Es/Nuevo en FlightGear

From wiki.flightgear.org

Nota algunas partes de este articulo no han sido actualizadas desde el 2008

Contents 1 Primeros Pasos 1.1 Conseguir FlightGear 1.2 Instalación en Windows 1.3 Instalación en Mac OS X 1.4 Conseguir Escenarios 1.5 Conseguir Aeronaves 1.6 Arrancar FlightGear 1.7 Mostrar las aeronaves disponibles 1.8 Elegir una Aeronave 1.9 Online Multiplayer Flying 1.10 Using the Keyboard and Mouse 1.11 First Time In the Cockpit 2 Making the First Flight 2.1 Flying Using Navigational Aids and the Autopilot 2.2 Airports and Navigation Aids 3 Getting Help 3.1 Chat 3.2 Email Discussion Group 3.3 Documents 4 Getting More Detailed Information 4.1 I do not want to compile FlightGear, what can I do? 4.2 Does FlightGear come with a printed manual? 5 How you can help 5.1 Testing 5.2 Debugging & Profiling 5.3 Support 5.4 Development

Primeros Pasos

Conseguir FlightGear

Debes descargar los ultimos archivos en la página de FlightGear Descargas Elije la fuente de archivos binarios apropiada para tu sistema en particular. O, dependiendo del nivel técnico de pericia deberas elejir la versión CVS si deseas trabajar con una versión de desarrollo de FlightGear. La versión CVS típicamente tiene más características y puede ser requerida por algunas aeronaves de último desarrollo, pero puede ser inestable y es más complicado de obtener e instalar.

Instalación en Windows

Despues de instalar Flightgear v1.9.0 en windows un cuadro de dialogo aparece para definir la ubicación de archivos.

La primera línea pregunta por el ejecutable de FlightGear. Usa el boton ver para navegar hasta la ubicación de fgfs.exe. (en la configuración por defecto este está en 'c:\Program Files\FlightGear\bin\win32\fgfs.exe')

La segunda línea pregunta por la ruta raíz de FlightGear. Usa el botón ver para navegar hasta el directorio Data o introduce la ubicación de el directorio 'data'. (en la configuración por defecto este está en 'c:\Program Files\FlightGear\data') Esto también poblará el cuadro de escenario.

Una vez has definido esos ajustes, la configuración continuará como se explica aquí.

Instalación en Mac OS X

Instalar FlightGear en Mac OS X es muy simple. Tan solo arrastra y suelta el icono de FlightGear icon en la carpeta /Applications. Y ya está. La primera vez que lanzes FlightGear hay un icono en el Dock que rebota varios segundos mientras carga las aeronaves y la información de aeropuertos.

Cuando aparezca el lanzador GUI, selecciona una aeronave y un aeropuerto haciendo click a los botones 'Gear' de la derecha de los nombres. Presionando "Start flight" se lanzará el simulador. Puedes configurar más opciones usando el lanzador GUI. Mira en http://macflightgear.sourceforge.net/home/documents/users-guide/ para más detalles.

Si quieres lanzar Flightgear usando la linea de comandos, lanza /Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app y teclea lo siguiente.

cd /Applications/FlightGear.app/Contents/Resources
./fgfs --options..... 

Los directorios $FG_ROOT y $FG_SCENERY no estan ajustados en Mac OS X. Si quieres especificar esas variables tu mismo usando la linea de comandos, ejecuta lo siguiente en la applicación de Terminal.app:

FG_ROOT=/Applications/FlightGear.app/Contents/Resources/data
FG_SCENERY=$FG_ROOT/Scenery

Después de ejecutar el lanzador GUI, tendrás los alias para $FG_ROOT y $HOME/Documents/Flightgear/<version> asi puedes visualizar la carpeta Data usando Finder.

Conseguir Escenarios

Con FlightGear viene instalado un limitado juego de escenarios, el cual consiste en los alrededores del área de KSFO.

En FlightGear,los escenarios están divididos en dos tipos de datos: Objetos y Terreno. Los objetos son los edifícios, puentes, torres de radio, etc que representan las estructuras tri-dimensionales. El terreno representa los contornos, las elevaciones y el tipo de terreno sobre el que vuelas. Todos los datos de objeto van en directorio Objetos y todos los datos de terreno van en el directorio Terrain. La ubicación del escenario y sus subdirectorios depende de tu instalación en particular.

Para descargar Objetos y Terrenos para FlightGear, ve al sitio web de FlightGear y navega a la página de Descargas. En esta página sigue el enlace para descargar escenarios desde el mapa. Escoje un bloque del mapa donde vayas a volar. Una vez se ha descargado el paquete, descomprimelo dentro de tu directorio de escenarios de FlightGear.

Los paquetes de escenario disponibles en el sitio web de FlightGear contienen tanto Objetos Como Terreno para las ubicaciones. Podrás obtener extras y más actualizaciones de Objetos de escenario según pasen a ser disponibles a través de la Base de Datos de Escenarios de FlightGear.

Más allá de esta perspectiva general hay información disponible en Instalar Escenarios y en Descargando un Nuevo Escenario de FlightGear para Windows XP

Conseguir Aeronaves

Para descargar individualmente Aeronaves adicionales para FlightGear , ve al sitio de red de FlightGear y navega en la página de Descargas, luego escoje [Descargas de Aeronaves http://www.flightgear.org/Downloads/aircraft/index.shtml]. Un archivo (posiblemente temporal) de todos las aeronaves disponibles desde 8/14/2006 está en: [FGaircraft_20060814.zip http://139.78.95.188/flightgear/FGaircraft_20060814.zip] (aprox 108 MB).

Una vez ha sido descargado el paquete de aeronaves, descomprime y extrae los archivos contenidos a tu computadora. Debes extraelos en una carpeta temporal y moverlos, o extraer directamente dentro del directorio de aeronaves "Aircraft" de FlightGear. Este esta típicamnete en

/ruta/de/flightgear/data/Aircraft

Mira también Instalar Aeronaves para más documentación.

Arrancar FlightGear

Muchos usuarios optan por arrancar FlightGear desde la linea de comandos ("consola" o "shell" como se conoce por usuarios de Unix). Alternativamente algunos usan interfases gráficas como Fgrun (Control de Lanzamiento de FlightGear).

Para iniciar FlightGear teclea en la linea de comandos:

fgfs

y pulsa entrar. Esto iniciará FlightGear.

Si FlightGear falla en el arranque, esto es como si el software binario compilado de FlightGear no estuviera en tu ruta. Si conoces Unix, deberás añadir la ubicación del binario a tu ruta e intentar arrancar de nuevo. Si no, deberás encontrar la ubicación del binario 'fgfs' e introducirle una ruta absoluta como

/usr/games/fgfs

La ubicación depende de tu sistema en particular y de las elecciones que haces durante la compilación e instalación.

Esto es importante de entender cuando no usas una interfaz gŕafica para arrancar FlightGear, tu interacción estará enteramente en la linea de comandos. Para ver aeronaves disponibles, especificas una opción en la línea de comandos. Para especificar una aeronave, un aeropuerto, servidor multijugador, etc. Añades una opción a la línea de comandos cuando arranca FlightGear. Por favor consulta la lista de Parametros de la Linea de Comandos. Los parametros tambien son útiles para aquellos que inicien FlightGear desde la interfaz gráfica de Control de Lanzamiento de FlightGear , asi como este te permite especificar parametros. Si estas usando FlightGear 1.0.0 esta lista deberá ser de ayuda FlightGear 1.0 nombres de aeronaves para la linea de comandos.

Mostrar las aeronaves disponibles

Desde la línea de comandos:

fgfs --show-aircraft

muestra una lista de aeronaves disponibles(instaladas). (Mira también en FlightGear 1.9.0 y/o en es:Tabla_de_Modelos)

Elegir una Aeronave

Desde la linea de comando:

fgfs --aircraft=foo

Donde foo es el nombre de la carpeta de archivos de aeronave existentes. Mira tambien en FlightGear 1.0 aircraft names for command line y/o Command Line Parameters)

Online Multiplayer Flying

See Howto: Multiplayer for the main article about this subject.

Using the Keyboard and Mouse

Users with limited access to a joystick or other controllers sometimes use the keyboard or mouse to control their aircraft. Using the keyboard to fly can be difficult and the mouse is recommended over the keyboard. Other adjustments may be made with the keyboard.

To get help with keyboard commands, with FlightGear running, go to the Help menu, look under Basic Keys (for simulator related commands) and Common Aircraft Keys (for commands universal to all aircraft) and Aircraft Help for key commands specific to your aircraft. A chart displaying what each key does will display.

To use the mouse to fly the aircraft, right click and move the mouse to direct the aircraft, right click again to look around, click again to return to normal.

First Time In the Cockpit

Finding your way around the cockpit can be daunting the first time.

Where is the 'virtual cockpit?' Not all FlightGear aircraft come with an interior, including a virtual cockpit. (Due to FlightGear being used by various research projects, some aircraft may not even come with an exterior model. Remember, FlightGear is very flexible.) A 2D panel may display over the 3d cockpit if one exists. You may turn this off using the View menu. Otherwise, you should be sitting in the virtual cockpit when FlightGear starts, as long as the Cockpit View is selected.

You may find it difficult to read some of the displays, dials and gauges on the instrument panel. Use the Zoom keys to zoom in on an instrument. The 'x' and Shift-X keys control eyepoint zoom in the Cockpit View. Use the joystick hat (or other controller assigned to this function) to pan the eyepoint to the instrument you wish to read. Then zoom in.

Alternate Method: Click the right mouse button until you get a cursor with two arrows (like this <=>). You can now move your view around the cockpit. Press 'x' and Shift-X to zoom in and out.

Note: Some functions, such as starter or magneto, may be difficult to use or lack "hotspots" to control with your mouse. Especially when flying an aircraft model that is still undergoing development. In this case, look for equivalent controls on a 2D panel or resort to the keyboard. The keyboard controls always work according to the assignments listed on the Help Menu (unless reassigned by an aircraft or configuration). Go to the main window menu, click Help, then click Basic Keys or Common Aircraft Keys.

One of the first steps I take on entering an unfamiliar cockpit is to press Ctrl-C to highlight all the "hotspots" on the 3d cockpit instrument panel. This enables you to easily see where to place the mouse to operate an instrument's controls, buttons, knobs, etc.

Many aircraft offer a help menu specific to that aircraft on the Aircraft Help menu (go to Help, then Aircraft Help.

Making the First Flight

One of the most frequent questions novice pilots ask about any flight sim, but more so to FlightGear, is "why is my aircraft turning left all the time?" Although it could be due to wind gusts crossing the runway, it is more likely due to the increased realism FlightGear provides. In a certain other flight simulator, some settings are turned down to make the aircraft easier to fly. This reduces effects such as propeller torque and p-factor, which may be the cause of the tendency to turn to the left (to figure out which effect, you may read more in Understanding Propeller Torque and P-Factor ).

Despite marketing slogans to the contrary, some flight simulators are aimed at a casual game player market, and ship with their "realism" turned down. The realism is always turned up in FlightGear.

FlightGear offers a great deal of realism, which may be confusing to first time pilots.

• "Left Turning Syndrome" for the previously mentioned reasons.

• Compass Turning Error: A compass, when subjected to the forces of flight, tends to turn in the opposite direction for a brief period before settling on the correct heading. This is not a malfunction.

• The Vertical Speed Indicator is also subject to error.

• The Horizontal Situation Indicator is driven by a gyroscope (that is why it's sometimes called a Directional Gyroscope), which is subject to a phenomenon called gyro drift. For a number of reasons, the gyro will drift from its current heading and must be periodically (about every 15 minutes) calibrated to agree with the magnetic compass heading.

Many forces act on an aircraft in flight as well as on the instruments and systems used for control and navigation, and may be counter-intuitive. Pilots must learn to recognize these phenomena and compensate for their effects. FlightGear models instrument errors that exist in the real world.

Flying Using Navigational Aids and the Autopilot

To make this very clear for new users: Some aircraft require you to use the autopilot available from the Autopilot menu, which is the original FlightGear autopilot. This is a generic autopilot and as such, many aircraft come with their own specific autopilot, frequently a model of the real life one. For aircraft that provide their own autopilot in the cockpit, you must use the autopilot controls available in the virtual cockpit. This means clicking on the instrument panel in the virtual cockpit. The Autopilot menu will be grayed out and unavailable when the aircraft supplies its own autopilot (generally).

FlightGear, as of version 0.9.9, comes with a "built-in" autopilot. The Autopilot dialog accessible from the FlightGear toolbar in the main FlightGear window _does not work with all aircraft_. It only works with aircraft that a) do not specify an autopilot, or b) aircraft that use the default autopilot. When an aircraft does not specify an autopilot, the default is used.

For aircraft that supply their own autopilot, you must use the autopilot controls in the 2D or virtual cockpit. The Cessna comes with a KAP140 autopilot in its virtual cockpit. You _cannot use_ the Autopilot dialog with this aircraft. It has no effect. You must use the autopilot device in the panel.

For help with navigation see Understanding Navigation

Airports and Navigation Aids

When you first start FlightGear, whether from the command line or the graphical interface, you may wonder how to determine what airports are available. Fgrun displays a list of airports, but you will not see details such as Tower or ILS frequencies. You will not find a map showing VORs and their frequencies. Short of finding an actual sectional map for the area you wish to fly, what can you do?

Google Maps and The FlightGear Online Map for multiplayers are both good resources as well as the FlightGear Community Flight Planner.

Getting Help

Chat

The quickest way to get help with Flight Gear is to join in the chat room FlightGear IRC channel.

Email Discussion Group

The documentation for Flight Gear is sketchy and undergoing constant change as new features are developed. This makes chat the best place to find answers to problems getting FlightGear to run.

Documents

The ways for _users_ to get help with FlightGear are:

• Documents bundled with the release package.
• FlightGear IRC channel.
• FlightGear users mailing list.

Getting More Detailed Information

This page is designed to give the user the essential things they need to know about using FG for the first time.

You now know enough to get started with FlightGear. To learn more, you may wish to start at the main page of this wiki and read the more detailed Getting Started section, or Using FlightGear section or study the Flying Resources to learn more about flight instruments and how to navigate and fly your aircraft.

Also, note that those using the CVS version of FlightGear may choose to update their aircraft files through the CVS system.

The following are some issues raised by new users of FlightGear. More detailed troubleshooting and answers can be found in Troubleshooting Problems and the FAQ.

I do not want to compile FlightGear, what can I do?

http://www.flightgear.org/Downloads/

offers precompiled binaries for download and install on a variety of systems. Current platforms are Windows, Linux, Solaris, SGI, Mac OSX and FreeBSD. These are offered as a convienence and availablility may vary at times.

Note: FlightGear is highly configurable through editable XML files. You are free, and encouraged to, make changes to aircraft flight models and any other feature you wish to change for your personal satisfaction or to share with other FlightGear users. The flight model is not defined in a binary file. It is easy to modify (given enough knowledge). Although the install is binary, most of FlightGear's system is open to configuration through XML files and NASAL scripting.

Does FlightGear come with a printed manual?

You are invited to read "The Manual" online as HTML or download a PDF for viewing with Acrobar Reader or printing.

"The Manual" is not always up to date with recent developments but provides a good start for beginners.

How you can help

See Volunteer for the main article about this subject.

Testing

• Build the latest CVS code or download snapshots (link)
• File Bug Reports

Debugging & Profiling

• Running FlightGear via valgrind to track down memory leaks

Support

• Help new users with downloading, compiling, installing and running FlightGear (http://www.flightgear.org/forums or on IRC)
• Provide Ideas & Suggestions, see: Feature Requests / Proposals / Ideas
• help clean up this wiki
• help provide new contents for missing wiki pages

Development

• Writing documentation! Everyone is welcome to contribute to "The Manual"; having at least a little experience with LaTeX makes the task easier. Please contact the authors of The Manual if you would like to add corrections or whole chapters, you may also simply use this wiki to contribute fixes, modifications and new contents.
• C/C++ Coding:
  • provide source code cleanups (i.e. help in the process of migrating over to a primarily smart pointer-based memory management approach using SGSharedPtr)
  • provide bug fixes Bugs
  • provide enhanced features Feature Requests / Proposals / Ideas
  • provide new features
  • get involved in any of the other FlightGear-affiliated projects
• Aircraft development (3D modelling, textures, FDMs, scripting)
• Scenery development