2025-02-09T15:36:28Z

D-ECHO: Update livery list

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
The '''De Havilland Canada DHC-8 Series''', also known as the Dash8 or QSeries, is a family of short-haul twin-engine turboprop airliners. While originally being developed and built by DeHavilland Canada, they were produced by Bombardier Aerospace a long time, before being transferred to Longview Aviation in late 2018. Different Pratt&Whitney (PW) Turboprops are used.<gallery mode="packed-hover">
File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg|Exterior view of the DHC-8-400 at Bergen Lufthavn
File:DHC-8-400 Cockpit In-Flight.jpg| Cockpit of the DHC-8-400 in flight above Norway
</gallery>

== Liveries / Operators <ref>{{wikipedia|List of De Havilland Canada Dash 8 operators}}</ref> ==

'''If you wish to improve current liveries or make new ones, please have a look at README.liveries.md in the Aircraft's folder for important contributing information.'''

The following tables show the operators of the different variants, with only those shown that operate more than 5 aircraft of the corresponding variant.

=== DHC-8-100 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
!Comment
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 22 || {{done}}
|
|-
|Voyageur Airways
|VAL
|20
|{{not done}}
|Seemingly only white liveries
|-
| Jazz Air
|JZA|| 15 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Air Creebec
|CRQ|| 14 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Airlines PNG
|TOK|| 10 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Ravn Alaska (previously Era Airways)
|RVF|| 10 || {{not done}}
|
|-
|Perimeter Aviation
|PAG
|9
|{{not done}}
|Leased to multiple operators
|-
|Aircraft Leasing Services
| -
|8
|{{done}}
|Leased to multiple operators, UN WFP livery modelled
|-
|748 Air Services
|IHO
|6
|{{not done}}
|Leased mostly to the UN; mostly white liveries
|}

=== DHC-8-200 ===
The threshold for inclusion into the table is "'''more than 1"''' since only 42 DHC-8-200 aircraft were built.
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
!Comment
|-
| Air Greenland
|GRL|| 8 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Tassili Airlines Algeria
|DTH|| 4 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 3 || {{done}}
|Old and New Livery available
|-
| Qantas Link (operated by Eastern Australia Airlines)
|QLK|| 3 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Icelandair (previously Air Iceland)
|ICE|| 3 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Abu Dhabi Aviation
| AXU|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Air Niugini
| ANG|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Aurora
| SHU|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Bombardier Inc.
| -|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Maldivian
| DQA|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Oriental Air Bridge
| ORC|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| SATA Air Acores
| SAT|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|}

=== DHC-8-300 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
!Comment
|-
| Jazz Air
|JZA|| 26 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Air New Zealand
|ANZ|| 23 || {{done}}
|
|-
|Voyageur Airways
|VAL
|18
|{{not done}}|-
|Seemingly only white liveries
|-
|QantasLink
|
|16
|{{not done}}
|
|-
| Air Inuit
|AIE|| 9 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Maldivian
|DQA|| 8 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Skippers Aviation
| -|| 6 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 6 || {{done}}
|
|}

=== DHC-8-400 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status !! Comment
|-
| Horizon Air
| || 47 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| WestJet Encore
| || 47 || {{not done}}
|-
| Jazz Air (Air Canada)
|JZA|| 44 || {{done}}
|-
| Qantas Link (operated by Sunstate Airlines)
|QLK|| 31 || {{done}}
|-
| Porter Airlines
|POE/PTR|| 29 || {{done}}||
|-
| Ethiopian Airlines
|ETH|| 26 || {{not done}}
|-
| ANA Wings
|ANA/AKX|| 24 || {{not done}}
|-
| SpiceJet
|SEJ|| 22 || {{not done}}
|-
| Austrian Airlines (Tyrolean Airways)
|AUA/TYR|| 14 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| Bombardier Inc.
| -|| 14 || {{done}}
|-
| PAL Express
|GAP|| 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| airBaltic
|BTI|| 12 || {{done}}
|-
| LOT Polish Airlines
|LOT|| 12 || {{done}} || 2 liveries: LOT and euroLOT
|-
| Luxair
|LGL|| 11 || {{done}}||
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 11 || {{done}}
|-
| South African Express
|EXY|| 10 || {{not done}}
|-
| Olympic Air
|OAL|| 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| JamboJet
|JMA|| 7 || {{not done}}
|-
| Croatia Airlines
|CTN|| 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| SATA Air Acores
|SAT|| 4 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Biman Bangladesh Airlines
|BBC|| 2 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Air Berlin
|BER|| 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|-
| Brussels Airlines
| || 0 || {{done}}|| former operator
|-
| FlyBe
|BEE|| 0 || {{done}} || former operator; 2 liveries
|-
| Scandinavian Commuter
| || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|}

== Related content ==
=== Forum topics ===
* [https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=35719 De Havilland DHC-8] - Dedicated topic on the FlightGear forums

== External links ==
* {{wikipedia|De Havilland Canada Dash 8}} - The DHC-8 Series on Wikipedia

{{appendix}}

{{de Havilland Canada}}
{{Bombardier}}

[[Category:Airliners]]
[[Category:Twin-engine aircraft]]
[[Category:Red Griffin ATC compatible aircraft]]

De Havilland Canada DHC-8

2025-02-06T13:30:04Z

D-ECHO: Update livery tables with ICAO code, remove airlines that seem to no longer operate the DHC-8

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
The '''De Havilland Canada DHC-8 Series''', also known as the Dash8 or QSeries, is a family of short-haul twin-engine turboprop airliners. While originally being developed and built by DeHavilland Canada, they were produced by Bombardier Aerospace a long time, before being transferred to Longview Aviation in late 2018. Different Pratt&Whitney (PW) Turboprops are used.<gallery mode="packed-hover">
File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg|Exterior view of the DHC-8-400 at Bergen Lufthavn
File:DHC-8-400 Cockpit In-Flight.jpg| Cockpit of the DHC-8-400 in flight above Norway
</gallery>

== Liveries / Operators <ref>{{wikipedia|List of De Havilland Canada Dash 8 operators}}</ref> ==

'''If you wish to improve current liveries or make new ones, please have a look at README.liveries.md in the Aircraft's folder for important contributing information.'''

The following tables show the operators of the different variants, with only those shown that operate more than 5 aircraft of the corresponding variant.

=== DHC-8-100 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 22 || {{done}}
|-
|Voyageur Airways
|VAL
|20
|{{not done}}
|-
| Jazz Air
|JZA|| 15 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Creebec
|CRQ|| 14 || {{not done}}
|-
| Airlines PNG
|TOK|| 10 || {{done}}
|-
| Ravn Alaska (previously Era Airways)
|RVF|| 10 || {{not done}}
|-
|Perimeter Aviation
|PAG
|9
|{{not done}}
|-
|Aircraft Leasing Services
| -
|8
|{{Not done}}
|-
|748 Air Services
|IHO
|6
|{{not done}}
|}

=== DHC-8-200 ===
The threshold for inclusion into the table is "'''more than 1"''' since only 42 DHC-8-200 aircraft were built.
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
!Comment
|-
| Air Greenland
|GRL|| 8 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Tassili Airlines Algeria
|DTH|| 4 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 3 || {{done}}
|Old and New Livery available
|-
| Qantas Link (operated by Eastern Australia Airlines)
|QLK|| 3 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Icelandair (previously Air Iceland)
|ICE|| 3 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Abu Dhabi Aviation
| AXU|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Air Niugini
| ANG|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Aurora
| SHU|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Bombardier Inc.
| -|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Maldivian
| DQA|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Oriental Air Bridge
| ORC|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| SATA Air Acores
| SAT|| 2 || {{not done}}
|
|}

=== DHC-8-300 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Jazz Air
|JZA|| 26 || {{done}}
|-
| Air New Zealand
|ANZ|| 23 || {{done}}
|-
|Voyageur Airways
|VAL
|18
|{{not done}}|-
| QantasLink || 16 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Inuit
|AIE|| 9 || {{not done}}
|-
| Maldivian
|DQA|| 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| Skippers Aviation
| -|| 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 6 || {{done}}
|}

=== DHC-8-400 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status !! Comment
|-
| Horizon Air
| || 47 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| WestJet Encore
| || 47 || {{not done}}
|-
| Jazz Air (Air Canada)
|JZA|| 44 || {{done}}
|-
| Qantas Link (operated by Sunstate Airlines)
|QLK|| 31 || {{done}}
|-
| Porter Airlines
|POE/PTR|| 29 || {{done}}||
|-
| Ethiopian Airlines
|ETH|| 26 || {{not done}}
|-
| ANA Wings
|ANA/AKX|| 24 || {{not done}}
|-
| SpiceJet
|SEJ|| 22 || {{not done}}
|-
| Austrian Airlines (Tyrolean Airways)
|AUA/TYR|| 14 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| Bombardier Inc.
| -|| 14 || {{done}}
|-
| PAL Express
|GAP|| 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| airBaltic
|BTI|| 12 || {{done}}
|-
| LOT Polish Airlines
|LOT|| 12 || {{done}} || 2 liveries: LOT and euroLOT
|-
| Luxair
|LGL|| 11 || {{done}}||
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 11 || {{done}}
|-
| South African Express
|EXY|| 10 || {{not done}}
|-
| Olympic Air
|OAL|| 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| JamboJet
|JMA|| 7 || {{not done}}
|-
| Croatia Airlines
|CTN|| 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| SATA Air Acores
|SAT|| 4 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Biman Bangladesh Airlines
|BBC|| 2 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Air Berlin
|BER|| 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|-
| Brussels Airlines
| || 0 || {{done}}|| former operator
|-
| FlyBe
|BEE|| 0 || {{done}} || former operator; 2 liveries
|-
| Scandinavian Commuter
| || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|}

== Related content ==
=== Forum topics ===
* [https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=35719 De Havilland DHC-8] - Dedicated topic on the FlightGear forums

== External links ==
* {{wikipedia|De Havilland Canada Dash 8}} - The DHC-8 Series on Wikipedia

{{appendix}}

{{de Havilland Canada}}
{{Bombardier}}

[[Category:Airliners]]
[[Category:Twin-engine aircraft]]
[[Category:Red Griffin ATC compatible aircraft]]

De Havilland Canada DHC-8

2025-02-06T13:17:32Z

D-ECHO: Update Liveries

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
The '''De Havilland Canada DHC-8 Series''', also known as the Dash8 or QSeries, is a family of short-haul twin-engine turboprop airliners. While originally being developed and built by DeHavilland Canada, they were produced by Bombardier Aerospace a long time, before being transferred to Longview Aviation in late 2018. Different Pratt&Whitney (PW) Turboprops are used.<gallery mode="packed-hover">
File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg|Exterior view of the DHC-8-400 at Bergen Lufthavn
File:DHC-8-400 Cockpit In-Flight.jpg| Cockpit of the DHC-8-400 in flight above Norway
</gallery>

== Liveries / Operators <ref>{{wikipedia|List of De Havilland Canada Dash 8 operators}}</ref> ==

'''If you wish to improve current liveries or make new ones, please have a look at README.liveries.md in the Aircraft's folder for important contributing information.'''

The following tables show the operators of the different variants, with only those shown that operate more than 5 aircraft of the corresponding variant.

=== DHC-8-100 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 22 || {{done}}
|-
|Voyageur Airways
|VAL
|20
|{{not done}}
|-
| Jazz Air
|JZA|| 15 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Creebec
|CRQ|| 14 || {{not done}}
|-
| Airlines PNG
|TOK|| 10 || {{done}}
|-
| Ravn Alaska (previously Era Airways)
|RVF|| 10 || {{not done}}
|-
|Perimeter Aviation
|PAG
|9
|{{not done}}
|-
|Aircraft Leasing Services
| -
|8
|{{Not done}}
|-
|748 Air Services
|IHO
|6
|{{not done}}
|}

=== DHC-8-200 ===
The threshold for inclusion into the table is "'''more than 1"''' since only 42 DHC-8-200 aircraft were built.
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator
!ICAO!! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
!Comment
|-
| Air Greenland
|GRL|| 8 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Tassili Airlines Algeria
|DTH|| 4 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Wideroe
|WIF|| 3 || {{done}}
|Old and New Livery available
|-
| Qantas Link (Eastern Australia Airlines)
|EAQ|| 3 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Icelandair (previously Air Iceland)
|ICE|| 3 || {{done}}
|
|-
| Abu Dhabi Aviation
| || 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Air Niugini
| || 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Aurora
| || 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Bombardier Inc.
| || 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Maldivian
| || 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| Oriental Air Bridge
| || 2 || {{not done}}
|
|-
| SATA Air Acores
| || 2 || {{not done}}
|
|}

=== DHC-8-300 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Jazz Air || 26 || {{done}}
|-
| Air New Zealand || 23 || {{done}}
|-
|Voyageur Airways
|18
|{{not done}}|-
| QantasLink || 16 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Inuit || 9 || {{not done}}
|-
| Maldivian || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| Skippers Aviation || 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| Wideroe || 6 || {{done}}
|}

=== DHC-8-400 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status !! Comment
|-
| Horizon Air || 47 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| WestJet Encore || 47 || {{not done}}
|-
| Jazz Air (Air Canada) || 44 || {{done}}
|-
| Qantas Link || 31 || {{done}}
|-
| Porter Airlines || 29 || {{done}}||
|-
| Ethiopian Airlines || 26 || {{not done}}
|-
| ANA Wings || 24 || {{not done}}
|-
| SpiceJet || 22 || {{not done}}
|-
| Eurowings || 20 || {{not done}}
|-
| Austrian Airlines (Tyrolean Airways) || 14 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| Bombardier Inc. || 14 || {{done}}
|-
| Airphil Express || 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| PAL Express || 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| airBaltic || 12 || {{done}}
|-
| LOT Polish Airlines || 12 || {{done}} || 2 liveries: LOT and euroLOT
|-
| Luxair || 11 || {{done}}||
|-
| Wideroe || 11 || {{done}}
|-
| South African Express || 10 || {{not done}}
|-
| Nok Air || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| Olympic Air || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| JamboJet || 7 || {{not done}}
|-
| Croatia Airlines || 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| SATA Air Acores || 4 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Biman Bangladesh Airlines || 2 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Air Berlin || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|-
| Brussels Airlines || 0 || {{done}}|| former operator
|-
| FlyBe || 0 || {{done}} || former operator; 2 liveries
|-
| Scandinavian Commuter || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|}

== Related content ==
=== Forum topics ===
* [https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=35719 De Havilland DHC-8] - Dedicated topic on the FlightGear forums

== External links ==
* {{wikipedia|De Havilland Canada Dash 8}} - The DHC-8 Series on Wikipedia

{{appendix}}

{{de Havilland Canada}}
{{Bombardier}}

[[Category:Airliners]]
[[Category:Twin-engine aircraft]]
[[Category:Red Griffin ATC compatible aircraft]]

De Havilland Canada DHC-8/info

2025-02-06T13:00:47Z

D-ECHO: Update with new images

<includeonly>{{infobox aircraft
| name = De Havilland Canada DHC-8 Series
| hangar = fgaddon
| aircraft = DHC-8
| image = DHC-8-300-Exterior-In-Flight.jpg
| alt = DHC-8-300 Exterior
| image2 = DHC-8-400-Cockpit.jpg
| alt2 = Cockpit of the DHC-8-400
| type = Airliner/Regional Airliner
| config = High wing aircraft
| propulsion = Turboprop aircraft/Propeller aircraft
| manufacturer = DeHavilland/Bombardier Aerospace/Viking Air
| authors = Alex Park (Maverickalex)/Florian K/D-ECHO/Joshua Davidson
| fdm = JSBSim
| fgname = dhc-8-100/dhc-8-200/dhc-8-300/dhc-8-400
| status-fdm = 2
| status-systems = 4
| status-cockpit = 3
| status-model = 4
| devel-repo = https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/fgaddon/HEAD/tree/trunk/Aircraft/DHC-8/
| navbar = 1
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-8]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

File:DHC-8-300-Exterior-In-Flight.jpg

2025-02-06T13:00:16Z

D-ECHO: Update description

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=The De Havilland Canada DHC-8-300 in Air New Zealand Livery flying above New Zealand.}}
|date=2025-02-06
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category: Screenshots of aircraft]]

File:Q400WIP.jpg

2025-02-06T12:59:26Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO moved page File:Q400WIP.jpg to File:DHC-8-300-Exterior-In-Flight.jpg: Folder Name Change in FGAddon

#REDIRECT [[File:DHC-8-300-Exterior-In-Flight.jpg]]

File:DHC-8-300-Exterior-In-Flight.jpg

2025-02-06T12:59:26Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO moved page File:Q400WIP.jpg to File:DHC-8-300-Exterior-In-Flight.jpg: Folder Name Change in FGAddon

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=The Bombardier Q400. This image shows the current development version, work is in progress :)}}
|date=2016-03-29
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category: Screenshots of aircraft]]

File:DHC-8-300-Exterior-In-Flight.jpg

2025-02-06T12:59:08Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO uploaded a new version of File:Q400WIP.jpg

File:Q400-cockpit.jpg

2025-02-06T12:51:50Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO moved page File:Q400-cockpit.jpg to File:DHC-8-400-Cockpit.jpg: Folder Name Change in FGAddon

#REDIRECT [[File:DHC-8-400-Cockpit.jpg]]

File:DHC-8-400-Cockpit.jpg

2025-02-06T12:51:49Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO moved page File:Q400-cockpit.jpg to File:DHC-8-400-Cockpit.jpg: Folder Name Change in FGAddon

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Cockpit of the Bombardier Q400}}
|date=2016-04-01
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Screenshots of aircraft]]
[[Category:Bombardier Aerospace]]

File:DHC-8-400-Cockpit.jpg

2025-02-06T12:51:14Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO uploaded a new version of File:Q400-cockpit.jpg

File:DHC-8-400 Cockpit In-Flight.jpg

2025-02-06T12:49:19Z

D-ECHO: Uploaded own work with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Cockpit of the DHC-8-400 in flight above Norway}}
|date=2025-02-06 13:46:10
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:De Havilland Canada]]

File:Q400-exterior.jpg

2025-02-06T12:46:50Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO moved page File:Q400-exterior.jpg to File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg: Folder Name Change in FGAddon

#REDIRECT [[File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg]]

File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg

2025-02-06T12:46:50Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO moved page File:Q400-exterior.jpg to File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg: Folder Name Change in FGAddon

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=The exterior of the Bombardier Q400 - mostly done}}
|date=2016-04-01
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Bombardier Aerospace]]

File:DHC-8-400-exterior.jpg

2025-02-06T12:46:36Z

D-ECHO: D-ECHO uploaded a new version of File:Q400-exterior.jpg

De Havilland Canada DHC-8

2025-02-06T12:31:47Z

D-ECHO: Wikipedia Link, Name Change

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
The '''De Havilland Canada DHC-8 Series''', also known as the Dash8 or QSeries, is a family of short-haul twin-engine turboprop airliners. While originally being developed and built by DeHavilland Canada, they were produced by Bombardier Aerospace a long time, before being transferred to Longview Aviation in late 2018. Different Pratt&Whitney (PW) Turboprops are used.

[[File:Q400-exterior.jpg|center|700px]]
The exterior of the Q400 - mostly done
[[File:Q400-cabin.jpg|center|700px]]
The Cabin of the Q400 - (better) textures are still needed
[[File:Q200-cockpit.jpg|center|700px]]
The Cockpit of the Q200 - another family member

== Liveries / Operators <ref>{{wikipedia|List of De Havilland Canada Dash 8 operators}}</ref> ==

'''If you wish to improve current liveries or make new ones, please have a look at README.liveries.md in the Aircraft's folder for important contributing information.'''

The following tables show the operators of the different variants, with only those shown that operate more than 5 aircraft of the corresponding variant.

=== DHC-8-100 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Wideroe || 22 || {{done}}
|-
| Jazz Air || 15 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Creebec || 14 || {{not done}}
|-
| Airlines PNG || 10 || {{done}}
|-
| Era Aviation (Ravn Alaska) || 10 || {{not done}}
|}

=== DHC-8-200 ===
Threshold is '''more than 1''' due to only 42 built
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Air Greenland || 7 || {{done}}
|-
| Tassili Airlines Algeria || 4 || {{not done}}
|-
| Wideroe || 3 || {{done}}
|-
| Qantas Link || 3 || {{not done}}
|-
| Abu Dhabi Aviation || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Iceland || 2 || {{done}}
|-
| Air Niugini || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Aurora || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Bombardier Inc. || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Maldivian || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Oriental Air Bridge || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| SATA Air Acores || 2 || {{not done}}
|}

=== DHC-8-300 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Jazz Air || 26 || {{done}}
|-
| Air New Zealand || 23 || {{done}}
|-
| QantasLink || 16 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Inuit || 9 || {{not done}}
|-
| Maldivian || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| Skippers Aviation || 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| Wideroe || 6 || {{not done}}
|}

=== DHC-8-400 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status !! Comment
|-
| Horizon Air || 47 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| WestJet Encore || 47 || {{not done}}
|-
| Jazz Air (Air Canada) || 44 || {{done}}
|-
| Qantas Link || 31 || {{done}}
|-
| Porter Airlines || 29 || {{paused}} || needs to be converted to vector and new uv-map
|-
| Ethiopian Airlines || 26 || {{not done}}
|-
| ANA Wings || 24 || {{not done}}
|-
| SpiceJet || 22 || {{not done}}
|-
| Eurowings || 20 || {{not done}}
|-
| Austrian Airlines (Tyrolean Airways) || 14 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| Bombardier Inc. || 14 || {{done}}
|-
| Airphil Express || 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| PAL Express || 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| airBaltic || 12 || {{done}}
|-
| LOT Polish Airlines || 12 || {{done}} || 2 liveries: LOT and euroLOT
|-
| Luxair || 11 || {{paused}} || 2 liveries; need to be converted to vector and new uv-map
|-
| Wideroe || 11 || {{done}}
|-
| South African Express || 10 || {{not done}}
|-
| Nok Air || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| Olympic Air || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| JamboJet || 7 || {{not done}}
|-
| Croatia Airlines || 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| SATA Air Acores || 4 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Biman Bangladesh Airlines || 2 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Air Berlin || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|-
| Brussels Airlines || 0 || {{paused}} || former operator; needs to be converted to vector and new uv-map
|-
| FlyBe || 0 || {{done}} || former operator; 2 liveries
|-
| FlyBe - special livery || 0 || {{paused}} || former operator; needs to be converted to vector and new uv-map
|-
| Scandinavian Commuter || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|}

== Related content ==
=== Forum topics ===
* [https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=35719 De Havilland DHC-8] - Dedicated topic on the FlightGear forums

== External links ==
* {{wikipedia|De Havilland Canada Dash 8}} - The DHC-8 Series on Wikipedia

{{appendix}}

{{de Havilland Canada}}
{{Bombardier}}

[[Category:Airliners]]
[[Category:Twin-engine aircraft]]
[[Category:Red Griffin ATC compatible aircraft]]

De Havilland Canada DHC-8/info

2025-02-06T12:29:06Z

D-ECHO: typo

<includeonly>{{infobox aircraft
| name = De Havilland Canada DHC-8 Series
| hangar = fgaddon
| aircraft = DHC-8
| image = Q400WIP.jpg
| alt = Q400
| image2 = Q400-cockpit.jpg
| alt2 = Cockpit of the DHC-8-400
| image3 = Q200-cockpit.jpg
| alt3 = Cockpit of the DHC-8-200
| type = Airliner/Regional Airliner
| config = High wing aircraft
| propulsion = Turboprop aircraft/Propeller aircraft
| manufacturer = DeHavilland/Bombardier Aerospace/Viking Air
| authors = Alex Park (Maverickalex)/Florian K/D-ECHO/Joshua Davidson
| fdm = JSBSim
| fgname = dhc-8-100/dhc-8-200/dhc-8-300/dhc-8-400
| status-fdm = 2
| status-systems = 4
| status-cockpit = 3
| status-model = 4
| devel-repo = https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/fgaddon/HEAD/tree/trunk/Aircraft/DHC-8/
| navbar = 1
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-8]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

De Havilland Canada DHC-8/info

2025-02-06T12:28:55Z

D-ECHO: Add infobox

<includeonly>{{infobox aircraft
| name = De Havilland Canada DHC-8 Series
| hangar = fgaddon
| aircraft = DHC-8
| image = Q400WIP.jpg
| alt = Q400
| image2 = Q400-cockpit.jpg
| alt2 = Cockpit of the DHC-8-400
| image3 = Q200-cockpit.jpg
| alt3 = Cockpit of the DHC-8-200
| type = Airliner/Regional Airliner
| config = High wing aircraft
| propulsion = Turboprop aircraft/Propeller aircraft
| manufacturer = DeHavilland/Bombardier Aerospace/Viking Air
| authors = Alex Park (Maverickalex)/Florian K/D-ECHO/Joshua Davidson
| fdm = JSBSim
| fgname = dhc-8-100/dhc-8-200/dhc-8-300/dhc-8-400
| status-fdm = 2
| status-systems = 4
| status-cockpit = 3
| status-model = 4
| devel-repo = https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/fgaddon/HEAD/tree/trunk/Aircraft/DHC-8/
| navbar = 1
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[De Havilland DHC-8]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

De Havilland Canada DHC-8

2025-02-06T12:27:23Z

D-ECHO: Wanted to move QSeries here, but this page already exists, so I add the content from QSeries and will submit a deletion request for QSeries

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
The '''Bombardier QSeries''', also known as the Dash8-Series, is a family of short-haul twin-engine turboprop airliners. While originally being developed and built by DeHavilland Canada, they were produced by Bombardier Aerospace a long time, before being transferred to Viking Air in late 2018. Different Pratt&Whitney (PW) Turboprops are used.

[[File:Q400-exterior.jpg|center|700px]]
The exterior of the Q400 - mostly done
[[File:Q400-cabin.jpg|center|700px]]
The Cabin of the Q400 - (better) textures are still needed
[[File:Q200-cockpit.jpg|center|700px]]
The Cockpit of the Q200 - another family member

== Liveries / Operators <ref>{{wikipedia|List of Bombardier Dash 8 operators}}</ref> ==

'''If you wish to improve current liveries or make new ones, please have a look at README.liveries.md in the Aircraft's folder for important contributing information.'''

The following tables show the operators of the different variants, with only those shown that operate more than 5 aircraft of the corresponding variant.

=== Q100 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Wideroe || 22 || {{done}}
|-
| Jazz Air || 15 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Creebec || 14 || {{not done}}
|-
| Airlines PNG || 10 || {{done}}
|-
| Era Aviation (Ravn Alaska) || 10 || {{not done}}
|}

=== Q200 ===
Threshold is '''more than 1''' due to only 42 built
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Air Greenland || 7 || {{done}}
|-
| Tassili Airlines Algeria || 4 || {{not done}}
|-
| Wideroe || 3 || {{done}}
|-
| Qantas Link || 3 || {{not done}}
|-
| Abu Dhabi Aviation || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Iceland || 2 || {{done}}
|-
| Air Niugini || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Aurora || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Bombardier Inc. || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Maldivian || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| Oriental Air Bridge || 2 || {{not done}}
|-
| SATA Air Acores || 2 || {{not done}}
|}

=== Q300 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status
|-
| Jazz Air || 26 || {{done}}
|-
| Air New Zealand || 23 || {{done}}
|-
| QantasLink || 16 || {{not done}}
|-
| Air Inuit || 9 || {{not done}}
|-
| Maldivian || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| Skippers Aviation || 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| Wideroe || 6 || {{not done}}
|}

=== Q400 ===
{| class = "wikitable"
! Operator !! Number of Aircraft !! Livery Status !! Comment
|-
| Horizon Air || 47 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| WestJet Encore || 47 || {{not done}}
|-
| Jazz Air (Air Canada) || 44 || {{done}}
|-
| Qantas Link || 31 || {{done}}
|-
| Porter Airlines || 29 || {{paused}} || needs to be converted to vector and new uv-map
|-
| Ethiopian Airlines || 26 || {{not done}}
|-
| ANA Wings || 24 || {{not done}}
|-
| SpiceJet || 22 || {{not done}}
|-
| Eurowings || 20 || {{not done}}
|-
| Austrian Airlines (Tyrolean Airways) || 14 || {{done}} || 2 liveries
|-
| Bombardier Inc. || 14 || {{done}}
|-
| Airphil Express || 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| PAL Express || 12 || {{not done}}
|-
| airBaltic || 12 || {{done}}
|-
| LOT Polish Airlines || 12 || {{done}} || 2 liveries: LOT and euroLOT
|-
| Luxair || 11 || {{paused}} || 2 liveries; need to be converted to vector and new uv-map
|-
| Wideroe || 11 || {{done}}
|-
| South African Express || 10 || {{not done}}
|-
| Nok Air || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| Olympic Air || 8 || {{not done}}
|-
| JamboJet || 7 || {{not done}}
|-
| Croatia Airlines || 6 || {{not done}}
|-
| SATA Air Acores || 4 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Biman Bangladesh Airlines || 2 || {{done}} || included despite low number due to interest ;D
|-
| Air Berlin || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|-
| Brussels Airlines || 0 || {{paused}} || former operator; needs to be converted to vector and new uv-map
|-
| FlyBe || 0 || {{done}} || former operator; 2 liveries
|-
| FlyBe - special livery || 0 || {{paused}} || former operator; needs to be converted to vector and new uv-map
|-
| Scandinavian Commuter || 0 || {{done}} || former operator
|}

== Related content ==
=== Forum topics ===
* [https://forum.flightgear.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=35719 Bombardier QSeries] - Dedicated topic on the FlightGear forums

== External links ==
* {{wikipedia|Bombardier Dash 8}} - The Dash8 Series on Wikipedia

{{appendix}}

{{de Havilland Canada}}
{{Bombardier}}

[[Category:Airliners]]
[[Category:Twin-engine aircraft]]
[[Category:Red Griffin ATC compatible aircraft]]

De Havilland Canada DHC-8

2025-02-06T12:25:38Z

D-ECHO: Blanked the page

SZD-9bis Bocian-1E

2024-09-30T13:09:23Z

D-ECHO: /* Gallery */ fix image

{{infobox Aircraft
|ready = thermal
|image = Bocian-1.jpg
|name =SZD-9bis Bocian-1E
|type =Glider
|authors =AJ MacLeod
|fdm =YASim
|status =Development
|download =http://flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/index.shtml#bocian
}}
[[File:Aerotow2.jpg|thumb|270px|[[Piper J3 Cub|J3]] pulls a Bocian (see ''[[Howto: Do aerotow over the net]]'') ]]
The '''SZD-9bis Bocian-1E''' is a modified version of the Polish glider or sail-plane SZD-9 Bocian, including straight wing-tips, a two part canopy and shock absorbing gear. It was first produced in 1967.

==Handling notes==
Unlike most other glider aircraft in FG, in the bocian "full throttle" equals airbrake fully out and "idle throttle" equals closed airbrakes.

==Specs==
*Crew: 1 pilot
*Capacity: 1 passenger
*Length: 8.20 m (26 ft 11 in)
*Wingspan: 17.80 m (58 ft 5 in)
*Height: 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)
*Wing area: 20.0 m2 (215 ft2)
*Aspect ratio: 15.8
*Empty weight: 345 kg (761 lb)
*Gross weight: 540 kg (1,191 lb)

===Performance===

*Maximum speed: 200 km/h (124 mph)
*Maximum glide ratio: 26
*Rate of sink: 0.82 m/s (161 ft/min

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Bocian-1.jpg|SZD-9bis Bocian in flight
File:Bocian-2.jpg|the cockpit
File:Bocian-3.jpg|on the ground at its manufacturer's airport
</gallery>

== Aircraft help ==
{| class="keytable"
! Key
! Function
|-
|Throttle
|Control airbrakes (full throttle=full airbrakes)
|-
|{{key press|Ctrl|w}}
|Place winch 1000m in front of aircraft
|-
|{{key press|W}}
|Open winch-hook
|-
|{{key press|w}}
|Start winching
|-
|{{key press|Ctrl|o}}
|Find aircraft for aerotow (must be within 60m)
|-
|{{key press|o}}
|Lock aerotow hook
|-
|{{key press|O}}
|Open aerotow hook
|}

== Related content ==
* [[Howto: Do aerotow over the net]]
* [[Soaring]]

== External Links ==
[http://szd.com.pl/en/about the former manufacturer's website (SZD Allstar)]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SZD-9_Bocian wikipedia]

[[Category:Glider aircraft]]

Suggested Flights

2024-08-31T14:52:28Z

D-ECHO: /* Gibraltar */ clean-up and reorganize, update chart links

[[FlightGear]] has accurate and realistic terrain. Here are some interesting places where you can do virtual sight seeing.

If you are starting with [[FGRun]] - the FlightGear launcher - you can enter the [[airport]] id and select the runway on the appropriate screen in the startup wizard.
If you are starting from the command line you can use the options: <tt>--airport=ABCD</tt> and <tt>--runway=12L</tt>.

*Remember to give a look at the [[Suggested Airports]] page, where you can find a comprehensive list of high quality airports in FlightGear.
*If you enjoy these flights, please consider recording a flight and posting a link to it at the [[Suggested Prerecorded Flights]] page.

'''Remove before flight!''' 

Before you start flying into one of the suggested flights, you should add both the terrain and the Objects to you FlightGear installation; This is well explained on the [[Howto: Install scenery|installing scenery]] page.

p.s. charts are generated using FlightGear data only.

This page includes the flights described on the [http://www.flightgear.org/places.html main website] and the suggested flights from the newsletters. It can serve as an archive for suggested flights from future [[FlightGear Newsletter|newsletters]] or can give a flight if creativity is low that month.

{{TOC limit|3}}

=Cross Continentals or World Tour=

* [[Breitling DC-3 World Tour]][[File:Rect17.png|thumbnail]]
* [[Flying the Hump]]

=North America=
==Round Valley Airport==
[[Image:O09-002.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:O09-003.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Covalis, CA. The airport is at the West edge of a 7 mile across valley.<BR/>
The predominant wind is a cross wind. Take-offs to the west (if they use the full runway length) often have to fly between 2 small hills and over another valley while gaining altitude. Most pilots take off to the west.<BR/>
It is a paved runway and quite long. It was designated as an emergency recovery field during the Cold War and was used twice that I know of by military aircraft that could not take off again from the field.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
{{Location map | USA
| caption = Latitude: 39.790156 Longitude: -123.266403
| lat_deg = 39.790156
| lon_deg = -123.266403
}}

* [[O09|O09 - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/O09.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
I have tried this trip using a p38, quite powerful airplane
* [[Lockheed-P38|P38]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=O09 --runway=28 --aircraft=p38
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Half Moon Bay==
[[Image:KHAF-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:KHAF-002.png|thumb|right|Bridge]]
Start at [[KHAF|Half Moon Bay]], Runway 30, with 32km visibility; Takeoff in the C172 and climb to 1000 feet, then continue north over the water, near the shoreline. Look out the right window frequently. Fly up the coast, overfly the Golden Gate Bridge, continue around the top of the peninsula past downtown SF, then fly on to [[KSFO]] for a landing. We now have lots to see.

If you cannot see the runway in the default 172, you must be flying too high or too slowly. You can start by practicing a bit with a good setup:

'''fgfs --offset-distance=1.5 --altitude=500 --vc=70'''

As soon as FlightGear starts, cut the power to 1500 rpm and drop two notches of flap. Maintain 70 kt. Now, pick your landing spot (a bit down the runway) and try to hold it in the same spot on your windshield. If your landing spot starts moving down, you are too high, and should cut another 100 rpm; if it starts moving up, you are too low, and should add another 100 rpm. Adjust the nose to keep your speed at 70 kt all the way down until you're right above the numbers, then cut power to idle, drop the last notch of flaps, flare, and land.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KHAF-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:World-KHAF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.513333 Longitude: -122.501111]]
* [[KHAF|KHAF - Half Moon Bay]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KHAF.pdf chart]

no required scenery tile.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSFO-001.png|thumb|left|Before landing]]
Use the default c172 airplane
* [[Cessna C172P]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KHAF --runway=30 --visibility=32000 --aircraft=c172
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
April 2006 [[User:Hellosimon|Hellosimon]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]]

==Hell's Canyon==
[[Image:25U-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:25U-004.png|thumb|right|Valley]]
Hell's Canyon, Imnaha, OR. This airport is located just west of "Hell's Canyon National Park" which has the Snake River running through it.<br/>
Supposedly it's a 5500 foot drop from the top of the canyon to the river.<BR/>
The airport is located on the brink of this canyon.

See the remarks on the airport page (click on the airport id) ... DOWNDRAFTS, SHEER DROP IN TERRAIN, LIVESTOCK, etc. Don't go here on your first solo x-country. :-)
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:25U-005.png|thumb|left|Landing]]
[[Image:World-25U.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 45.427861 Longitude: -116.693889]]
* [[25U|25U - Round valley]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/25U.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:25U-006.png|thumb|left|Landing 2]]
I have tried this trip using a pilatus PC-9M, powerful airplane
* [[PC-9M|PC-9M]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=25U --aircraft=PC-9M
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Crater Lake National Park Tour==
[[Image:64s-003.png|thumb|left|Approaching the lake]]
[[Image:64s-002.png|thumb|right|Direction 40 degrees]]
Prospect, OR.<br/>

Take off and fly at a heading of about 40 degrees until you cross the first distinct ridge in front of you. (several minutes of flight in the navion ... just climb as fast as you can, it will be a close squeek to get over :-)<br/>

Once you clear the ridge and can see beyond it, turn right and fly a heading of about 70 degrees. You should see two shallow peaks off in the distance. Head right between these -- they are the two sides of the crater. As you get closer the shape of the crater will come into view. There's a lake there in real life, hopefully it will be there in flight gear too before long.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:64s-001.png|thumb|left|Leaving the 64S airfield]]
[[Image:World-64S.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 42.743183 Longitude: -122.488092]]
* [[64S|64S - Prospect State]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/64S.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:64s-004.png|thumb|left|Lake view 1]]
[[Image:64s-005.png|thumb|right|Lake view 2]]

* [[Ryan_Navion|Navion]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=64S --runway=02 --aircraft=navion
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Grand Canyon Tour==
[[Image:Grand_Canyon_Tour_4.jpg|700px|frameless|center]]
Being a special place, there are also special flight rules for VFR traffic around the Grand Canyon. There are multiple no-fly-zones set up and VFR traffic is only allowed to fly via the designated corridors. If you want to fly realistically, avoid these zones in FlightGear as well, following for example the [https://skyvector.com/?ll=36.18649251415492,-112.52223157994264&chart=230&zoom=5&fpl=%20KGCN%20VPGCF%20VPGCG%20VPGCD%20VPGCC%20VPGCA%203608N11252W%203609N11309W%201Z1%201G4%203AZ5 route shown here. (skyvector link)]

This flight takes you from KGCN, the Grand Canyon National Park airport, to 3AZ5, a small airfield called Hualapai located south of the Grand Canyon. Departing from KGCN, fly north-west bound to reach the canyon. From there, either follow the route shown on skyvector above, or fly visually through the canyon westbound towards 1Z1, Grand Canyon Bar Ten Airstrip. From there on, continue flying westward to 1G4. Called Grand Canyon West, 1G4 also marks about the western end of the canyon. To get to your destination 3AZ5, continue along the southern rim, flying eastward now. Shortly after leaving the breathtaking valley behind you, you will already reach your destination. Land and let your engine and your mind cool down from the special views :)

===Gallery===
<gallery>
Grand_Canyon_Tour_2.jpg
Grand_Canyon_Tour_3.jpg
Grand_Canyon_Tour_1.jpg
</gallery>

===Airports===
* KGCN - Grand Canyon National Park Airport - [https://www.aopa.org/destinations/airports/KGCN/details aopa.org]
* 1Z1 - Grand Canyon Bar Ten Airstrip - [https://www.airnav.com/airport/1Z1 airnav.com]
* 1G4 - Grand Canyon West - [https://www.airnav.com/airport/1G4 airnav.com]
* 3AZ5 - Hualapai - [https://www.airnav.com/airport/3AZ5 airnav.com]

===Suggested aircraft===
Most VFR aircraft with sufficiently big windows will serve the purpose, for example:
*[[Cessna C172P]]
*[[Optica]]
*[[Ryan_Navion]]
If you are more interested in flying helicopters, the [[Eurocopter EC130 B4]] with the Grand Canyon Helicopters livery might be for you.

===Links===
*[https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/nature/upload/sfra.pdf Chart of the Grand Canyon special airspace, published by the National Park Service]
*[http://www.swaviator.com/html/issueJJ99/canyon.html An article about flying close to the Grand Canyon]
*[https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2017/april/flight-training-magazine/road-trip-grand-canyon AOPA Flight suggestion]

==Ranger Creek Airport==
[[File:21w-1.jpg|500px|center|Waiting for departure at Ranger Creek]]
Ranger Creek Airport is located in Greenwater, Washington, USA. Being wedged into the bottom of a steep canyon, you'll definitely need to be on your toes to get in and out of there. Switch on Advanced Weather and Live Data to experience what the winds can do to you in real life!
===Airports and coordinates===
* [[21W|21W - Ranger Creek]] - [http://www.airnav.com/airport/21W airnav.com]
===Gallery===
<gallery>
Ranger_Creek1.jpg|Departing between the mountains
Ranger_Creek_2.jpg|Looking back towards the airfield
Ranger_Creek_3.jpg|Downwind for approach back to Ranger Creek
</gallery>
===Suggested aircraft===
For this flight, the Piper PA-18 SuperCub is suggested, this is included in the [[Piper J3 Cub]] package

==Mount Rainier Tour==
[[Image:WA20-002.png|thumb|left|The mountain from far away]]
[[Image:WA20-006.png|thumb|right|external view]]
Eatonville, WA. Start out at Swanson Airport in Eatonville, WA. Take off and fly a heading of about 90 degrees. You will need to fly for 5-10 minutes before the mountain comes into view. Be patient if you don't see it right away, it will dwarf everything in it's vicinity.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-WA20.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 46.87588502 Longitude: -122.25733500]]

* [[WA20|WA20 - Swanson]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/WA20.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w130n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:WA20-007.png|thumb|left|external near view]]
[[Image:WA20-009.png|thumb|right|external near view]]
* [[mosquito]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=WA20 --aircraft=mosquito
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Death Valley Tour==
[[Image:L06-001.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:Furnace-creek.jpg|thumb|left|real life view of Furnace Creek Airfield]]
[[Image:L06-002.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
Furnace Creek, CA. This starts you right in the middle of Death Valley which runs north & south. If you head south about 15 miles you'll hit the lowest point in the USA, 282 feet (86 meters) below sea level.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-L06.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 36.46451100 Longitude: -116.88139422]]
* [[L06|L06 - Furnace Creek]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/L06.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:L06-003.png|thumb|left|in the air]]
[[Image:L06-004.png|thumb|right|in the air]]
* [[rallye-MS893]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=L06 --aircraft=rallye-MS893
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Utah==
!!! Work in progress !!!<BR/>

Escalante Muni Airport, Escalante, UT. This airport is east and a bit north of Bryce Canyon National park. If you head mostly south and a bit east you'll eventually hit the Grand Canyon. It is sandwiched between the Dixie National forest to the north and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument to the south. There should be interesting stuff to see no matter which direction you head.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-1L7.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.75054400 Longitude: -111.57578300]]
* [[1L7|1L7 - Escalante Muni]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/1L7.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=1L7 --aircraft=pa18
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Lake County Airport (CO)==
[[Image:KLXV-001.png|thumb|left|Adjust mixture !]]
[[Image:KLXV-002.png|thumb|right|The terrain will be covered by snow]]
Lake County Airport, Leadville, CO. This airport is at an elevation of 9927 making it a bit of a challenge to get into and out of with a standard C172.<BR/>
Make sure you lean out your engine before taking off and read up on density altitude before you try this one in real life.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:KLXV-003.png|thumb|left|The airport]]
[[Image:World-KLXV.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 39.22812500 Longitude: -106.31835600]]
* [[KLXV|KLXV - Lake Co]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KLXV.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w110n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KLXV-004.png|thumb|left|I like this panorama]]
[[Image:KLXV-005.png|thumb|right|The nearby lake]]
* [[Cessna C172P]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
[[Image:KLXV-006.png|thumb|left|Landing...]]
fgfs --airport=KLXV --aircraft=c172p
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Caribbean - Saint Martin and St. Kitts==
[[Image:TNCM-003.png|thumb|left|just after the take off]]
[[Image:TNCM-004.png|thumb|right|some nearby island]]
Pilots of the Caribbeans is an informal FlightGear community of users who fly around the small Caribbean islands, many of which have custom scenery and improved landclass data. (For details see [[Pilots of the Caribbean]])<BR/>

[[TNCM|Princess Juliana International Airport (TNCM)]] at the isle of Saint Martin, is one of the most popular airports in FlightGear. In large part due to the custom objects and land cover. However, St. Marten is only one of several detailed airports in the region - and, while the approach for TNCM is one of the most memorable in the whole world, the land cover for St. Kitts and Nevis makes it a lovely place to fly.

British Airways, US Airways and American Airlines, among others, all fly into St. Kitts' [[TKPK|Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK)]] in real life.

Take off from TKPK in a [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]] and make a northward, clockwise circle of the island. Start your descent on the east side of the island, and focus on the small hill which separates the north from the south. Start hugging the coast near the beach and look to the west - as soon as the railroad heads to the southwest, you're about ready to turn for final. Make your right hand turn for final and taxi to the terminal.

If you want to fully explore this whole country, take off in a Beaver, which has a little more speed, and fly a figure eight. Take off from TKPK and circle the airport to the north like in the Cub. Then instead of landing, perform a touch-and-go and turn left over the boat terminal and make for the west coast of Nevis. Enjoy the beauty of the south coast of St. Kitts before circling Nevis. Over Nevis, you have several options - cut your flight short and land at [[TKPN]] on the island of Nevis, complete the "figure eight" by heading back to TKPK, or check your fuel and head east across the Caribbean to Antigua (which does not have custom land cover).<BR/>
<BR/>
Check out the [[Pilots of the Caribbean]] page, for further informations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-TNCM.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 18.040953 Longitude: -63.108900]]

* [[TNCM|TNCM - Princess Juliana International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TNCM.pdf chart]
* [[TKPK|TKPK - Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPK.pdf chart]
* [[TKPN|TKPN - Vance Winkworth Amory Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TKPN.pdf chart]
others interesting airports in the area:
* [[TFFF|TFFF - Le Lamentin]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFF.pdf chart]
* [[MDPP|MDPP - Gregorio Luperon Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/MDPP.pdf chart]
* [[TJSJ|TJSJ - Luis Munoz Marin Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TJSJ.pdf chart]
* [[FMEE|FMEE - St Denis Gillot]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/FMEE.pdf chart]
* [[TFFG|TFFG - Grand Case]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/TFFG.pdf chart]

required scenery tile:
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w070n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n10.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w080n20.tgz
* ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w090n20.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:TNCM-005.png|thumb|left|amazing]]
[[Image:TNCM-006.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[Piper_J3_Cub|Piper Cub]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=TKPK --aircraft=Cub
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Author===
[[FlightGear Newsletter January 2011]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]], format and extended by [[User:Francescobrisa|Francescobrisa]].

==Friedman Memorial Airport (Idaho)==
[[Image:KSUN-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:KSUN-002.png|thumb|right|nearby]]
Friedman Memorial Airport, Hailey, Idaho. This airport is nestled in a valley surrounded by significant terrain. It's one that shows up quite often in accident investigations.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KSUN.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 43.51223900 Longitude: -114.30376100]]
* [[KSUN|KSUN - Friedman Mem]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KSUN.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w120n40.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KSUN-003.png|thumb|left|landing]]
[[Image:KSUN-004.png|thumb|right|landing]]
* [[FK9MK2]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KSUN --aircraft=fk9mk2
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Wyoming - Grand Teton ==
Jackson Hole (KJAC) airport is located at around 6,400ft right next to the Teton range of mountains. The Tetons rise straight out of the plains, gaining over 5,000ft in 2 miles.

You will need the w120n40 scenery.

Tower frequency at KJAC is 118.07. Due to the high altitude, you will need to lean non-turbocharged piston aircraft before take-off. Don't forget that take-off distances will also be longer.

After take-off head to the North East. Grand Teton is the highest of the three peaks that rise straight from the flat-lands. Follow the line of mountains to the East, passing over Jenny Lake. After a couple of miles you will reach a huge lake. The large bulk of a mountain to the East is Mount Moran.

The Teton Mountain range is surprisingly thin - really just a string of mountains running SW-NE. Flying fast jets down the steep valleys is recommended.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

== Virginia Eastern Shore, Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel Sightseeing ==
[[Image:KTGI-001.png|thumb|left|before take off]]
[[Image:KTGI-002.png|thumb|right|right after take off]]

Take a short VFR trip from Tangier Island to view the famous Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Cape Charles to Cape Henry. Depart historic Tangier Island (KTGI) situated in the Chesapeake Bay and land at Norfolk International Airport (KORF), Norfolk, Virginia. The scenic character of the flight is enhanced by leaving the island at dusk. The flight is both scenic and challenging. Frequently, when flying with real weather, you will have a steady wind blowing across the bay. Starting out quiet Tangier and arriving at busy, glittering Norfolk International (KORF) gives the flight some contrast.

'''fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk'''

Before leaving Tangier: Set your altimeter to the prevailing barometric temperature. Set your communications radio to the Norfolk Intl. (KORF) ATIS frequency of 127.150 MHz to listen for weather reports in the destination area. Set your navigation radio to 112.20 MHz to pick up the Cape Charles (CCV) VOR. Set your heading bug to the runway heading, 200.

Takeoff straight, flying the runway heading. Climb to 2000ft and maintain.

Shortly, you should see the VOR assigned to NAV1 display receive a steady signal (the OFF flag will disappear). The DME should also settle down and display the distance to the Cape Charles VOR station. The flight to CCV will be about 26 nautical miles. As you fly, it will show your airspeed and time to arrival. It should take about ten minutes.

Turn the OBS knob until the VOR displays the TO flag and 190 degrees, the heading you should now turn to.

Fly south from Tangier, crossing an expanse of water, about ten miles until you see the Virginia Eastern Shore. You'll come upon the grass airstrip of Chance (VA89) a few minutes out from Tangier. Beyond are two flashing tower beacons. You may catch a glimpse of Weirwood/Kellam (W08) on the ocean shore, recognizable by two crossing dirt strips.

If you look carefully, you may see the little white building that is the Cape Charles VOR station. As you fly over VOR the flag will change from TO to FROM and the needle will deflect. Do not try to follow the needle. Wait until you are past the VOR. As you cross the VOR station, you should see a highway slanting across your path toward the south west. Turn to follow this highway. You'll come across a lone tower with beacon along the roadside. You'll see an access road stretching from the tower complex to the main road.

If the sky conditions permit, you may try your hand at wayfinding by following the road. If visiblity is poor, set the VOR to 180 degrees to parallel the road to the end of the peninsula. Or you can continue to fly outbound from the VOR on 190 by maintaining the same heading. The VOR needle should return to center with the FROM flag displaying. This will put you west of the bridge with a good view and the option to turn towards KORF near the initial approach fix. If you follow the highway you will need to overfly the airport, but if you stay on the 190 heading, you will be in a position to make a straight in landing.

As you fly down the peninsula you'll pass Cherrystone, Eagle's Nest, Scott and Bull Farm grass airstrips. Bull Farm is the last strip before the mouth of the Chesapeake. Just past Scott Farm you should see the first glimmer of the northern leg of the bridge. The grass strips can be very difficult to see.

As you reach the end of the peninsula, be careful to avoid the tower on Fisherman's Island at the north end of the north leg of the bridge (Note the bridge is not modeled by FlightGear...but I hope to work up one eventually). Next comes the north middle leg. Turn right a few degrees to follow the south middle leg. Watch as the deck plunges beneath the waves to allow ships to navigate the north and south channels.

As Cape Henry approaches, you'll see the Norfolk International airport to the right and the southern leg of the bridge touching the shore.

If you intend to land at KORF, you will want to start your approach soon. Otherwise, you may continue to follow the bridge to the end. Make the approach to KORF by contacting the tower for vectors. Or use the ILS.

This is a good flight to practice VOR flying on. It is a very straight flight path to the VOR requiring little adjustment and there are no other VORs in the area to confuse you.
*June 2006 by [[User:Sek|Sek]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:World-KTGI.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 37.8250835 Longitude: -75.9976665]]
* [[KTGI|KTGI - Tangier Island]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KTGI.pdf chart]
* [[KORF|KORF - Norfolk International]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/KORF.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w80n30.tgz

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:KTGI-003.png|thumb|left|surroundings]]
[[Image:KORF-001.png|thumb|right|landing to KORF]]
I have tried this trip using a Seneca II
* [[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II]]
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===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=KTGI --runway=20 --timeofday=dusk --aircraft=SenecaII
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Prince George to Calgary Springbank==
A beautiful flight is from Prince George (CYXS), to Calgary Springbank (CYBW). Route created by reed, which can be seen at {{forum link|t=9772|text=the forums}}
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2010]] By [[User:Cael|Cael]].
==Ketchikan to Juneau==
It's cold where we will go so dress up warm and if we are lucky we might see whales during our flight. Don't fly too high to enjoy the amazing views, and there is a small challenge at the end. The runways we will use are long enough for bigger aircraft (7000+). Total length of the trip will be around 245 NM. So, hop in the cockpit of your favourite airliner.

Alaska, here we come! Enjoy!
#Park your aircraft on PAKT, [http://www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us/airport/airport_history.htm Ketchikan International], runway 11. The wind is coming from '''South''', change the weather if needed (SE is ok too).
#Fly North towards [[NDB]] Fredericks Point on 372.0 for 94 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Five Fingers on 295.0 for 39 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Gustavus on 219.0 for 77 NM.
#Fly towards [[NDB]] Coghlan Island on 212.0 for 32 NM.
#Set the [[ILS]] on 109.9 and land your aircraft (after 4 NM) on PAJN, [http://www.juneau.org/airport/ Juneau International], runway 08.
If you feel warm after this landing, you just crossed a NORAD microwave site, so that is why.
*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]] [[FlightGear Newsletter November 2011]]
==Searching Wizard Island==
*USA, Oregon, Klamath County
With one [[VORTAC]] behind our back we do an [[IFR]]/[[VFR]] search of Wizard Island, a mysterious place, a sacred place for native Americans. You might even find the <tt>Old Man of the Lake</tt>.

Don't pull up the map, that would spoil the surprise but I promise '''unique views'''. We will land on a short lawn runway. Terrain [[altitude]] will range from 4,000 to a max of 8,930 feet and down again. Total length of the trip will be about 50 NM. Select your aircraft with care. It must have one working navigational radio (VOR-DME), a strong engine, a strong undercarriage, must be capable of a good climb and a steep descend. I suggest to use Fair weather (Environment=>Global Weather). If needed remove some clouds (View=>Rendering Options=>Slider 3d Clouds to the left).
[[File:Mount Scott.jpg|thumb|250 px|Mount Scott (8,929 feet) just after depart from 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven). Wizard Island is just to the North-West of it.]]
*Park your aircraft on 2S7 (Two Sierra Seven), Chiloguin-State.
*Set [[NAV1]] on 115.9 (Klamath Falls VORTAC) and on radial 323<sup>o</sup> (Magnetic). We are at an [[elevation]] of 4,217 feet. Set QNH. Set heading bug at 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn).
*Take off an fly the course set with the heading bug.
*Intercept the radial.
*Monitor distance and you will find Wizard Island at 50 NM from Klamath Falls. The island has an elevation of 6,673 feet. I suggest a full 360<sup>o</sup> turn, take pictures.
*Set radial 318<sup>o</sup>, keep the same frequency. Do a new radial intercept.
*Try and find the airstrip (3S6, Three Sierra Six, Toketee-State) at 71 NM from Klamath Falls with an elevation of 3,361 feet, runway heading 275<sup>o</sup> (Magn). There are bumps around you should avoid.
*If you are capable of finding the island, finding the airstrip and landing without a crash, in one go..., you are a wizard.

Click [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_Lake this link] '''after''' you have landed so you know what amazing landscape you have seen.

*December 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published [[FlightGear_Newsletter_March_2012|Newsletter March 2012]].

=South America=
==Southern Tip of Chile==
[[Image:Scgz-001.png|thumb|left|right after take off]]
[[Image:Scgz-004.png|thumb|right|Some part of the scenery]]
Gary Carvell: Here is a suggestion for the FlightGear Places to Fly page. I don't have any particular routes, just fly around and enjoy the gorgeous scenery.<BR/>
These three airports are in the same region of the very southern tip of Argentina. This area is a scenic wonderland - a maze of islands, mountains, and ocean channels. Hours of entertainment.<BR/>
SCGZ - Puerto Williams Guardiamarina Zanartu Airport, Chile Located on the north coast of Isla Navarino facing the Beagle Channel. At 55 deg S. longitude, Puerto Williams is considered the southernmost town in the world.<BR/>
SAWH - Ushuaia Islas Malvinas Airport
SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval Airport
Ushuaia, on the south coast of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, on the the Beagle Channel.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:Sawh-004.png|thumb|left|Approaching Ushumaia Malvinas Argentinas]]
[[Image:World-scgz.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -54.931072 Longitude: -67.626261]]

* [[SCGZ|SCGZ - Guardiamarina Zanartu]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SCGZ.pdf chart]
* [[SAWH|SAWH - Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWH.pdf chart]
* [[SAWO|SAWO - Ushuaia Est Aeronaval]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SAWO.pdf chart]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:Scgz-002.png|thumb|left|Just left the scgz airport]]
I personally like to fly this area in the [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]], it's a great sightseeing plane with the advantage that you can take off and land just about anywhere.
* [[Consolidated_Aircraft_PBY_Catalina|Catalina]]
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SCGZ --aircraft=Catalina
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Copacabana to San Rafael over Lake Titicaca==
Bolivia to Peru. This trip will lead you over one of the highest and deepest lakes in the world towards the highest airfield in the world. It a demonstration of a [[IFR]] flight towards a fix and a demonstration how accurate FlightGear simulates air density and the effects it has on aircraft.
[[File:Slcc-sprf.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Flight and fix SLCC to SPRF]]
Place your aircraft on the airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copacabana,_Bolivia SLCC, Copacabana], with an [[elevation]] of 12,592 feet. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

We will fly towards and land at SPRF. If you would enter SLCC and SPRF in [[Kelpie]] planner you probably would not be able to find SPRF. To find SPRF I am adding an additional VOR-DME station and for a good fix give you another VOR-DME. Try Kelpie planner to plan this route and compare with this suggestion.

Equipment preparation. Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliaca Juliaca] VOR-DME on 155.55 with a radial of 311° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to Arequipa VOR-DME on 113.7 with a radial of 212°. During our flight we will fly with [[true altitude]] as set with [[QNH]], keep QNH updated. Arm the autopilot with the [[heading bug]] at 311° and an initial altitude of 13,500 feet.

Take off and if you took the wrong RW pull up hard. Take a small tour over [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titicaca lake Titicaca], see the floating islands and try to find the lost golden treasure. Intercept the nearest radial on NAV1 towards Juliaca (about 311°).

Just before Juliaca is a hill so while on lake Titicaca increase altitude to 14,200 feet, the [[VFR]] part of this trip is over. After passing Juliaca set the radial of NAV1 to 352° and set the altitude to 17,422 feet. We will fly from NAV1 and slowly increase altitude.

At a distance of about 60 NM set the heading bug on the current course. Monitor the distance to NAV1, the radial of NAV2 and the distance to NAV2. At a distance of 74.5 NM to NAV1, a distance of 140.7 NM and at the '''radial''' intercept of NAV2 should be the runway. So, from 60 NM onwards, look outside the window, then at NAV1 and then NAV2 etc.

If you are at 80NM to NAV1 you have missed the airfield but you still won't hit any hills (unless you bank left). Bank right and set the heading bug to 172°. Fly back towards NAV1 and intercept the radial 352° at about 50NM again to repeat the search.

The runway SPRF, San Rafael, has a elevation of 14,422 feet and a heading of 297°/ 117°. Our initial altitude has been set 3,000NM above the RW elevation. That should give sufficient room for navigation.

After you have seen the airfield set the radial of NAV1 to 297°, the heading of the runway (not the course to the runway) as a visual aid. Land on RW 30 (and not on RW 12 unless you are a show-off). Oh, there is a small hill in front of RW 30, just so you know.

Decreasing speed at this altitude can be a bit tricky. The air is thin and does not give much resistance. Next to that, the difference between [[indicated airspeed]] and [[ground speed]] is very noticeable. The ground speed is much higher as the indicated airspeed.

After a successful landing, try to discover the origin of the Amazon river since we are now at the starting point of that trip.
* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_February_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter February 2012]].

==Origin of the Amazon River==
[[Image:SPRF-001.png|thumb|left|high altitude]]
[[Image:SPRF-002.png|thumb|right|high altitude]]
Peru. For this [[IFR]] tour (with [[VFR]] parts) we take off from the highest airfield in the world to discover the origin of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River Amazon river] in South America. I promise spectacular mountains and valleys. The total length of this trip is about 175 NM.

Place your aircraft on the airfield SPRF, San Rafael. FlightGear will show snow all around you but that is not very realistic so let's clean up. View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5,000M).

Equipment preparation: Set [[NAV1]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arequipa Arequipa] VOR-DME at 113.7 with a radial of 176° (magnetic). Set [[NAV2]] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cusco Cusco] VOR-DME at 114.9 also with a radial of 176°.
Set [[QNH]] and during flight keep correcting it, it's a bad idea to use [[Pressure altitude]] during this flight. Set the [[heading bug]] to 250°. Arm the [[autopilot]] and set the initial [[altitude]] to 16,000 feet.

The airfield SPRF, San Rafael has an [[elevation]] of 14,422 feet. That altitude will cause problems during take-off. It takes a lot longer for the aircraft to gain sufficient speed for take-off, also the take-off speed that is needed is higher as you would expect. Perhaps an additional notch of flaps is needed.

Take-off, avoid the bumps (there are plenty) and fly a course of 250°. After about 80 NM you will fly over the radial of NAV1. Intercept the radial towards Arequipa. At a distance of 75 NM towards NAV1 you will have to increase altitude to 19,000 feet.

At a distance of 50 NM towards NAV1 and 118 NM from NAV2 you will see and cross over the mountain [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_Mismi Nevado Mismi] with an altitude of 18,362 ft. The rains and water on the area to the right until Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Atlantic ocean through the Amazon river. Anything to the left and after Nevado Mismi will leave towards the Pacific ocean.

After Nevado Mismi you are tempted to descend. Don't. Just before the airfield is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chachani Mt.Chachani] with an altitude of 19,872 feet and to the East is the active volcano [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Misti El Misti] with an altitude of 19,101 feet. You can either increase the altitude and fly over the airfield or keep the altitude, even descend and fly between the mountains, your choice depends on the visibility.

Fly using the heading bug and set NAV1 to [[ILS]] 109.7 with a radial of 93.2°. We will land at airfield [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodr%C3%ADguez_Ball%C3%B3n_International_Airport SPQU, Rodriguez ballon], that has an elevation of 8,405 feet. There is a reason this airfield has just one ILS. The area South-West of the airfield is below 11,405 feet and is safe to navigate.

Position the aircraft in front of the runway at an altitude of 11,405 feet, catch the [[glidescope]] at a distance of 9.5 NM and land your aircraft. After landing and parking your aircraft crawl into the tower to look around.

Happy flying!

* October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published [[FlightGear_Newsletter_March_2012|Newsletter May 2012]].

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:SPQU-001.png|thumb|left|pre - landing]]
[[Image:World-SPRF.png|thumb|right|Latitude: -14.267 Longitude: -70.467]]
* [[SPRF|SPRF - San Rafael]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPRF.pdf chart]
* [[SPQU|SPQU - Rodriguez Ballon]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/SPQU.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/w020s80.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:SPQU-002.png|thumb|right|landed]]
I recomend a powerful jet angine airplane, but not too heavy !
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=SPRF --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Middle East=
==Israel to Jordan over the Dead Sea==
[[Image:LLBS-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LLBS-002.png|thumb|right|flat land]]
Dead Sea is the lowest water elevation on the Earth. Take off from the Beer-Sheva Teyman airport and head East-North-East. About half way there, after the southern Hebron mountains ridge, there'll be a sharp drop-off down to the Dead Sea --- the lowest exposed point on the Earth.<br/>
<br/>
It's really fun to descend and explore the beautiful coastline. In the real life, you wouldn't like to fly low over this water there of your own will --- while you don't need a life vest in the Dead Sea, the water is pretty caustic there for one's eyes. Once you're done marvelling the sights, continue on to the Queen Alia airport.
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LLBS-006.png|thumb|left|landing in the dead sea, notice the altitude !]]
[[Image:OJAI-007.png|thumb|right|landing at Queen Alia Intl.]]
[[Image:World-LLBS.png|thumb|right|Latitude: 31.29037800 Longitude: 34.71922500]]
* [[LLBS|LLBS - Teyman]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LLBS.pdf chart]
* [[OJAI|OJAI - Queen Alia Intl]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/OJAI.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: ftp://ftp.sunsite.org.uk/sites/ftp.flightgear.org/flightgear-ftp/Scenery/e030n30.tar.gz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
[[Image:LLBS-003.png|thumb|left|approaching the dead sea]]
[[Image:LLBS-004.png|thumb|right|there is also a minor airport]]
* [[Albatross]]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LLBS --aircraft=Albatross
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

=Europe=
==Edinburgh to Oban==
See article: [[Edinburgh to Oban]].

==Oban to Prestwick==
The west coast of Scotland offers some stunning scenery and a number of small airfields and airports to land at on both the mainland and the small islands the dot the coast. The distances between the various airfields are quite small, and some of the runways are on the short side, so STOL or GA aircraft are ideal. The tour suggested here follows part of a microlight trip I made this month, photos of which can be found [http://www.nanjika.co.uk/photos/gigha/ here].

Oban airport (EGEO) lies on the west coast of Scotland, and offers fuel (both AVGAS and AVTUR) and a North/South tarmac runway.

From Oban it is just a 10 minute flight west to the grass airfield of Glenforsa (EG45), on the north-east coast of the island of Mull. Due to the hills and water channel, this airfield often gets quite strange wind patterns - the weather can be perfect in Oban, but much gustier and windier at Glenforsa. At times the windsocks at either end of the runway can blow in completely opposite directions!

Some distance north of Oban lie the airfields of the Isle of Skye (EG57) and Plockton (EG81). This is an excellent place from which to explore the mountains of the Isle of Skye, known as the Cuilins.

Heading south from Oban, one can follow the coast to the island of Jura, with it's distinctive hills (The Paps of Jura). From Jura one can head south to the island of Islay with its numarous malt whisky distilleries (many of which are modelled in FG). Islay Airport (EGPI) has extensive runways. From Islay head north east to the tiny island of Gigha. Despite it's small size, it too has an airfield (EG44), though the FG version is tarmac rather than grass.

From Gigha head east over the Mull of Kintyre, to the hilly isle of Arran, then north east to the Isle of Bute. Both islands have very small grass airstrips, which are sadly not present in FG. From Bute you can head south east to Prestwick International (EGPK), famous for being the only place Elvis touched down in the UK, and a fine place to end our tour.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter July 2011]] by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]]

== Edinburgh to Dundee ==
Edinburgh Airport (EGPH) is located to the West of the city of Edinburgh and south of the Forth rail and road bridges. You'll need the w010n50 scenery and the latest set of objects from the scenery DB which include a number of models for the Edinburgh area.

From Edinburgh Airport, head north and circle the bridges, then follow the coast on the south eastwards past Edinburgh (watch out for the Castle!) and to East Lothian and Bass Rock - a volcanic plug in the sea that is host to thousands of sea-birds.

There are a number of sights in East Lothian, include a distillery.

If you wish to continue your tour, head back North, crossing the Firth of Forth to the Kingdom of Fife. Head approximated North West, tracking towards the Perth VOR (110.4). There is an airport here (Perth Scone, EGPT), but instead we will now track out on the 090 radial and pick up the ILS to Dundee Airport (108.10) landing beside the sea.
* September 2006 by [[User:Stuart|Stuart]].

==Austrian alps soaring==
Discover the Austrian alps with a glider. [[Pinzgauer Spaziergang]]

== Sightseeing the Alps in a C172 ==
This tour will guide you to many of the most famous mountains, valleys, glaciers, snowfields, winter and summer vacation areas, etc. in the European Alps. In addition there are several hints to visit nearby areas of interest. On the tour you will visit Switzerland, Italy and France.
See the detailed description in: http://www.emmerich-j.de/FGFS/Alp-flying.pdf (mirrored to https://beni.hallinger.org/fgfs.nobackup/Alp-Tour-Jomo/)
*February 2011 by [[User:Jomo|Jomo &dagger;]].;

* The scenic trip does take about 2 hours.
* Skyvector route: https://skyvector.com/?ll=46.464097146192884,7.159790050777061&chart=301&zoom=6&fpl=%20LSZC%204700N00836E%204647N00840E%204642N00836E%204637N00835E%204634N00823E%204634N00812E%204633N00809E%204634N00805E%204634N00801E%204631N00803E%204624N00746E%204619N00745E%204618N00753E%204614N00752E%204612N00749E%204609N00747E%204603N00746E%204601N00745E%204600N00738E%204555N00724E%204555N00712E%204553N00703E%204547N00652E%204549N00649E%204604N00634E%20LSGG

== Salzburg to Zell am See via Hallstatt ==
[[File:LOWS-LOGO-LOWZ.jpg|thumb|The route for Salzburg to Zell am See via Hallstatt]]
This flight will bring you around a very scenic region of the austrian alps.
* [https://skyvector.com/?ll=47.5666119817603,13.107925427128999&chart=301&zoom=3&fpl=N0100A040%20LOWS%204735N01311E%204736N01339E%204733N01340E%204733N01343E%204735N01343E%204738N01355E%204727N01357E%20LOWZ SkyVector route]
* Suggested plane: C172 or C182
* This is VFR only, so pick suitable weather. There are no usable navaids for this trip.
* Trip takes around 1 hr. air time at 120 KTAS.
* Fly at an altitude of about 4000ft or so (the entire trip can be done at that altitude safely).

* Start ''Salzburg (LOWS)''; follow the Autobahn in the valley to the southeast until you reach the fork at ''Golling''. To the south you see the Mountains of the ''Tennengebirge''.
* Alternatively (and I recommned that), you can also deviate sothwest around ''Mt. Untersberg'' (1972m, hosting germanys longest and deepest cave, the ''Riesending'') to visit lake ''Königsee'' and watch the peaks of the ''Steinernes Meer'' (the dominant and very famous ''Mt. Watzmann'', 2713m!) and north side of the ''Mt. Hochkönig''. You need to climb to at least 6200ft to cross the final ridge at the end of the lake valley. After crossing, descend to 4000ft, follow the valley and fly north at the next valley to rejoin the route.
* Turn east and follow the valley and hills, aim for a prominent V-shaped incision at the end. Fly through there and you suddenly break out at the lake ''Hallstätter See'', a fjord-like lake 125m deep.
* Follow the ''Hallstätter See'' to the south, on its western shore is the famous town of ''Hallstatt''. At the mountain to your right (north of Hallstatt) is a very old settlement dating back to the late bronce age (Hallstattzeit, c. 800–450 BC) and there was a very important Salt mine dating back to that time and important archeological grave findings.
Looking south you can see the ''Dachstein'' (2995 m), a high peak hosting the ''Hirlatzhöhle'', with 120km the twentiest longest and with 1560m sixth deepest cave of planet earth.
* Follow the valley east bend to ''Obertraun'', and then north over the ''Koppenpass'' and the town of ''Bad Aussee''.
* From ''Bad Aussee'', fly straight to the lakes ''Grundlsee'' and ''Toplitzsee'' (you can't see the latter yet).
* Between the two, turn southwards and aim for the reservoir lake ''Salza'' which is in the sharp incision you can see to the south.
* After passing the reservoir, you may try to get down to ''Niederoblarn'' (LOGO) to the southeast, it's a short airfield.
* From there, follow the railway in the valley of Enns westwards, LOWZ is about 20 minutes away. On your right side watch out for the other side of the ''Dachstein'' and the town of ''Schladming'', which lies down in the valley next the rocky hills with the river flowing trough. Look for the railway and the river Enns.
* Behind ''Schladming'' (south of Mt. ''Dachstein'', approximately halfway of the distance LOGO/LOWZ) the valley will widen a bit again, featuring a rocky mountain in the middle of the valley. Continue to follow the railway and river bending nortwest arond the small mountain.
* Near the bigger town of ''Radstadt'' the valley will open significantly. Follow west, heading for the next town ''Altenmark'' at the end of the opening.
* The railway will bend north at ''Altenmark'' and soon join the Autobahn A10/E55. This is the point we need to go southwest and follow the next valley.
* The valley leads us westward to the Town of ''St. Johann/Pongau''. probably around the middle of the valley you can spot the prominent ''Mt. Hochkönig'' (2941m) northwest of ''St. Johann'' and the ''Tennengebirge'' to its right.
* Once reaching ''St. Johann'', continue to follow the next big valley west-southwest.
* After about 16 miles you will reach ''Zell am See'' (LOWZ) where we will land after around one hour flight time in total. Beware this is a short field.

== Zell am See to Innsbruck via Mt. Venediger ==
[[File:LOWZ-LOWI.jpg|thumb|The route for Zell am See to Innsbruck]]
This flight will bring you to two of the core peaks of the Alpenhauptkamm.
* [https://skyvector.com/?ll=47.201656734623775,12.160079968084839&chart=301&zoom=3&fpl=N0100A120%20LOWZ%20LOWZ%204708N01241E%204708N01221E%204706N01214E%204710N01152E%204724N01150E%20LOWI SkyVector route]
* Suggested plane: C172 or C182
* This is VFR only, so pick suitable weather. There are no usable navaids for this trip.
* Trip takes around 45 minutes air time at 110 KTAS.
* Climb to at an altitude of about 10000ft or so after starting from [[:File:Lowz-parking.jpg|Zell am See]].

* After starting fly into the valley southwest over the town of ''Kaprun''. Maybe you need to circle a bit to gain altitude, near the mountains we need at least about 10000ft!
* Follow the valley until you overfly two lakes (''Stausee Wasserfallboden'' and ''Moorboden''). To your left you can see ''Mt. Großes Wiesbachhorn'' (3564m).
* The end of the valley goes over into a flank of the ''Großglockner'' which is near to the south. Follow the west bend of the valley end and fly over the lakes ''Tauernmoossee'' and ''Weißsee''. After you climb out of the valley, you already should see the peak of ''Mt. Venediger'' on the front left. Aim to the saddle right of its peak.
* You then fly that direction over several valleys that go from south to north, until you hit the very big valley that bend from south to west. The ridgeline right of that valley is the border between the Austrian states Tirol and Salzburg. Follow the valley up to the ''Venediger'', passing the ''Mt. Sandebentörl'' (2751m), still aiming for the saddle.
* Shortly after you reach the end of the valley and need to overfly the saddle with the glacier ''Venedigerkees'' behind it. The ridgeline is again the border between Tirol and Salzburg. Directly south of the ''Venedigerkees'' is the pyramid of ''Mt. Venediger''.
* Follow ''Venedigers'' ridge to the southwest, skip the first valley and overfly the next ridge.
* From here you can deviate into the valley north and visit the ''Krimmler Wasserfälle'', and from there west trough the main valley.
* If you instead follow the planned route westwards, aim to the peak of ''Mt. Zillerplattenspitze'' (3148m) with the small lake ''Eissee'' to its south flank which you should already see. This is a little hard to get right, but don't fly directly into the big valley but aim right to the second row mountain peaks at about 280 heading.
* Overfly the ridge with ''Eissee'' and follow the valley from there nothwest with the reservoir ''Zillergründl'' and ''Mt. Reichenspitze'' (3303m) to its right; until you reach the town ''Mayrhofen'' where the current valley meets the ''Zillertal'' valley. You also should start to descend now to about 3500ft with a rate of roughly -1000fpm.
* From ''Mayrhofen'' follow the ''Zillertal'' valley north and when reaching the ''Inntal'' valley near the town ''Jenbach'', Innsbruck Airport is a few minutes to the west. If you like, you can divert north at ''Jenbach'' to visit ''Achensee'', and even continue further north to land at Munich via lake ''Tegernsee'' or via the Isartal over ''Bad Tölz''.

== Crossing the alps ==
[[File:ED02-LIPB.jpg|thumb|The route for Fuessen to Bolzano]]
This trip brings us from germany via austria to italy, crossing the alps, visiting the famous castle Neuschwanstein and Mt. Zugspitze, germanys highest peak.
* [https://skyvector.com/?ll=47.068251080980836,10.959411633048108&chart=301&zoom=5&fpl=N01204735N01041E%204734N01045E%204729N01042E%204726N01046E%204724N01054E%204712N01054E%204704N01058E%204656N01103E%204655N01106E%204653N01109E%204650N01110E%204648N01113E%204638N01110E%20LIPB SkyVector route]
* Suggested plane: C172 or C182
* This is VFR only, so pick suitable weather and time (I suggest to start with the first light/sunrise).
* There are no helpful navaids for this trip, but Bolzano NDB: 362 BZO may serve as a final guidance.
* Trip takes around 45 minutes air time at 120 KTAS.

* Start at ED02 Fuessen, climb to about 3000 and head southeast to visit castle Neuschwanstein, south of the Forgensee.
* After looking at the castle (challenge: fly close around behind it), we start climbing to 3500 and aim southwestish and cross over from germany to austria.
* Fly into the big valley directing south. East of Reutte start climbing 500fpm to 6000 and follow the railway in the valley to the southeast.
* Once the valley opens significantly, you can see the famous mountain Zugspitze (germanys highest peak, 2962 m) to the front.
* Head southwards around the Mt. Gartnerwand over town Ehrwald and fly between the two small peaks over the Marienbergjoch mountain pass, 1789m/5870ft (between Mt. Wanning and Mt. Marienberg; challenge: who can make it with the least altitude?).

* After overflying the second mountain, to the south comes a new valley called Ötzal where you fly into.
* Follow that valley all the way to the south and slowly climb to at least 8600 now (300fpm or so). Note overflying Längenfelden, where the dominant valley joins from the east with the river Fischbach, halfaway the leg; this looks similar to the end, but isn't.
* Follow the valley until it starts to branch in all different directions at the end (over the town of Sölden and Zwieselstein).
* We follow the Southeast main branch and then turn quickly to a smaller valley branching off directly eastwards (look for the mountain pass road).
* That brings us to the mountain pass of the Timmelsjoch and is the place where we cross over to Italy.

* After passing, we can descend to 2500 or so, following the terrain. Follow the valley and its river "Passer" southeast, and follow its bend to the south.
* Follow the valley and make a nice turn around Mt. Kolbenspitze's east ridge, over San Leonardo, still following the Passer river now southwards.
* Where the valley hits the next big valley "Etschtal", is a bigger famous city called Merano. From there we follow the River Etsch and the Autobahn (highway) to the south and are soon approaching the somewhat hidden airport of Bolzano (LIPB) after an estimated time of somewhat under one hour at 120 knots.

From here you can also continue more to the south to Trento (LIDT, total FT ~1:00) or Verona (LIPX, total FT ~1:20) - just follow the river Etsch to the south! Venezia is also not far away, just ~30 minutes/62nm to the east of Verona.

==Grenoble Le-Versoud==

[[Image:LFLG.jpg|800px]]

France : '''LFLG''' ( Grenoble Le-Versoud ) airport : border of Alps
*P.A.F. home base [http://equipe-flightgear.forumactif.com/ link]
*Scenery : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/flightgearfrance_05062011.tar.gz
*Texture : http://clemaez.fr/flightgear/pattentextures_maj24082011.tar.gz

* Take-off from Grenoble le Versoud (LFLG). Head south following the general direction of the Alps. Bearing left (East) will take you into high alpine territory, while towards the West lie the plains of the Rhône valley. Once you reach the Mediterranean coast, follow it to land in Marseilles (LFML), Nice (LFMN), or another smaller airport serving the French Riviera.
*Published in [[Custom France Scenery]].

==Gulf of Finland sightseeing tour==
Take a VFR sightseeing tour over the Gulf of Finland from Helsinki to Tallinn! Estonia's landmarks are all recent additions, while Helsinki was one of the first cities to have original models in the scenery model database.

Take off from the smaller EFHF airfield in Helsinki, or try your luck fighting the virtual traffic at Vantaa, and head toward the port of Helsinki. Look for the Hartwall Arena, the Pasila tower, the railway station and the Olympic Stadium along the way. Make your way out over the Gulf flying just west of south - a heading of 190 should set you up nicely for a sightseeing tour of Tallinn. Try to come in from the west and do a sweeping left turn over the capital of Estonia, looking out for the Swissotel, Olympic Hotel, the Television tower, and other important landmarks in the capital city of Estonia. Make sure you look out for St. Olaf's Church, the tallest building in the capital city. Make your way over the Ulemiste Jarv (lake) to land on runway 09 at Tallinn's main airport.

If you desire, you can do a touch-and-go at Tallinn and set your course southeastward, landing at Tartu Airport, which is also modelled in FlightGear.

The distance between Helsinki and Tallinn is about 50 miles or 80 kilometres, while Tartu is twice the distance from Tallinn at 100 miles/160 kilometres. Fly a heading of 135 to get to Tartu from Tallinn.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter October 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

==Azores==
[[Image:LPLA-001.png|thumb|left|take off]]
[[Image:LPLA-002.png|thumb|right|approaching island]]
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores Azores], set in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, has had many names. Fortunate Isles, the Blue Islands, the Islands of Tin and Silver, the Islands of the Seven Cities. We can add, the Islands of Amazing Sights and Flights.

Our flight is to celebrate the amazing views FlightGear can give us.

Start your plane at [[Lajes Field]] (LPLA). This once was an emergency landing site for the [[Space Shuttle]] so you will have plenty of room to take off.
We will have to fly an odd pattern. The reason for that: if you don't fly too high (stick around 3000 while you can) you will have some amazing views.

Next, fly towards and over LPPD. Look out the window and enjoy the view. Then head out towards LPHR. If you feel LPHR coming near, look out the window good, you might have to pull your plane up.

Happy flying!
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter August 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]

===Airports and coordinates===
[[Image:LPPD-001.png|thumb|left|over the island]]
[[Image:LPPD-002.png|thumb|right|landing]]

* [[LPLA|LPLA - Lajes Field]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPLA.pdf chart]
* [[LPPD|LPPD - Ponta del gada]] - [http://assistenza.larasrl.net/brisa/fgfs/suggested_flights/LPPD.pdf chart]

required scenery tile: http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/flightgear/ftp/Scenery-v2.4.0/w020n30.tgz
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Cessna 550 Citation II]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LPLA --aircraft=Citation-II
<div style="clear:both;"></div>

== Canary Islands Trip ==

An archipelago in the middle of the Atlantic sea, stunning beauty where you won't expect it. Seven islands, seven continents, thats what the canarian people say. And it's true, you will face seven totally different islands and nine different airports.
Take off from the largest one, GCLP, at the main island Gran Canaria. Leave the beautiful island heading to the west, and land at GCTS, the southern airport at Tenerife. Enjoy the view on Spains highest mountain, the glaciered Teide, when flying to La Gomera (GCGM), one of the greenest islands there. Master the short runway, and enjoy the view, before taking the challenge and approach El Hierro (GCHI). A short runway, with cliffs and rocks on both ends will cause you to sweat. From this island, which was claimed to be the western end of the world in medieval times, you'll turn to the beautiful and wild island of La Palma (GCLA). The next approach will be historical, because you are approaching the notorious Tenerife North (GCXO). Yes, I am serious, you will face that airport, where the worst civil plane crash ever took place. But you needn't worry, if you got that far, you will do this approach as easy as any other. The longest flight on your trip will take you to the eastern island, Lanzarote (GCRR). Take a look at the volcanic-red mountains, the vineyards, and the beaches. You want more beaches?? Depart to the south-west, fly over the small island of Los Lobos, and land in the holiday-paradise Fuerteventura. Enjoy dunes, bays, and very nice long beaches, before you finally touch down in Fuerteventura (GCFV). You want to stay? Okay, let's taxi to a parking position, and cut off the engines. If you still want more, fly back to Gran Canaria's GCLP, where we started our trip.

Custom scenery: [[Canary Islands Custom Scenery]] / direct source: https://github.com/D-ECHO/Canarys

=== Suggested Aircraft ===

* small civil aircraft, such as the Cessna Skylane, Skyhawk, or Citation
* small airliners, like the Q400, the ATR72, the CRJ200, or similar

Route by Flycanarias

<gallery>

</gallery>

==Gibraltar==
''This flight suggestion has originally been published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2011]] by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]''

Traffic lights turn red, gates are closed. The only busy main road to the peninsula is closed and all the cars and trucks are waiting patiently. Waiting for a train to pass? No. Waiting for a plane to pass since the main road crosses a busy runway.

On both sides water and being crossed by a busy main road can only be one runway: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibraltar_Airport Gibraltar airport]!

One would expect an ILS installed on such a tricky runway but no, you will have to guess where it is and how far away it is. Not even an ADF points to it.

Take off from LEMG (Malaga). Go South-West and find the runway of LXGB somewhere to the right of the rock. '''Happy guessing!'''
===Airports===
*'''Departure Airport:''' Málaga/Costa del Sol (LEMG) - [https://aip.enaire.es/AIP/#LEMG Charts (AIP España)]
*'''Destination Airport:''' Gibraltar (LXGB) - [https://www.aidu.mod.uk/aip/pdf/ad/LXGB-Gibraltar-Combined.pdf Charts (UK MIL AIP)]
*'''Required scenery tile:''' w010n30

=== Gallery ===
<gallery mode="packed" widths="200px">
File:LEMG-010.png|Take-Off at Malaga Airport, Costa del Sol
File:LEMG-011.png|Just after departure from Malaga (LEMG)
File:LEMG-013.png|Look for the Gibraltar Rock appearing in the distance
File:LEMG-015.png|On Approach to Gibraltar Airport (LXGB)
</gallery>

===Suggested aircraft===
* [[Piper Aerostar]]

===FlightGear launching===
fgfs --airport=LEMG --aircraft=aerostar700 --adf1=300 --nav1=300:117.80
=Asia=
==Khorog, Tajikistan==
[[File:Fw190HinduKush.jpeg|left|thumb|Approaching a bank of snow-covered mountains in the south of the Hindu Kush]]
Surrounded by spectacular mountains and nestled in the end of a valley, Khorog Airfield (UT1C) makes an interesting place to land. It can only be approached by flying down the curved valley that snakes in from the North. Flying from here to OPCH (Chitral, Pakistan) at around 500ft AGL all the way is a wonderful way to explore the Hindu Kush mountains.

If you bring a piston engined aircraft, be prepared to adjust the mixture as you climb - at the highest point in the flight, you will be at around 22000ft. Also, don't forget to carry plenty of fuel - there are very few airfields in the Hindu Kush that exist in FlightGear. This is a scenery bug that will hopefully be fixed in the future.

*October 2011 by [[User:Armchair Ace| Armchair Ace]], published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_January_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter January 2012]].
<br>
<br>
<br>
== Central Karakoram range ==
Let's explore one of the highest regions of the planet - the central Karakoram with the densest concentration of mountains of 8000 m and above. We're going to need a good climbing performance for the trip - even the frozen plateau of Baltoro glacier, above which K2 and Gasherbrum V and VI loom, is more than 13,000 ft high.

[[File:Karakoram1.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Circling Gasherbrum I]]

Take off from Skardu airport in Pakistan (OPSD). Skardu has a reasonably long (11,944 ft) runway at just 7,316 ft elevation, so you can take a jet, but for instance the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|Twin Otter]] is more stylish.

South of Skardu lies Deosai park, a famous high plateau, but we turn initially east. There's a chain of lakes which is the Indus river. After about five miles, the Shigar river merges with the Indus. Turn slightly left and follow the Shigar, then follow it into a long and broad lake-filled valley stretching into north-western direction.

Towards the end of the lake, a small tributary river, the Braldu, turns eastward out of the main valley. Follow the Braldu and start climbing (if you haven't done so yet). About 15 miles after turning into the Braldu river valley, two glacier-filled valleys stretch to the north - admire the view!

[[File:Karakoram2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Heading back into Skardu, Nanga Parbat on the horizon]]

Passing a few lakes, you reach finally Baltoro glacier continuing the river valley stretching eastward. Ever climbing, follow the glacier till you reach some kind of T-junction. The glacier arm reaching north leads to K2 (which sadly isn't really there in Flightgear), but just ahead of you are the still rather impressive peaks of Gasherbrum V, VI and I - circle the range and make some pictures!

A good way back to Skardu is to go about 10 miles sourth from the Gasherbrum peaks, then head due west. To your west, you can see the long valleys fall away from the high ranges, to your right is the still glacier-covered high Karakoram. On a clear day (really good visibility selected) you can see the distinctive peak of Nanga Parbat appearing straight ahead on the horizon. The valley of Skardu is quite a distinctive feature and finding back VFR should not be a problem.

Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_April_2012#Suggested_flights| Newsletter April 2012]] by [[User:Thosten|Thosten]].

== The Paro Challenge ==
[[File:The Paro Challenge route.png|thumb|The route to follow in the maze of valleys between Hashimara Air Base (VE44) and Paro airport (VQPR). Created using OpenStreetMap and the Open Topo layer.]]
The challenge consists in flying as fast and as low as possible from Hashimara (VE44) to Paro (VQPR) while navigating a maze of valleys, steep climbs and sharp turns with only one VOR-DME beacon to guide you (it sits on a mountaintop south of Paro airport). You cannot fly on instruments; this is a 100% visual flight.

Spawn at VE44 (Hashimara Air Force Station). Take off in any direction then turn immediately to heading 013 while staying low. You will see the Himalayas appear on the horizon. Follow the valley as it turns 90° left then make a sharp U-turn (180°) to the right. Fly over the bridge, then U-turn left again (160°). Follow the valley and do another U-turn to the right. Take a deep breath for a couple of nautical miles. Climb to 8500ft while heading 080 to pass over the mountain range. Turn slightly to your right (heading 100) and do a steep dive to 4000ft into the valley. Turn left into the second valley (heading 010), which you will need to follow all the way to Paro airport (VQPR), while climbing slowly to the airport elevation of 7500ft. On the way to Paro, you will pass a monastery on your left. If you don't see this monastery, you've lost yourself in the maze; good luck! After this monastery, follow the valley to the left (heading 290), which will force you to turn right after a few nautical miles. The runway will be hidden behind a hill. You can pass over the hill (steep dive on the other side) or fly to the right of it (steep S-turns), your choice.

=== Suggested aircraft ===
The Paro Challenge is a challenge for most aircraft and most pilots. You will probably not succeed on your first attempt; and successive attempts with various aircraft will renew the challenge.

===== Easy =====
[[Cessna 550 Citation II]], [[Pilatus PC-6 Porter|Pilatus PC-6]], [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|De Havilland Canada DHC-6]], [[Zivko Edge 540]].

[[De Havilland Mosquito]], Messerschmitt Bf109G, [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning]].

==== Challenging ====
[[Piper PA34-200T Seneca II|Piper Seneca II]], [[Cessna 337G Skymaster|Cessna 337]], [[Antonov An-2]]: keep an eye on your Exhaust Gas Temperature and Cylinder Head Temperature. If you can't lean your mixture, you lose.

Cessna 172, PA-28 or DR-400 with 180hp engines and a light load; [[Cessna 182S]]; Cap 10b. Slower than the above and will require just as much concentration from you, for a longer time.

[[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15|MiG-15]], [[North American F-86 Sabre|F-86F Sabre]], [[Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II|A-10 Warthog]]: make high-speed, steep turns while finding your way. Don't black out!

==== Difficult ====
[[JT-5B|JT-5B autogyro]], [[Piper J3 Cub|Piper Super Cub 150hp]]: the Paro challenge takes well over an hour of intense concentration in these unstable aircraft.

Cessna 172, PA-28 or DR-400 with low-power (160hp) engines. You will need to circle several times in the valley during the climb. If you can't lean your mixture, you lose.

[[Boeing 707]], [[Boeing 757-200|757]], [[Tupolev Tu-154B|Tupolev 154]], [[Lockheed Constellation]] if lightly loaded; [[Cessna Citation X]]: Finding your way in these faster aircraft is a challenge. The U-turns before the steep climb are almost impossible without taking shortcuts. The final approach without seeing the runway requires you to control your speed, flaps and landing gear well in advance.

==== Impossible (but you might try to beat them anyway) ====
[[Piper J3 Cub|Piper Cub 65hp]] (cannot climb over 7000ft when fully loaded).

[[Boeing 737-300]] (poor low-speed handling), [[Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner|787]] (bank limiter).

[[Dassault Mirage 2000-5|Mirage 2000]], [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat|F-14B]], [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle|F-15C]], [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]: will either stall or black you out during the sharp turns.

=Africa=
==Ngorngoro==
For this [[VFR]] trip we need a strong machine since we will go up from 4000 to about 10,000 feet and since we are in Africa, Tanzania , what better choice is there as the Cessna 208 Caravan, on wheels. We will take off from HTLM, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Manyara Lake Manyara], runway 12 (124.5 deg), that has an elevation of 4150 feet. Hit Shift-B so we don't drop off the runway.
[[File:Map Ngorngoro Crater.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Heightmap with visual reference points]]
We will have to change some settings before we take off. There is no snow where we are so: View=> Rendering Options=> Snow line=> Set to max. (5000M). We need a reasonable clear sky since there are quite a few bumps we could hit: Environment=> Global weather=> METAR source=> Fair weather.

Give full throttle and take off. Bank left and make a full circle so we gain some altitude and make a mental note of the airstrip, since this is the only one nearby. Look at the road West towards the airfield.
You will notice that the airstrip is at the edge of a mountain ridge, the lake to the East is quite a lot lower.

We pass over the airstrip towards lake Manyara and turn left keeping the mountains close to our left side, on an initial course of about 30 deg. We keep the mountains to our left and follow our path, our heading will slowly go from 30 to North and takes about 15 mins. During our path we should slowly gain altitude.
[[File:Ol Doinyo Lengai.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt.Kerimasi (left), Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai (ahead)]]
On the '''image''' we see two distinct mountains. The nearest is Mt.Kerimasi, a fun place for hang-gliders, and North Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active volcano. We are heading straight towards [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Doinyo_Lengai Mt.Ol Doinyo Lengai]. Just before we would collide we take a sharp left turn heading 225. You will see why we need the altitude now.

The mountain ahead, [http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00161.html#id03702 Mt.Embagai], we see does not appear to be anything spectacular. Aim towards it since we have to go over it.
Coming nearer, if you are high enough, 9000 feet, you will see why this mountain is well worth a visit. It is a crater with a lake inside, lake Embagai (Empakaai). Enter the crater and look around, careful not to loose any height since we'll have to get out again, we need about 10 000 feet. Mesmerized we grab our compass and take a course of 225 again. To get out we might skim against a cloud, be careful. If you don't see a way out take a turn again to wait for the clouds to move out of sight.

After you managed to get out of the crater keep on the course of 225 while descending slowly for about 9 mins. There are some bumps to avoid, like Mt.Olmoti we keep to the right and Mt.Losirua on the left.

After a small hill we enter one of the most amazing places in Africa, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area Ngorngoro Crater], the second biggest crater in the world. A micro climate and amazing wildlife.
Examine the crater and you will notice two lakes, head towards the biggest lake, lake Magadi. When you are above it take a course of 123 to get out of the crater.

After leaving the crater it takes some time before we are near the airstrip again. After about 5 mins we will see a river (left) and a road (right). Follow the road since it will lead us to the airstrip again.

Don't scare the wildebeast!

Notecard:
<tt>
#Fair weather, no snow
#HTLM RW 12 4150 feet
#Course 30 to 0 deg 15 mins, mountains close left
#Head towards /\volcano
#Sharp left turn course 225 deg altitude 9000 feet
#Volcano, lake, 10 000 feet
#Course 225 deg, slow descend 9 min
#Large lake, course 123 deg 5 mins
#River left, road right. Follow road
#Landing 124.5 deg 4150 feet.</tt>

*October 2011 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]]. Published in [[FlightGear_Newsletter_December_2011#Suggested_flights | Newsletter December 2011]].
==Kisimayu to Kilimanjaro==
We have to take a big airliner for this trip. The runways are long enough but for this trip we need some altitude and a slow descend.

We park our Big Bird at HCMK, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismayo_Airport Kisimayu], Somalia, near the East coast of Africa. It's unsure what this airfield is used for but it's a long piece of tarmac. I could not find regular flights to and from this airfield, not so strange, there is no lighting, no radio beacons and... no fuel. What you can find is Global Air Rescue that has an air ambulance service based here (with a [http://www.globalairrescue.com/learjet-35.php Learjet 35]).

Our route will be around 425 nm in length. You know your aircraft and know what altitude you will need to fly.

Our destination, HTKJ, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilimanjaro_International_Airport Kilimanjaro], Tanzania, has only one ILS and I have learned, if an airfield has only one ILS there is probably a reason.

Flight Plan (short version):
#HCMK Kisimayu, length 12,177 ft, no navaids near.
#GAR Garissa [[VOR-DME]] freq 115.7 heading 268° dist 169 nm.
#KB Kilimanjaro [[NDB]] freq 393.0 heading 224° dist 258 nm, here is the holding pattern for the Kilimanjaro runway (and there is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Kilimanjaro 19,000 ft] reason for this detour).
#KV Kilimanjaro VOR-DME freq 115.3 heading 70° dist 26 nm.
#HTKJ Kilimanjaro [[ILS]] freq 110.9 runway heading 88° elev 2,900 ft [[AMSL]] length 11,807 ft.

Prepare your flight well to receive amazing views of the landscape during the final steps of the route, if you don't you will discover why some pilots call Kilimanjaro Kill-You-Manjaro.

{{#ev:youtube | KCJi_ZaR8ec}}
Youtube video: Kilimanjaro approach in real, in FG not much different.

*February 2012 by [[User:PH-JBO|PH-JBO]].

=Australia and Oceania=

==Hawai'i==
[[Image:Maui03.jpg|thumb|250px]]
Do you use [[TerraSync]]? If so, try a flight around Hawaii! Take off from PHNL in a light aircraft and head west until you hit Pearl Harbor; a right turn north will take you post the USS Arizona Memorial, and the Punchbowl Crater will be to your right. Or, fly east from PHNL past volcanic craters Diamond Head and Koko Head. If you follow the O'ahu coastline north from Koko Head, you can land at either old World War II airbase Bellows Field (now a wildlife reserve in real life) or at Keahole MCAS.

For a potentially more scenic route, fly east toward Molokai, and stay to the north (left) of the island. The northern part of Molokai features huge sea cliffs and a tiny airstrip on the Kalaupapa peninsula - the peninsula being the only respite from the cliffs. A former leper colony existed near the airstrip!

Also of interest are the volcanoes on Maui and the 'Big Island' of Hawai'i - flying VFR in a small plane from PHTO to PHKO over the plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa can be a challenge, as you have to take off from sea level, fly through a pass of 6500 feet, and then drop back down to sea level to land! The Hana coast of northern Maui is also a nice flight - a circumnavigation of Haleakala, starting and ending at PHOG, is quite a nice flight.

The islands will be available through the download center with the next major scenery release, but for now, fire up [[TerraSync]] and your favorite VFR aircraft and have a blast.
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter September 2010]] by [[User:Statto|Statto]].

== Hawai'i waterfalls tour ==
This flight will let you discover some of the famous Hawai'ian waterfalls, visiting the Islands of Kauai and Oahu.
{{note| Despite the scenery is very nice, the waterfalls are mostly not modeled (as of 5/2024)}}

* [https://skyvector.com/?ll=21.82733715471215,-158.96200561400335&chart=301&zoom=5&fpl=%20PHBK%202211N15938W%202206N15930W%202204N15925W%20LIH%202135N15817W%202138N15802W%202120N15746W%202116N15748W%20PHNL SkyVector route]
* Suggested plane: C172 or C182
* This is VFR only, so pick suitable weather. There are no usable navaids for this trip except the VORTAC LIH 113.500 to cross the sea.
* Trip takes around 90 minutes air time at 110 KTAS.

First part of the trip:
* Start at Parking sands (PHBK), runway 34
* Takeoff, climb to 5000ft and follow the northern coast at about a heading of 030° until you reach Crawlers Ledge (about 8 minutes flight time).
* Turn southeast into the very dominant embayment and watch out for Hanakoa Falls, our first waterfall to visit.
* To your left should be a very dominant valley behind the ridge, featuring a river. Now climb to 6000ft and follow that valley southeastish and visit the famous Weeping wall waterfalls behind the ridge at the end of the valley.
* Bank left slightly (~100° heading), descend to 3000 ft and aim for Wailua waterfalls at the south side of the small hill near the coast (between the two towns).

This concludes the islands waterfalls after about 20 minutes flight.

Now either land at Lihue Airport (PHLI) to your right for a break, or continue the trip and intercept VORTAC LIH 113.500 radial 99/TO. Follow the radial to cross the Kauai Channel until you reach the tip of Oahu Island (the crossing of 63NM takes about 30 minutes at 120 knots. You may also opt to skip and start at PHDH).

* Follow overfly Kawaihapai Airfield (PHDH) and follow the northern coast.
* Shortly you will ovefly a prominent bend from east to nothertheast in the coast, still follow the coast. Note the windfarm appearing to your right ahead.
* Over Waimea (just before the very visible sand beach), turn right and fly to the inland behind (north of) the windfarm. Shortly after passing the wind turbines, look out for Waimea waterfalls.
* Follow the mountains to the southeast of the island and slowly climb to 4000ft (the left side is more rough and scenic).
* North of Diamond Head (a big crater at the south tip of the island) there are several waterfalls (roughly in the middle between Diamond head in the south and Kaneohe in the north), as well as very nice streams coming down the ridge. Also the north side of the ridge is very nice, so consider doing a circle over there.
* Continue south over Diamond head and proceed to land at Honolulu airport (PHNL).

This concludes the trip after about 1:30 hours.

==Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport==
Going from Brisbane International Airport to Sydney International Airport. You should have a heading of about 203. Might take sometime to arrive to this section. Maybe 10-30 mins into the flight. Can't really say but don't give up, you will eventually reach this section of the flight. '''''Your eyes will be rewarded!''''' .

[[Image:Fgfs-screen-020.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-016.png|200px]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-012.png|200px]]
*Published in [[FlightGear Newsletter April 2011]] by [[User:Vin|Vin]]

=Antarctica=

{{Suggested}}

[[Category:Lists]]

Robin DR400 Ecoflyer

2024-08-06T11:23:43Z

D-ECHO: /* Autopilot */ Tutorial, better description

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
The '''Robin DR400-135cdi Ecoflyer''' is a single-engine four-seater aircraft built by the French company [[:Category:Robin Aircraft|Robin Aircraft]]. This variant of the DR400 family features a diesel engine built by Thielert/Continental and was one of the first general aviation aircraft to have a diesel engine instead of the conventional AVGAS engines. This means that the aircraft can fly using automotive-grade diesel fuel or JET-A1 fuel as typically used in commercial aviation.

The FlightGear simulation of this aircraft was created using references, measurements and photos from a real DR400-135cdi aircraft, D-EAJZ.

== Autopilot ==
The aircraft includes a simulation of the S-TEC Thirty autopilot which is controlled using two switches, two buttons on the control stick (currently not modelled) and the turn coordinator.

The autopilot is simulated to work in detail like the real thing described in the [https://genesys-aerosystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/System-Twenty_Thirty_-ThirtyALT.pdf manual available online].

=== Available Modes<ref>[https://genesys-aerosystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/System-Twenty_Thirty_-ThirtyALT.pdf Autopilot Manual, p. 1-3]</ref> ===

==== Lateral (Roll) ====

* '''ST:''' Stabilizer Mode: Hold Wings Level
* '''HD:''' Heading Mode: Turn to and Hold Heading (as selected on the directional gyro, to the right of the Turn Coordinator/Roll Computer)
* '''TRK:''' Track a Navigation beacon
** '''TRK LO:''' Track using small corrections, typically for following a '''VOR'''
** '''TRK HI:''' Track using larger corrections, typically for following a '''LOC'''

==== Vertical (Pitch) ====
There is only one pitch mode available, altitude hold ('''ALT'''). It holds the altitude that it is engaged at. This is accomplished by holding the absolute pressure as measured by its own altitude transducer connected to the aircraft's static pressure line.

=== Tutorial ===
'''Please note:''' The following tutorial assumes that you're in stable flight, the engine and avionics are switched on and without malfunction.
[[File:DR400-Ecoflyer Autopilot Control Elements.jpg|alt=Control Elements for the S-TEC Thirty Autopilot System|frameless|800x800px]]

==== Switching on the Autopilot ====

# Switch on the Autopilot Master Switch
# The autopilot performs a self-test. Wait until the test is done, indicated by the green "RDY" (Ready) light on the Turn Coordinator.
# Use the Mode Button to select one of the lateral (roll) modes.
# (Optionally) Engage the Altitude Hold mode by pressing the 'makeshift' altitude click spot next to the the altitude indicator light (use Ctrl-c to spot it).

==== Trim Functionality ====
The autopilot is '''not connected''' to the aircraft's elevator trim, but can generate commands to the pilot to trim the aircraft up or down in order to relieve load from the pitch servos and improve aerodynamics. To use this functionality, switch on the '''Trim Switch''' next to the Autopilot Master Switch and engage the Altitude Hold mode. When the autopilot detects an out-of-trim condition, the '''TRIM UP''' or '''TRIM DN''' indicator lights will illuminate. Trim the aircraft to the commanded direction using the elevator trim wheel until the indicator light extinguishes.

== External Links ==
* [https://www.vliegclubseppe.nl/bestanden/2016-poh-robins.pdf Pilot's Operating Handbook Supplement] (for Continental CD-135 engine)
* [https://mfgo.ch/wp-content/uploads/HB-KLM_AFM.pdf DR400-140B Pilot's Operating Handbook] ''[broken link as of 08/2024]''
* [http://www.tmg-service.de/doc-download/manuals/OM-02-02_4-6_EASA_Version.pdf Engine Operating Manual] (CD-135 and CD-155)
* [https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TCDS_P094_issue03_20150319_1.0.pdf Propeller Type-Certificate Data Sheet]
* [http://www.tmg-service.de/doc-download/manuals/AMM-60-02_1-5s.pdf Airplane Maintenance Manual Supplement] (for Continental CD-135 engine)
* [https://genesys-aerosystems.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/System-Twenty_Thirty_-ThirtyALT.pdf S-TEC Thirty Autopilot Manual]

File:DR400-Ecoflyer Autopilot Control Elements.jpg

2024-08-06T11:06:00Z

D-ECHO: Uploaded own work with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=This image provides an overview of the control elements available for the S-TEC Thirty autopilot installed in the DR400-135cdi Ecoflyer}}
|date=2024-08-06
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Robin DR400 cockpit detail screenshots]]

Robin DR400 Ecoflyer/info

2024-08-05T12:52:10Z

D-ECHO: common manufacturer name

<includeonly>{{infobox aircraft
| name = Robin DR400-135cdi Ecoflyer
| hangar = fgaddon
| aircraft = DR400-Ecoflyer
| image = Robin DR400 Ecoflyer Exterior.jpg
| type = Civil utility aircraft/Civil trainer aircraft
| config = Low wing aircraft
| propulsion = Piston aircraft/Single-engine aircraft
| manufacturer = robin
| authors = Bea Wolf (D-ECHO)/PAF Team/Guillaume CHAUVAT/Daniel DUBREUIL/Laurent HAYVEL/Christian THIRIOT/Emmanuel BARANGER
| fdm = JSBSim
| fgname = dr400-135cdi
| status-fdm = 3
| status-systems = 4
| status-cockpit = 3
| status-model = 3
| navbar = 1
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[Robin DR400 Ecoflyer]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

Robin DR400/info

2024-08-05T12:51:50Z

D-ECHO: common manufacturer name (2)

<includeonly>{{infobox aircraft
| name = Robin DR400
| hangar = fgaddon
| aircraft = DR400
| image = dr400.jpg
| type = Sport aircraft/Civil utility aircraft/Glider tug
| config = Low wing aircraft
| propulsion = Piston aircraft/Single-engine aircraft
| manufacturer = robin
| authors = Emmanuel Baranger (3D, FDM, System)/Laurent Wromman (FDM)/Laurent Hayvel (texture)/F-JJTH (Systems)
| fdm = YASim
| fgname = dr400-120/dr400-180
| status-fdm = 3
| status-systems = 4
| status-cockpit = 4
| status-model = 4
| devel-hangar = helijah
| liverydbid = 29
| navbar = 1
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[Robin DR400]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

Robin DR400 Dauphin/info

2024-08-05T12:51:34Z

D-ECHO: common manufacturer name

<includeonly>{{infobox aircraft
| name = Robin DR400 Dauphin
| hangar = fgaddon
| aircraft = DR400-dauphin
| image = DR400-dauphin.jpg
| image2 = DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 02.jpg
| alt2 = The Robin DR400 Dauphin's cockpit lighting.
| type = Sport aircraft/Civil utility aircraft/Glider tug
| config = Low wing aircraft
| propulsion = Propeller aircraft/Single-engine aircraft
| manufacturer = robin
| authors = Bertrand AUGRAS (3D)/Daniel DUBREUIL (FDM)/Clement de l'Hamaide (3D, Systems, Adaptation)/PAF team
| fdm = JSBSIM
| fgname = dr400-dauphin
| status-fdm = 4
| status-systems = 4
| status-cockpit = 5
| status-model = 4
| devel-hangar = paf
| ready = checklist/tutorials/rembrandt
| navbar = 1
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[Robin DR400 Dauphin]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

Template:Craft manufacturer

2024-08-05T12:51:10Z

D-ECHO: add Robin Aircraft

{{#switch: {{lc: {{{1|}}}}}

| airbus = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Airbus |Airbus]] [[Category:Airbus]]
| antonov = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Antonov |Antonov]] [[Category:Antonov]]
| aérospatiale = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Aérospatiale |Aérospatiale]] [[Category:Aérospatiale]]
| beechcraft = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Beechcraft |Beechcraft]] [[Category:Beechcraft]]
| bell = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Bell |Bell]] [[Category:Bell]]
| boeing = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Boeing |Boeing]] [[Category:Boeing]]
| bombardier aerospace = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Bombardier Aerospace |Bombardier Aerospace]] [[Category:Bombardier Aerospace]]
| british aerospace = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:British Aerospace |British Aerospace]] [[Category:British Aerospace]]
| british aircraft corporation = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:British Aircraft Corporation|British Aircraft Corporation]] [[Category:British Aircraft Corporation]]
| britten-norman = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Britten-Norman |Britten-Norman]] [[Category:Britten-Norman]]
| cessna = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Cessna |Cessna]] [[Category:Cessna]]
| convair = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Convair |Convair]] [[Category:Convair]]
| dassault = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Dassault |Dassault]] [[Category:Dassault]]
| de havilland = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:de Havilland |de Havilland]] [[Category:de Havilland]]
| de havilland canada = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:de Havilland Canada |de Havilland Canada]] [[Category:de Havilland Canada]]
| dornier = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Dornier |Dornier]] [[Category:Dornier]]
| douglas = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Douglas |Douglas]] [[Category:Douglas]]
| embraer = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Embraer |Embraer]] [[Category:Embraer]]
| english electric = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:English Electric |English Electric]] [[Category:English Electric]]
| eurocopter = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Eurocopter |Eurocopter]] [[Category:Eurocopter]]
| extra = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Extra |Extra]] [[Category:Extra]]
| focke-wulf = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Focke-Wulf |Focke-Wulf]] [[Category:Focke-Wulf]]
| fokker = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Fokker |Fokker]] [[Category:Fokker]]
| glaser-dirks = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Glaser-Dirks |Glaser-Dirks]] [[Category:Glaser-Dirks]]
| grob = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Grob |Grob]] [[Category:Grob]]
| grumman = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Grumman |Grumman]] [[Category:Grumman]]
| hawker = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Hawker |Hawker]] [[Category:Hawker]]
| hughes = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Hughes |Hughes]] [[Category:Hughes]]
| kawasaki = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Kawasaki |Kawasaki]] [[Category:Kawasaki]]
| let = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Let |Let]] [[Category:Let]]
| lockheed = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Lockheed |Lockheed]] [[Category:Lockheed]]
| mcdonnell douglas = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:McDonnell Douglas |McDonnell Douglas]] [[Category:McDonnell Douglas]]
| mcdonnell douglas corporation = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:McDonnell Douglas Corporation |McDonnell Douglas Corporation]] [[Category:McDonnell Douglas Corporation]]
| messerschmitt = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Messerschmitt AG |Messerschmitt AG]] [[Category:Messerschmitt AG]]
| messerschmitt-bölkow-blohm = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm |Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm]] [[Category:Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm]]
| mikoyan and gurevich = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Mikoyan and Gurevich |Mikoyan and Gurevich]] [[Category:Mikoyan and Gurevich]]
| mitsubishi = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Mitsubishi |Mitsubishi]] [[Category:Mitsubishi]]
| north american aviation = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:North American Aviation |North American Aviation]] [[Category:North American Aviation]]
| northrop = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Northrop |Northrop]] [[Category:Northrop]]
| pilatus aircraft = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Pilatus aircraft |Pilatus aircraft]] [[Category:Pilatus aircraft]]
| piper = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Piper |Piper]] [[Category:Piper]]
| pipistrel = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Pipistrel |Pipistrel]] [[Category:Pipistrel]]
| pzl milec = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:PZL Mielec |PZL Mielec]] [[Category:PZL Mielec]]
| robin = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Robin Aircraft |Robin Aircraft]] [[Category:Robin Aircraft]]
| robinson = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Robinson |Robinson]] [[Category:Robinson]]
| saab = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Saab |Saab]] [[Category:Saab]]
| sikorsky = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Sikorsky |Sikorsky]] [[Category:Sikorsky]]
| schleicher = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Schleicher |Schleicher]] [[Category:Schleicher]]
| sopwith aviation company = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Sopwith Aviation Company |Sopwith Aviation Company]] [[Category:Sopwith Aviation Company]]
| sud aviation = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Sud Aviation |Sud Aviation]] [[Category:Sud Aviation]]
| sukhoi = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Sukhoi |Sukhoi]] [[Category:Sukhoi]]
| supermarine = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Supermarine |Supermarine]] [[Category:Supermarine]]
| tupolev = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Tupolev |Tupolev]] [[Category:Tupolev]]
| yakovlev = {{{pre|}}}[[:Category:Yakovlev |Yakovlev]] [[Category:Yakovlev]]




| #default = {{#if: {{{1|}}}|{{{pre|}}}{{{1|}}}}}
}}<noinclude>

{{Informative template|1=
== Goal ==
Convert a craft's manufacturer into a link to a category page and append the category to the calling page.

== Usage ==
{{obr}}'''craft manufacturer'''
{{!}} ''manufacturer''
{{!}} ''pre'' =
{{cbr}}

; manufacturer: Configuration of the aircraft, spacecraft, vehicle, or seacraft. Although this can be any text, special parameter values, independent of capitalisation, will be associated with a category. This will result in the creation of an internal wiki link to the category as well as appending the category to the article. See the [[#Craft manufacturer|Craft manufacturer]] section below for a table of values.

; pre: Text to prefix prior to the link text. This is useful for creating lists.

{{craft manufacturer/doc}}

== Examples ==

=== Stealth aircraft ===
{{obr}}craft manufacturer{{!}}Antonov{{cbr}}
{{craft manufacturer|Antonov}}

== Related templates ==

The {{tl|craft manufacturers}} navigation template should show all of the above craft manufacturers:

{{craft manufacturers}}

}}
</noinclude>

Robin DR400 Dauphin

2024-08-05T12:48:32Z

D-ECHO: Add link to DR400 Ecoflyer

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
{{for|the [[:Category:Helijah hangar|Helijah hangar]] DR400 in [[FGAddon]]|Robin DR400}}{{for|1=the [[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]] DR400-135cdi Ecoflyer in [[FGAddon]]|2=Robin DR400 Ecoflyer}}[[File:Rembrandtready.png]]

= Aircraft help =

== Specifications ==

==== General characteristics ====
* Capacity: 4
* Length: 6.96 m (22 ft 10 in)
* Wingspan: 8.72 m (28 ft 7¼ in)
* Height: 2.23 m (7 ft 3¾ in)
* Wing area: 13.60 m2 (146.4 ft2)
* Empty weight: 620 kg (1323 lb)
* Gross weight: 1100 kg (2425 lb)
* Engine: 1 × Lycoming O-360-A flat-four pistons engine, 134 kW (180 hp)

==== Performances ====
* Stall speed: 87 km/h
* Cruise speed: 215 km/h
* Maximum speed: 265 km/h
* Range: 1200 km (745 miles)

== Procedures ==

=== Startup ===

==== Autostart ====
If you don't want to execute the real startup procedure you can use the "Autostart" feature available from the Menubar > Robin DR400 Dauphin or [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Options menu|Options menu]]

Pressing this feature you are toggling Startup/Shutdown engine. You just need to press "s" key (starter) in order to startup the engine.
==== Manual ====
# Electric master : ON
# Avionics master : ON
# Carburator heat : COLD (pushed)
# Fuel selector valve : CENTER
# Throttle : 10%
# Mixture : FULL RICH
# Magnetos : BOTH
# Electric pump : ON
# Starter : PRESS until engine is started
# Electric pump : OFF
# Alternator : ON

=== Takeoff ===
# Brakes : SET (shift+b)
# Mixture : FULL RICH
# Fuel selector valve : RECHECK SELECTION
# Elevator trim : SET for takeoff
# Radios and Avionics : SET
# Flaps : SET for takeoff (15°)
# Brakes : RELEASE
# Throttle : FULL OPEN

=== Climb ===
* Airspeed : 115 - 125 KM/H
* Throttle : FULL OPEN
* Mixture : RICH

=== Cruise ===
* Power : 2100 - 2700 RPM
* Flaps : UP
* Elevator trim : ADJUST as required

=== Landing ===
# Brakes : RELEASE
# Flaps : 1 flaps below 170 KM/H
# Airspeed : 150 KM/H
# Flaps : 2 flaps below 130 KM/H
# Airpseed : 110 KM/H
# After landing : Flaps UP

=== Shutdown ===
# Brakes : SET
# Avionics, electrical : OFF
# Alternator : OFF
# Throttle : PULLED FULL OUT
# Mixture : PULLED FULL OUT
# Magnetos : OFF
# Electric master : OFF
# Fuel selector valve : CLOSED

== Keyboard shortcuts ==
{| class="keytable"
|-
! Key
! Function
|-
| {{key press|d}}
| Open/close the canopy
|-
| {{key press|s}}
| Starter
|-
| {{key press|{{=}}}}
| Open/close options menu
|-
| {{key press|Ctrl|c}}
| Toggle panel hotspots and labels
|}

== Options menu ==
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Menu dialogs.jpg|thumb|Options menu]]
Options menu is available in the menubar > Robin DR400 Dauphin > Options or by pressing "=" key

* Display
** Show Yokes : show/hide yokes
** Show Pilot in cockpit view : show/hide the pilot in cockpit view
* Realism : look at [[Robin DR400 Dauphin#Realism|realism]] section

These settings are stored between sessions.

<br style="clear:both"/>

= Features =

=== Tutorials ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Tuto.jpg|thumb|Tutorials]]
A list of tutorials for training purpose are available in the menu Help > Aircraft tutorials

They are also available in the [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Options menu|Options menu]].

Once the tutorial dialog is opened, you can select a tutorial from the right list then press "Start", the tutorial is loading.

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Checklists ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Checklist.jpg|thumb|Checklists]]
A list of checklists are available in the menu Help > Aircraft checklists

They are also available in the [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Options menu|Options menu]].

Once the checklist dialog is opened, you can select a checklist from the top droplist.

Each item can be executed by pressing ">" and a focus marker can be displayed in the cockpit by pressing "?"

<br style="clear:both;"/>

=== Slider/knob ===
Throttle and mixture use the slider animation, it means you have several possibility to handle these parts:
* Left/Middle mouse click = Increase/Decrease
* Dragging up/down = Increase/Decrease
* Mousewheel forward/backward = Increase/Decrease

All knobs use the knob animation, it means you can handle these parts like:
* Left/Middle mouse click = Increase/Decrease
* Dragging left/right = Increase/Decrease
* Mousewheel forward/backward = Increase/Decrease

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Text OSG ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin TextOSG.jpg|thumb|TextOSG]]
[[File:TextOSG 2.jpg|thumb|TextOSG]]
The panel is plenty of helpful text available with Ctrl+c

That way you know the name and use of each part on the panel.

<br style="clear:both;"/>

=== Tooltips ===
Tooltips are massively used for state information in the cockpit. Be sure the checkbox "Tooltips" is checked in Debug > User Preferences Interface

That way you can easily know the state of:
* Throttle (in percent %)
* Mixture (in percent %)
* Altimeter (in QNH)
* Switches (ON/OFF)
* Lights (in percent %)
* Flaps (in degrees)
* Avionics
* NAV/VOR instruments

<gallery>
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip altimeter.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip brake.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip elt.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip flaps.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip fuel selector.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip magneto.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip master.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip panel light.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip throttle.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip vor.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip warning.jpg
</gallery>

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Rembrandt ===
The DR400 Dauphin is fully Rembrandt compliant.

Taxi light, Landing light, Nav lights, Beacon light, Panel lights.

<gallery>
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 01.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 02.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 03.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 04.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 05.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 06.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 07.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 08.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 09.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 10.jpg
File:DR400 Dauphin Rembrandt 11.jpg
</gallery>

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Liveries ===
You can change the livery by selecting one in the [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Options menu|Options menu]] > Liveries

Changing your aircraft livery is shown to other simmers.

<br style="clear:both;"/>

=== Shaders ===
A reflective shader is applied on exterior model. To make it appear be sur the "Model" slider is at least at 4/5 in the Rendering dialog.

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Realism ===
==== Gears ====
Be carefull at landing because you could break the gears if you hit the ground too hard!
==== Water ====
It's a JSBSim aircraft but you can't land on water, if you do so your aircraft will be considered as crashed, but you just need to press "p" as needed when you are in the water then you can continue your flight.
==== Negative G ====
Don't try to get negative G too long! The DR400 Dauphin is not made for acrobatics. If you are flying upside down or even flying with negative G for too long, your engine will shutdown, just like in real life!
==== Over G ====
Be careful at manipulating the yoke, you could break the wings if you are too hard at high speed

<br style="clear:both;"/>

= HowTo use =

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Electrical system ===
The Robin DR400 Dauphin has a realistic electric system. Each electric part (instruments, lights, pump...) consumes electrical power. The more electrical parts are ON, the more the electric system is sought.
<br style="clear:both;"/>
==== Electric master ====
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Magneto master.jpg|thumb|Electric master and alternator]]
Electrical system is supplied by this switch. While this switch is OFF, nothing is working but the GPS and chronometer.

The first thing you would do once you are seating in this aircraft is to trigger this switch ON.
==== Alternator ====
Until alternator switch is ON AND engine is OFF, the battery is the only electric provider.

Be carefull to switch it ON as soon as the engine is running to avoid electrical failure.

<br style="clear:both;"/>
==== Avionics master ====
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Lighting.jpg|thumb|Lights switches and Avionics master]]
This switch is supplying electrical power to:
* Artificial horizon
* Radio
* Transponder
* NAV/VOR

=== Lights ===

==== Interior lights ====
Three knobs are available to light up three parts of the panel (Left, Right, Center)

Interior lights are only working once the [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Electric master|electric master]] is ON.
==== Exterior lights ====
Available exterior lights are:
* Landing light - a powerful light for long distance lighting
* Taxi light - for short distance lighting
* Nav lights - located at the tips of the wings
* Beacon light - located on the top of the fuselage

Exterior lights are only working once the [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Electric master|electric master]] is ON.

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Chronometer ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Chrono.jpg|thumb|Chronometer]]
The chronometer is independant of electrical system: it has its own integrated battery.

* On/Off: Switch ON/OFF the chronometer
* Reset: Set the chrono to 00:00:00
* Start: Start/pause the counter,
* Stop: Stop the counter

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== ELT ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin ELT.jpg|thumb|ELT]]

ON: if, for some reason, you are feeling in emergency situation but not crashed you can set ON. A message with your callsign and your position is sent over the network.

ARMED: ready to operate in case of crash. A message with your callsign and your position is sent over network in case of a crash.

TEST: press it and make sure you get a testing message on your screen to be sure the ELT is working and ready to operate in case of crash.

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Altimeter ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Tooltip altimeter.jpg|thumb|Altimeter]]
Altimeter is a QNH based pressure. You can change the QNH by handling the knob on the bottom-right.

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== GPS ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Radio stack.jpg|thumb|Garmin196, KX165 and KT76A]]

=== Radio ===
A [[Kx165|Bendix King KX165]] is installed, it has a 25kHz spacing and works well with [[FGCom]].

It's only working once [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Electric master|electric master]] AND [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Avionics master|avionics master]] are ON

=== Transponder ===
A [[Bendix King KT 76A]] is installed, it's a transponder working over network.

It is only working once [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Electric master|electric master]] AND [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Avionics master|avionics master]] are ON

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Electric pump ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Fuel pump.jpg|thumb|Electric pump]]

Electric (fuel) pump ON is required for engine startup. Once the engine is running you can set it OFF.

Electric pump is usually ON during critical flight procedures (takeoff and landing).

The gauge located just above the switch shows the fuel pressure.

<br style="clear:both;"/>

=== Fuel tank selector ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Fuel selector.jpg|thumb|Fuel tank selector and starter]]
The Robin DR400 Dauphin has 3 tanks, one inside each wing plus one centered in fuselage.

You can select the tank with the fuel tank selector located between the pilot and copilot.

Until the selector is on CLOSED position, the starter switch is unaccessible for security reason (we don't want start the engine until we selected a fuel tank)

Press Ctrl+c in order to see the hotspot. You can use mousewheel or left click to set the selector.

=== Starter ===
The Starter button is located behind the fuel tank selector tip.

You can only press it once the tip of the [[Robin DR400 Dauphin #Fuel tank selector|fuel tank selector]] has moved from CLOSED position.

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Elevator trim ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Middle.jpg|thumb|Elevator trim and flaps]]
The trim wheel is located ahead of the fuel tank selector. The wheel is working like a knob depending on the mouse action.

A trim indicator is located to the left of the mixture, that way you know the state of the elevator trim.

=== Flaps ===
Flaps handle is located to the right of the pilot, just between pilot and copilot seats.

Pressing on the front of the handle makes flaps UP while pressing on the back makes flaps DOWN.

A warning light is lit up green until flaps are not totally UP.

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Brakes ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Brake mixture.jpg|thumb|Brakes and mixture]]
You can handle left and right brake independently. It can be helpful for taxiing in addition of the rudder action.

Pressing "b" acts on both brakes.

Parking brake switch is located on the top of the mixture parts, by pressing it will toggle the parking brake.

=== Throttle/Mixture ===
* Left/Middle mouse click = Increase/Decrease
* Dragging up/down = Increase/Decrease
* Mousewheel forward/backward = Increase/Decrease

<br style="clear:both;"/>
=== Warnings ===
[[File:DR400 Dauphin Warning.jpg|thumb|Warnings]]
The warnings are displaying the state of:
* Starter
* Flaps
* Alternator
* Fuel pressure
* Oil pressure

The switch to the left of the warnings light has two functions:
* Bottom hotpsot: make sure there is no broken warning lights - Every warning light should lit up, that way you are sure none are out of service.
* Switch: toggles day/night mode - At night mode, warning lights intensity is reduced.

Robin DR400

2024-08-05T12:47:59Z

D-ECHO: Add link to DR400 Ecoflyer

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
{{for|the [[:Category:PAF hangar|PAF hangar]] DR400 in [[FGAddon]]|Robin DR400 Dauphin}}
{{for|the [[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]] DR400-135cdi Ecoflyer in [[FGAddon]]|Robin DR400 Ecoflyer}}
The '''Robin DR400''' is a wooden sport monoplane, conceived by Pierre Robin and Jean Délémontez. The Robin DR400 first flew in 1972 and was still in production in 2006. It has a tricycle undercarriage, and can carry four people. The DR400 aircraft have the 'cranked wing' configuration, in which the dihedral angle of the outer wing is much greater than the inboard, a configuration which they share with Jodel [[aircraft]]. This model is considered easy to fly by many and quiet during flight due to its wooden frame. Like all wooden aircraft, the DR400 should be hangared to prevent weather damage to the wood components.

== Aircraft help ==
{| class="keytable"
!Key
!Function
|-
| {{key press|d}}
| Open/close canopy
|-
|}

=== Immatriculation ===
The user is able to choose a desired callsign which will be shown on the tail of the aircraft and in the cockpit.
To change it, go to Main menu > Robin DR 400 > Immatriculation and fill in a new callsign.

== External link ==
* [http://austingwatson.com/aviation/bourges-fr/POH-SIM-Robin-DR400-180.pdf Checklists] (pdf)

[[Category:Red Griffin ATC compatible aircraft]]

Robin DR400/info

2024-08-05T12:46:27Z

D-ECHO: common manufacturer name

<includeonly>{{infobox aircraft
| name = Robin DR400
| hangar = fgaddon
| aircraft = DR400
| image = dr400.jpg
| type = Sport aircraft/Civil utility aircraft/Glider tug
| config = Low wing aircraft
| propulsion = Piston aircraft/Single-engine aircraft
| manufacturer = Robin Aircraft
| authors = Emmanuel Baranger (3D, FDM, System)/Laurent Wromman (FDM)/Laurent Hayvel (texture)/F-JJTH (Systems)
| fdm = YASim
| fgname = dr400-120/dr400-180
| status-fdm = 3
| status-systems = 4
| status-cockpit = 4
| status-model = 4
| devel-hangar = helijah
| liverydbid = 29
| navbar = 1
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[Robin DR400]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

Robin DR400 Ecoflyer

2024-08-05T12:33:45Z

D-ECHO: Write up a small article

Robin DR400 Ecoflyer

2024-08-05T12:19:54Z

D-ECHO: Create page

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}

Robin DR400 Ecoflyer/info

2024-08-05T12:19:07Z

D-ECHO: Create Infobox

<includeonly>{{infobox aircraft
| name = Robin DR400-135cdi Ecoflyer
| hangar = fgaddon
| aircraft = DR400-Ecoflyer
| image = Robin DR400 Ecoflyer Exterior.jpg
| type = Civil utility aircraft/Civil trainer aircraft
| config = Low wing aircraft
| propulsion = Piston aircraft/Single-engine aircraft
| manufacturer = Robin Aircraft
| authors = Bea Wolf (D-ECHO)/PAF Team/Guillaume CHAUVAT/Daniel DUBREUIL/Laurent HAYVEL/Christian THIRIOT/Emmanuel BARANGER
| fdm = JSBSim
| fgname = dr400-135cdi
| status-fdm = 3
| status-systems = 4
| status-cockpit = 3
| status-model = 3
| navbar = 1
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[Robin DR400 Ecoflyer]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

Template:Craft manufacturers

2024-08-05T12:18:27Z

D-ECHO: add Robin Aircraft

{{Navbox
| name = Craft manufacturers
| title = {{LangSwitch
| en = Craft manufacturers
}}
| listclass = hlist

| group1 = {{LangSwitch
| en = Aircraft
}}
| list1 =
* [[:Category:Airbus|Airbus]]
* [[:Category:Antonov|Antonov]]
* [[:Category:Aérospatiale|Aérospatiale]]
* [[:Category:Beechcraft|Beechcraft]]
* [[:Category:Bell|Bell]]
* [[:Category:Boeing|Boeing]]
* [[:Category:Bombardier Aerospace|Bombardier Aerospace]]
* [[:Category:British Aerospace|British Aerospace]]
* [[:Category:British Aircraft Corporation|British Aircraft Corporation]]
* [[:Category:Cessna|Cessna]]
* [[:Category:Dassault|Dassault]]
* [[:Category:De Havilland|De Havilland]]
* [[:Category:De Havilland Canada|De Havilland Canada]]
* [[:Category:Dornier|Dornier]]
* [[:Category:Douglas|Douglas]]
* [[:Category:Embraer|Embraer]]
* [[:Category:English Electric‎|English Electric‎]]
* [[:Category:Eurocopter|Eurocopter]]
* [[:Category:Extra|Extra]]
* [[:Category:Focke-Wulf|Focke-Wulf]]
* [[:Category:Fokker|Fokker]]
* [[:Category:Glaser-Dirks|Glaser-Dirks]]
* [[:Category:Grob|Grob]]
* [[:Category:Grumman|Grumman]]
* [[:Category:Hawker|Hawker]]
* [[:Category:Hughes|Hughes]]
* [[:Category:Kawasaki|Kawasaki]]
* [[:Category:Let|Let]]
* [[:Category:Lockheed|Lockheed]]
* [[:Category:McDonnell Douglas|McDonnell Douglas]]
* [[:Category:Messerschmitt AG|Messerschmitt AG]]
* [[:Category:Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm|Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm]]
* [[:Category:Mikoyan and Gurevich|Mikoyan and Gurevich]]
* [[:Category:Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]]
* [[:Category:North American Aviation|North American Aviation]]
* [[:Category:Northrop|Northrop]]
* [[:Category:Pilatus aircraft|Pilatus aircraft]]
* [[:Category:Piper|Piper]]
* [[:Category:Pipistrel|Pipistrel]]
* [[:Category:PZL Mielec|PZL Mielec]]
* [[:Category:Robin Aircraft|Robin Aircraft]]
* [[:Category:Robinson|Robinson]]
* [[:Category:Saab|Saab]]
* [[:Category:Schleicher|Schleicher]]
* [[:Category:Sikorsky|Sikorsky]]
* [[:Category:Sud Aviation|Sud Aviation]]
* [[:Category:Sukhoi|Sukhoi]]
* [[:Category:Supermarine‎|Supermarine‎]]
* [[:Category:Tupolev|Tupolev]]
* [[:Category:Yakovlev|Yakovlev]]

| group2 = {{LangSwitch
| en = Spacecraft
}}
| list2 =
*
| group3 = {{LangSwitch
| en = Vehicle
}}
| list3 =
*

| group4 = {{LangSwitch
| en = Seacraft
}}
| list4 =
*
}}<noinclude>
{{Informative template|1=
__NOTOC__
== Goal ==
This navigation template shows all aircraft, spacecraft, vehicle, and seacraft manufacturers.

This should not be confused with the {{tl|craft manufacturer}} template used for individual manufacturers.

== Usage ==

{{obr}}'''craft manufacturers'''{{cbr}}

}}

[[Category:Navigation templates]]
</noinclude>

Category:Robin Aircraft

2024-08-05T12:16:02Z

D-ECHO:

{{en|This category contains aircraft currently or previously built or engineered by Robin Aircraft.}}

[[Category:Aircraft manufacturer]]

Category:Robin Aircraft

2024-08-05T12:15:23Z

D-ECHO: Add Category

{{en|This category contains aircraft currently or previously built or engineered by Robin Aircraft.}}

File:Robin DR400 Ecoflyer Exterior.jpg

2024-08-05T12:13:13Z

D-ECHO: Uploaded own work with UploadWizard

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=Robin DR400-135cdi Ecoflyer in-flight}}
|date=2023-11-07
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:D-ECHO|D-ECHO]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Robin DR400 screenshots]]

JSBSim Engines

2024-03-25T16:47:24Z

D-ECHO: /* Notes */ add dead link notice

[[JSBSim]] provides a framework for aerodynamics. This page will attempt to explain how to create engines for the JSBSim framework. Engines also require [[JSBSim Thrusters|thrusters]].

== FGPiston ==
Piston engine model. You enter values based on commonly available data and this model creates reasonable output values.
=== Configuration File Format ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<piston_engine name="{string}">
<minmp unit="{INHG | PA | ATM}"> {number} </minmp>
<maxmp unit="{INHG | PA | ATM}"> {number} </maxmp>
<displacement unit="{IN3 | LTR | CC}"> {number} </displacement>
<bore unit="{IN | M}"> {number} </bore> 
<stroke unit="{IN | M}"> {number} </stroke>
<cylinders> {number} </cylinders>
<cylinder-head-mass unit="{KG | LBS}"> {number} </cylinder-head-mass>
<compression-ratio> {number} </compression-ratio>
<sparkfaildrop> {number} </sparkfaildrop>
<maxhp unit="{HP | WATTS}"> {number} </maxhp>
<cycles> {number} </cycles>
<idlerpm> {number} </idlerpm>
<maxrpm> {number} </maxrpm>
<numboostspeeds> {number} </numboostspeeds>
<boostoverride> {0 | 1} </boostoverride>
<boostmanual> {0 | 1} </boostmanual>
<ratedboost1 unit="{INHG | PA | ATM}"> {number} </ratedboost1>
<ratedpower1 unit="{HP | WATTS}"> {number} </ratedpower1>
<ratedrpm1> {number} </ratedrpm1>
<ratedaltitude1 unit="{FT | M}"> {number} </ratedaltitude1>
(repeat for speeds 2 and 3)
<takeoffboost unit="{INHG | PA | ATM}"> {number} </takeoffboost>

<bsfc unit="{LBS/HP*HR | KG/KW*HR}"> {number} </bsfc>
<volumetric-efficiency> {number} </volumetric-efficiency>
<air-intake-impedance-factor> {number} </air-intake-impedance-factor>
<ram-air-factor> {number} </ram-air-factor>
<cooling-factor> {number} </cooling-factor>

<starter-torque> {number} </starter-torque>
<starter-rpm> {number} </starter-rpm>
<static-friction unit="{HP | WATTS}"> {number} </static-friction>
<man-press-lag> {number} </man-press-lag>
<boost-loss-factor> {number} </boost-loss-factor>

<oil-pressure-relief-valve-psi> {number} </oil-pressure-relief-valve-psi>
<design-oil-temp-degK> {number} </design-oil-temp-degK>
<oil-pressure-rpm-max> {number} </oil-pressure-rpm-max>
<oil-viscosity-index> {number} </oil-viscosity-index>
</piston_engine>
</syntaxhighlight>

=== Parameter definitions ===
{| class="prettytable"
|minmp
|this value is the nominal idle manifold pressure at sea-level without boost. Along with idlerpm, it determines the throttle response slope.
|-
|maxmp
|this value is the nomial maximum manifold pressure at sea-level without boost. Along with maxrpm it determines the resistance of the aircraft's intake system. See air-intake-impedance-factor
|-
|displacement
|this value is used to determine mass air and fuel flow which impacts engine power and cooling.
|-
|bore
|cylinder bore is currently unused.
|-
|stroke
|piston stroke is used to determine the mean piston speed. A longer stroke results in an engine that does not work as well at higher speeds.
|-
|cylinders
|number of cylinders scales the cylinder head mass.
|-
|cylinder-head-mass
|the nominal mass of a cylinder head. A larger value slows changes in engine temperature
|-
|compression-ratio
|the compression ratio affects the change in volumetric efficiency with altitude.
|-
|sparkfaildrop
|this is the percentage drop in horsepower for single magneto operation.
|-
|maxhp
|this value is the nominal power the engine creates at maxrpm. It will determine bsfc if that tag is not input. It also determines the starter motor power.
|-
|static-friction
|this value is the power required to turn an engine that is not running. Used to control and slow a windmilling propeller.
|-
|cycles
|Designate a 2 or 4 stroke engine. Currently only the 4 stroke engine is supported.
|-
|idlerpm
|this value affects the throttle fall off and the engine stops running if it is slowed below 80% of this value. The engine starts running when it reaches 80% of this value.
|-
|maxrpm
|this value is used to calculate air-box resistance and BSFC. It also affects oil pressure among other things.
|-
|maxthrottle
|Deprecated / unused
|-
|minthrottle
|Deprecated / unused
|-
|numboostspeed
| zero (or not present) for a naturally-aspirated engine, either 1, 2 or 3 for a boosted engine. This corresponds to the number of supercharger speeds. Merlin XII had 1 speed, Merlin 61 had 2, a late Griffon engine apparently had 3. No known engine more than 3, although some German engines apparently had a continuously variable-speed supercharger.
|-
|boostoverride
|unused
|-
|boost-loss-factor (fgfs 2.8)
|boost-loss-factor - zero (or not present) for 'free' supercharging. A value entered will be used as a multiplier to the power required to compress the input air. Typical value should be 1.15 to 1.20.
|-
|boostmanual
|whether a multispeed supercharger will manually or automatically shift boost speeds. On manual shifting the boost speeds is accomplished by controlling propulsion/engine/boostspeed
|-
|takeoffboost
|boost in psi above sea level ambient.
|-
|ratedboost[123]
|the absolute rated boost above sea level ambient (14.7 PSI, 29.92 inHg) for a given boost speed, in psi
|-
|ratedpower[123]
|required by the parser but ignored
|-
|ratedrpm[123]
|The rpm at which rated boost is developed
|-
|ratedaltitude[123]
|The altitude up to which rated boost can be maintained. Up to this altitude the boost is maintained constant for a given throttle position by the BCV or wastegate. Beyond this altitude the manifold pressure must drop, since the supercharger is now at maximum unregulated output. The actual pressure multiplier of the supercharger system is calculated at initialisation from this value.
|-
|bsfc (Advanced)
|Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption. The power produced per unit of fuel. Higher numbers give worse fuel economy. This number may need to be lowered slightly from actual BSFC numbers because some internal engine losses are modeled separately.
|-
|volumetric-efficiency (Advanced)
|the nominal volumetric efficiency of the engine. Boosted engines require values above 1.
|-
|air-intake-impedance-factor (Advanced)
|this number is the pressure drop across the intake system. Increasing it reduces available manifold pressure.
|-
|ram-air-factor (Advanced)
|this number creates a pressure increase with an increase in dynamic pressure (aircraft speed).
|-
|cooling-factor (Advanced)
|this number models how efficient the aircraft cooling system is.
|-
|starter-torque (fgfs 2.8)
|A value specifying the zero RPM torque in lb*ft the starter motor provides. Current default value is 40% of the maximum horsepower value.
|-
|starter-rpm (fgfs 2.8)
| A value specifying the maximum RPM the unloaded starter motor can achieve. Loads placed on the engine by the propeller and throttle will further limit RPM achieved in practice. The actual RPM needs to be more than idlerpm * 0.8 for the engine to start running.
|-
|static-friction (fgfs 2.8)
|this value is the power required to turn an engine that is not running. Used to control and slow a windmilling propeller. Choose a small percentage of maxhp. It can also be adjusted at run-time to simulate accessory or other non-thruster engine load.
|-
|man-press-lag (fgfs 2.8)
|Delay in seconds for manifold pressure changes to take effect after the throttle is moved or the RPM changes. Default is 1 second.
|-
|oil-pressure-relief-valve-psi (fgfs 2017.2)
|the basic max value reached by oil pressure at engine RPM >= [oil-pressure-rpm-max]. Default = 60 psi. This basic value is later corrected for oil temperature and viscosity, to give the final oil pressure.
|-
|oil-pressure-rpm-max (fgfs 2017.2)
|the engine RPM value above which the basic oil pressure stabilizes at [oil-pressure-relief-valve-psi]. Default = maxrpm * 0.75. Below this regime, the oil pressure increases linearly with RPM as (oil-pressure-relief-valve-psi) * RPM / (oil-pressure-rpm-max).
|-
|design-oil-temp-degK (fgfs 2017.2)
|A characteristic oil temperature at which the final oil pressure = [oil-pressure-relief-valve-psi] if RPM are >= [oil-pressure-rpm-max]. Default = 358 K. Otherwise, the final oil pressure depends on oil temperature and viscosity index (and RPM at low regime).
|-
|oil-viscosity-index (fgfs 2017.2)
|A coefficient for oil viscosity dependence on oil temperature. Default = 0.25 psi / K regarding the effect on oil pressure.
|-
|}

=== Notes ===
* Intake & Throttle
** The intake is modeled by <ram-air-factor>,<minmp>, <maxmp>, and <air-intake-impedance-factor>.
** <ram-air-factor> is the efficiency of the air scoop intake. 0 turns ram air off. Default is 1. This value is exposed on the property tree so it may be altered at runtime to simulate alternate air, etc. The value can be calculated by (ambient pressure)/(desired pressure)-1 where desired pressure is full throttle at rated RPM.
** <maxmp> is the maximum manifold pressure achievable. It is used for determining <BSFC> and <air-intake-impedance-factor> if a values are not supplied for those items.
** <minmp> is used along with <idlerpm> to determine the slope of the throttle response
** <air-intake-impedance-factor> is the fixed impedance in the air intake system. It is determined by <maxmp> if not supplied. This value is exposed on the property tree so it may be altered at runtime to simulate intake icing, alternate air, etc.
* Boost
** <boostmanual> whether a multispeed supercharger will manually or automatically shift boost speeds. On manual shifting the boost speeds is accomplished by controlling propulsion/engine/boostspeed
** <takeoffboost> - Many aircraft had an extra boost setting beyond rated boost, but not totally uncontrolled as in the already mentioned boost-control-cutout, typically attained by pushing the throttle past a mechanical 'gate' preventing its inadvertant use. This was typically used for takeoff, and emergency situations, generally for not more than five minutes. This is a change in the boost control setting, not the actual supercharger speed, and so would only give extra power below the rated altitude. When TAKEOFFBOOST is specified in the config file (and is above RATEDBOOST1), then the throttle position is interpreted as:
*** 0 to 0.98 : idle manifold pressure to rated boost (where attainable)
*** 0.99, 1.0 : takeoff boost (where attainable).
*** A typical takeoff boost for an earlyish Merlin was about 12psi, compared with a rated boost of 9psi.
*** It is quite possible that other boost control settings could have been used on some aircraft, or that takeoff/extra boost could have activated by other means than pushing the throttle full forward through a gate, but this will suffice for now.
** <ratedboost[123]> - the absolute rated boost above sea level ambient (14.7 PSI, 29.92 inHg) for a given boost speed, in psi. Eg the Merlin XII had a rated boost of 9psi, giving approximately 39inHg manifold pressure up to the rated altitude.
*** Note that <maxmp> is still the non-boosted max manifold pressure even for boosted engines - effectively this is simply a measure of the pressure drop through the fully open throttle.
** <ratedaltitude[123]> - The altitude up to which rated boost can be maintained. Up to this altitude the boost is maintained constant for a given throttle position by the BCV or wastegate. Beyond this altitude the manifold pressure must drop, since the supercharger is now at maximum unregulated output. The actual pressure multiplier of the supercharger system is calculated at initialisation from this value.
** <ratedpower[123]> - The power developed at rated boost at rated altitude at rated rpm.
** <ratedrpm[123]> - The rpm at which rated power is developed.
* Power production
** <sparkfaildrop> is the amount of power you get for single magneto operation, try a value of 0.8 or so.
** <volumetric-efficiency> controls how much air goes through the engine at a given RPM. Values below 1 for unboosted engines and values over 1 for boosted engines. This value is exposed on the property tree so it may be altered at runtime.
** <bsfc> is the amount of power the engine produces per unit of fuel consumed. Use it to tune the power produced. This value is exposed on the property tree so it may be altered at runtime.
* Cooling
** <cylinder-head-mass> controls how fast the engine heats up and cools off. So if you have a '5-minute' limit on a power setting you can adjust this value so the engine just starts to overheat at the end of the given time frame.
** <cooling-factor> controls how much 'air' flows over the engine to cool it. Raising the value makes the engine run cooler. This value is exposed on the property tree so it may be altered at runtime to simulate cowl flaps, for example.
* Tuning
** Using a constant speed load, set the engine model to full throttle and rated RPM.
** Set <ram-air-factor> to zero.
** Adjust <air-intake-impedance-factor> to achieve the proper static full throttle manifold pressure.
** Increase airspeed to cruise and adjust <ram-air-factor> to achieve the proper dynamic full throttle manifold pressure.
** Adjust <volumetric-efficiency> first to achieve desired fuel flow rate, leaning engine as required.
** Adjust <bsfc> to achieve desired power.
** Some piston engines will have power curves that will need to be altered from default depending on operating conditions. For example engines with multi-speed superchargers will produce less horse power on high speed at the same manifold pressure compared to low speed. Functions can be setup to alter <volumetric-efficiency> and <bsfc> at run time to get the power and fuel consumption curves correct by using different values for high and low supercharger speeds.

== FGTurbine ==
The jet turbine engine

=== Configuration File Format ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<turbine_engine name="{string}">
<milthrust unit="{LBS | N}"> {number} </milthrust>
<maxthrust unit="{LBS | N}"> {number} </maxthrust>
<bypassratio> {number} </bypassratio>
<bleed> {number} </bleed>
<tsfc> {number} </tsfc>
<atsfc> {number} </atsfc>
<ignitionn1> {number} </ignitionn1>
<ignitionn2> {number} </ignitionn2>
<idlen1> {number} </idlen1>
<idlen2> {number} </idlen2>
<n1spinup> {number} </n1spinup>
<n2spinup> {number} </n2spinup>
<n1startrate> {number} </n1startrate>
<n2startrate> {number} </n2startrate>
<maxn1> {number} </maxn1>
<maxn2> {number} </maxn2>
<augmented> {0 | 1} </augmented>
<augmethod> {0 | 1 | 2} </augmethod>
<injected> {0 | 1} </injected>
<injection-time> {number} </injection-time>
<function name="IdleThrust"> </function>
<function name="MilThrust"> </function>
<function name="AugThrust"> </function>
<function name="Injection"> </function>
</turbine_engine>
</syntaxhighlight>

=== Parameter definitions ===
{| class="prettytable"
|milthrust
|Maximum thrust, static, at sea level.
|-
|maxthrust
|Afterburning thrust, static, at sea level.
|-
|bypassratio
|Ratio of bypass air flow to core air flow.
|-
|bleed
|Thrust reduction factor due to losses (0.0 to 1.0).
|-
|tsfc
|Thrust-specific fuel consumption at cruise, lbm/hr/lbf
|-
|atsfc
|Afterburning TSFC, lbm/hr/lbf
|-
|ignitionn1
|Fan rotor rpm (% of max) while starting
|-
|ignitionn2
|Core rotor rpm (% of max) while starting
|-
|idlen1
|Fan rotor rpm (% of max) at idle
|-
|idlen2
|Core rotor rpm (% of max) at idle
|-
|n1spinup
|Fan rotor rpm starter acceleration (default 1.0%/sec)
|-
|n2spinup
|Core rotor rpm starter acceleration (default 3.0%/sec)
|-
|n1startrate
|Fan rotor rpm time taken to accelerate from ignitionn1 to idlen1 value (default 1.4%/sec)
|-
|n2startrate
|Core rotor rpm time taken to accelerate from ignitionn2 to idlen2 value (default 2.0%/sec)
|-
|maxn1
|Fan rotor rpm (% of max) at full throttle
|-
|maxn2
|Core rotor rpm (% of max) at full throttle
|-
|augmented
|0 = afterburner not installed<br />1 = afterburner installed
|-
|augmethod
|0 = afterburner activated by property /engines/engine[n]/augmentation<br />1 = afterburner activated by pushing throttle above 99% position<br />2 = throttle range is expanded in the FCS, and values above 1.0 are afterburner range
|-
|injected
|0 = Water injection not installed<br />1 = Water injection installed
|-
|injection-time
|Time, in seconds, of water injection duration
|-
|function
|Two functions, IdleThrust and MilThrust must always be defined. AugThrust is required for afterburning (reheated) engines. Injection is for water injected engines. These functions return a multiplier that is applied to the supplied static thrust values. In aeromatic configurations these functions are tables based on sonic velocity and air density
|}

=== Notes ===
*Bypass ratio is used only to estimate engine acceleration time. The effect of bypass ratio on engine efficiency is already included in the TSFC value. Feel free to set this parameter (even for turbojets) to whatever value gives a desired spool-up rate. Default value is 0.
*The bleed factor is multiplied by thrust to give a resulting thrust after losses. This can represent losses due to bleed, or any other cause. Default value is 0. A common value would be 0.04.
*Nozzle position, for variable area exhaust nozzles, is provided for users needing to drive a nozzle gauge or animate a virtual nozzle.
*This model can only be used with the "direct" thruster. See the file: /engine/direct.xml
*TSFC=fuel consumption per hour/thrust
*There is a Java program here to calculate thrust vs airspeed and altitude. http://adg.stanford.edu/aa241/propulsion/engmodel.html<nowiki/>{{Dead link}}
* n1spinup and n2spinup are the rate (in %/sec) of increase below 25.8% N2, or until 15% if cutoff is false. These N% values can be manipulated by ignitionn1 and ignitionn2.
* acceleration between 25.8% N2 and Idle is at a preset rate of 2.0/%sec for M2, 1.4%/sec for N1. Can now be manipulated by n1startrate / n2startrate
* once running the acceleration is (90.0 / (BypassRatio + 3.0) ) per second
* ignitionn1 / ignitionn2 and n1startrate / n2startrate available from 2018.4+

== FGTurboprop ==
The turboprop engine

=== Configuration File Format ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<milthrust unit="{LBS | N}"> {number} </milthrust>
<idlen1> {number} </idlen1>
<idlen2> {number} </idlen2>
<maxn1> {number} </maxn1>
<maxn2> {number} </maxn2>

<betarangeend> {number} </betarangeend>
<reversemaxpower> {number} </reversemaxpower>
<maxpower> {number} </maxpower>
<psfc> {number} </psfc>
<n1idle_max_delay> {number} </n1idle_max_delay>
<maxstartingtime> {number} </maxstartingtime>
<startern1> {number} </startern1>
<ielumaxtorque> {number} </ielumaxtorque>
<itt_delay> {number} </itt_delay>

<table name="EnginePowerVC">
<description> Engine power, function of airspeed and pressure </description>
<independentVar lookup="row">atmosphere/P-sl-psf</independentVar>
<independentVar lookup="column">velocities/ve-kts</independentVar>
<tableData>
0 50 100 150 200 250
503 0.357 0.380 0.400 0.425 0.457 0.486
1048 0.586 0.589 0.600 0.621 0.650 0.686
1328 0.707 0.721 0.731 0.757 0.786 0.821
1496 0.779 0.786 0.808 0.821 0.857 0.900
1684 0.850 0.857 0.874 0.900 0.943 0.979
1896 0.914 0.929 0.946 0.971 1 1.057
2135 1 1.011 1.029 1.043 1.083 1.150
2213 1.029 1.043 1.057 1.079 1.114 1.171
</tableData>
</table>

<table name="EnginePowerRPM_N1" type="internal">
<description> Engine Power, function of RPM and N1 </description>
<tableData>
0 5 60 86 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101
0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
800 0 0.5 35 200 350 380 420 460 500 530 580 620
1200 0 0.5 30 230 400 430 470 505 550 590 640 680
1600 0 0.5 5 240 440 475 510 550 595 630 680 720
2000 0 0.1 0.1 225 450 495 525 565 610 650 700 745
2200 0 0.1 0.1 205 440 480 515 560 605 645 695 743
</tableData>
</table>

<table name="ITT_N1" type="internal">
<description> Inter-Turbine Temperature ITT [deg C] depending on N1 and engine run (0=off / 1=running) </description>
<tableData>
0 1
{n1 value} {number} {number}
...
{n1 value} {number} {number}
</tableData>
</table>

<table name="CombustionEfficiency_N1" type="internal">
<tableData>
{n1 value} {number}
...
{n1 value} {number}
</tableData>
</table>

</syntaxhighlight>

=== Parameter definitions ===
{| class="prettytable"
|milthrust
|[LBS]
|-
|idlen1
|[%]
|-
|maxn1
|[%]
|-
|betarangeend[%]
| if ThrottleCmd < betarangeend/100.0 then engine power=idle, propeller pitch is controled by ThrottleCmd (between MINPITCH and REVERSEPITCH).<br /> if ThrottleCmd > betarangeend/100.0 then engine power increases up to max reverse power reversemaxpower [%] max engine power in reverse mode
|-
|maxpower
| [HP]
|-
|psfc
| power specific fuel consumption [pph/HP] for N1=100%
|-
|n1idle_max_delay
|[-] time constant for N1 change
|-
|maxstartenginetime [sec]
| after this time the automatic starting cycle is interrupted when the engine doesn't start (0=automatic starting not present)
|-
|startern1
|[%] when starting starter spin up engine to this spin
|-
|ielumaxtorque [lb.ft]
|if torque>ielumaxtorque limiters decrease the throttle (ielu = Integrated Electronic Limiter Unit)
|-
|itt_delay
|[-] time constant for ITT change (ITT = Inter Turbine Temperature)
|-
|}

=== Starting the engine ===
Unlike [[YASim]], JSBSim simulates the startup of Turbine engines.

# Set the [[property]] <code>/controls/engines/engine[~n~]/starter</code> to <b>true</b>.
# JSBsim will begin to crank the engine spinning it up to around 5% N1, and about 25% N2.
# You can set the property <code>/engines/engine[~n~]/cutoff</code> to <b>true</b> at any point.
# If the engine is above 15% N2, and the cutoff property is set to true, JSBsim will introduce fuel to the engine, and the engine will spin up.
# <code>/engines/engine[~n~]/n1</code> will increase further until it stabilizes at the value which is defined in <code>idlen1</code> in the [{{fgaddon aircraft url|707|Engines/RCo12.xml|l=42}} engine definition file].
# [[Nasal]] can be used to automate this process, allowing any number of engine start simulations. Various JSBsim aircraft will do this differently, depending on how the real plane functions, and how the author implemented it.

== FGRocket ==
The rocket engine
=== Configuration File Format ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rocket_engine name="{string}">
<isp> {number} </isp>
<builduptime> {number} </builduptime>
<maxthrottle> {number} </maxthrottle>
<minthrottle> {number} </minthrottle>
<slfuelflowmax> {number} </slfuelflowmax>
<sloxiflowmax> {number} </sloxiflowmax>
<variation>
<thrust> {number} </thrust>
<total_isp> {number} </total_isp>
</variation>
<thrust_table name="propulsion/thrust_prop_remain" type="internal">
<tableData>
{number} {number}
...
{number} {number}
</tableData>
</thrust_table>
</rocket_engine>
</syntaxhighlight>

== FGElectric ==
Simple thrust producer. You enter the max power as <power unit="WATTS"> and the engine model produces throttle_setting*power watts of output.
* Enter the max power as <power unit="WATTS"> and the engine model produces throttle_setting*power watts of output.
=== Configuration File Format ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="xml">
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<electric_engine name="{string}">
<power unit="{HP | WATTS}"> {number} </power>
</electric_engine>
</syntaxhighlight>

=== Notes ===
FGElectric models an electric motor based on the configuration file <power> parameter. The throttle controls motor output linearly from zero to <power>. This power value (converted internally to horsepower) is then used by FGPropeller to apply torque to the propeller. At present there is no battery model available, so this motor does not consume any energy. There is no internal friction.

== Sources ==
* http://jsbsim.sourceforge.net/JSBSim/classJSBSim_1_1FGPiston.html
* http://jsbsim.sourceforge.net/JSBSim/classJSBSim_1_1FGTurbine.html
* http://jsbsim.sourceforge.net/JSBSim/classJSBSim_1_1FGTurboProp.html

{{JSBSim}}

MC-15 Cri-Cri/info

2024-03-19T18:47:48Z

D-ECHO: Correct aircraft/folder name

<includeonly>{{Infobox Aircraft|name=MC-15 Cri-Cri|hangar=fgaddon|type=Civil aircraft/Aerobatic aircraft/Light aircraft/Sport aircraft|config=Low wing aircraft/Tractor aircraft/Fixed gear aircraft/|propulsion=Twin-engine piston aircraft|manufacturer=Michel Colomban|author1=Bea Wolf (D-ECHO)|fdm=JSBSim|fgname=mc-15|aircraft=MC-15}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[MC-15 Cri-Cri]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

MC-15 Cri-Cri

2024-03-15T14:45:07Z

D-ECHO:

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
{{for|the [[:Category:Helijah hangar|Helijah hangar]] Cri-Cri|Colomban Cri-cri}}

Michel Colomban's '''MC-15 Cri-Cri''' is a tiny twin-engine piston aircraft seating one person.

===Status of the FlightGear Model===
The FlightGear model of this aircraft was started in early 2024 by [[User:D-ECHO|Bea Wolf (D-ECHO)]]. It's far from finished though flyable and featuring a quite well external and cockpit 3d model. If you would like to help, especially in the areas highlighted below, feel free to contact Bea via the Forum or Discord.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Area
!Status
|-
|3D Model
|Detailed Model based on the available Building Plans. Textures are still very basic and more liveries would also be nice ('''Help welcome''').
Some areas of complex shape aren't done yet (e.g. flaperon control joints, rudder cables + connections) and some parts that are individually accurate per-plan don't yet fit together too well.
A few parts aren't yet done, for example the fuel tank and fuel linings.
|-
|Instruments
|All (of the few) instruments typically found in real-life Cri-Cris are modelled and functional.
TinyTach RPM Indicators include operating hour recording functionality as per manual.<ref>[https://www.tinytach.com/pdf/Tiny2AInstructions11263.pdf TinyTach TT2A Instructions]</ref>
|-
|Flight Dynamics Model (FDM)
|Flyable, but very basic. '''Help welcome!'''
|-
|Systems
|
*Electrical System: {{Done}}
*Fuel System:{{Not done}}
*Engine System: Only very basically simulated. {{Progressbar|percentage=10}}
|-
|Additional Variants
|This aircraft also exists with Jet Engines<ref>[https://pilotweb.aero/aircraft/flight-tests/flight-test-colomban-jet-cri-cri-6303028/ "Flight test: Colomban Jet Cri-Cri" (Pilot Web Article)]</ref> as well as Electric Engines<ref>[http://www.rotexelectric.eu/portfolio-item/cri-cri/ Rotex Electric Portfolio: Cri-Cri Airplane Project]</ref><ref>[https://newatlas.com/eads-green-cri-test-flight-success/16245/?itm_source=newatlas&itm_medium=article-body Electric Green Cri takes to the skies (New Atlas)]</ref> - those variants aren't modelled yet but are planned for the future!
|}

==External Links==
There is extensive documentation and information available online.

The following is a short list of what is used as reference in the development of this aircraft:

* [https://archive.org/details/cri-cri-plane-plans/CriCri-Flight-Manual.pdf Flight Manual]
* [https://archive.org/details/cri-cri-plane-plans/MC15-Cri-Cri-Plans-Binder.pdf Building Plans]
* [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1O54KbAlsWvh_joA0b7MtiyEqoe3cjtCq Powerplant Information]
* [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1f_P60Sv3ynuu7brC0aeWQ0ZOepB6SPjU Info Pack]

<references />

MC-15 Cri-Cri

2024-03-15T14:44:13Z

D-ECHO: Add status, add disambiguation, add external links

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
{{for|the [[:Category:Helijah hangar|Helijah hangar]] Cri-Cri|Colomban Cri-cri}}

Michel Colomban's MC-15 Cri-Cri is a tiny twin-engine piston aircraft seating one person.

===Status of the FlightGear Model===
The FlightGear model of this aircraft was started in early 2024 by [[User:D-ECHO|Bea Wolf (D-ECHO)]]. It's far from finished though flyable and featuring a quite well external and cockpit 3d model. If you would like to help, especially in the areas highlighted below, feel free to contact Bea via the Forum or Discord.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Area
!Status
|-
|3D Model
|Detailed Model based on the available Building Plans. Textures are still very basic and more liveries would also be nice ('''Help welcome''').
Some areas of complex shape aren't done yet (e.g. flaperon control joints, rudder cables + connections) and some parts that are individually accurate per-plan don't yet fit together too well.
A few parts aren't yet done, for example the fuel tank and fuel linings.
|-
|Instruments
|All (of the few) instruments typically found in real-life Cri-Cris are modelled and functional.
TinyTach RPM Indicators include operating hour recording functionality as per manual.<ref>[https://www.tinytach.com/pdf/Tiny2AInstructions11263.pdf TinyTach TT2A Instructions]</ref>
|-
|Flight Dynamics Model (FDM)
|Flyable, but very basic. '''Help welcome!'''
|-
|Systems
|
*Electrical System: {{Done}}
*Fuel System:{{Not done}}
*Engine System: Only very basically simulated. {{Progressbar|percentage=10}}
|-
|Additional Variants
|This aircraft also exists with Jet Engines<ref>[https://pilotweb.aero/aircraft/flight-tests/flight-test-colomban-jet-cri-cri-6303028/ "Flight test: Colomban Jet Cri-Cri" (Pilot Web Article)]</ref> as well as Electric Engines<ref>[http://www.rotexelectric.eu/portfolio-item/cri-cri/ Rotex Electric Portfolio: Cri-Cri Airplane Project]</ref><ref>[https://newatlas.com/eads-green-cri-test-flight-success/16245/?itm_source=newatlas&itm_medium=article-body Electric Green Cri takes to the skies (New Atlas)]</ref> - those variants aren't modelled yet but are planned for the future!
|}

==External Links==
There is extensive documentation and information available online.

The following is a short list of what is used as reference in the development of this aircraft:

* [https://archive.org/details/cri-cri-plane-plans/CriCri-Flight-Manual.pdf Flight Manual]
* [https://archive.org/details/cri-cri-plane-plans/MC15-Cri-Cri-Plans-Binder.pdf Building Plans]
* [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1O54KbAlsWvh_joA0b7MtiyEqoe3cjtCq Powerplant Information]
* [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1f_P60Sv3ynuu7brC0aeWQ0ZOepB6SPjU Info Pack]

<references />

Colomban Cri-cri

2024-03-15T14:27:06Z

D-ECHO: added disambiguation

{{aero-stub}}
{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
{{for|D-ECHO's MC-15 Cri-Cri|MC-15 Cri-Cri}}
The '''Colomban Cri-cri''' (short for cricket) is the smallest twin-engined [[aircraft]] in the world.

== Aircraft help ==
{| class="keytable"
! Key
! Function
|-
|{{key press|d}}
|Canopy open/close command
|}

MC-15 Cri-Cri

2024-03-15T14:22:42Z

D-ECHO: Add page, WIP

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}

Michel Colomban's MC-15 Cri-Cri is a tiny twin-engine piston aircraft seating one person.

{{WIP}}

MC-15 Cri-Cri/info

2024-03-15T14:21:53Z

D-ECHO:

<includeonly>{{Infobox Aircraft|name=MC-15 Cri-Cri|hangar=fgaddon|type=Civil aircraft/Aerobatic aircraft/Light aircraft/Sport aircraft|config=Low wing aircraft/Tractor aircraft/Fixed gear aircraft/|propulsion=Twin-engine piston aircraft|manufacturer=Michel Colomban|author1=Bea Wolf (D-ECHO)|fdm=JSBSim|fgname=MC-15|aircraft=mc-15}}</includeonly><noinclude>
This is the aircraft infobox subpage of the [[MC-15 Cri-Cri]].
[[Category:Aircraft infobox documentation]]
</noinclude>

MC-15 Cri-Cri/info

2024-03-15T14:21:17Z

D-ECHO: Add infobox for MC-15

{{Infobox Aircraft|name=MC-15 Cri-Cri|hangar=fgaddon|type=Civil aircraft/Aerobatic aircraft/Light aircraft/Sport aircraft|config=Low wing aircraft/Tractor aircraft/Fixed gear aircraft/|propulsion=Twin-engine piston aircraft|manufacturer=Michel Colomban|author1=Bea Wolf (D-ECHO)|fdm=JSBSim|fgname=MC-15|aircraft=mc-15}}