Aerodynamics
From wiki.flightgear.org
OBJECTIVE: To develop the student’s understanding of aerodynamics and how those forces affect the airplane both on the ground and in the air.
ELEMENTS:
A. Lift, weight, thrust and Drag. B. Angle of attack and lift. C. The airplane in straight and level flight. D. Factors affecting lift and Drag.
SCHEDULE: Introduction: 5 Minutes Development: 20 minutes Conclusion: 5 Minutes Student Quiz: 10 Minutes Total Time: 30 Minutes
EQUIPMENT: White board with markers.
INSTRUCTOR’S ACTIONS: A. Prepare classroom. B. Discuss principles of aerodynamics C. Answer question D. Administer and grade student quiz
STUDENT’S ACTIONS: A. Read Ch 1 PHAK. B. Ask questions. C. Pass quiz.
COMPLETION STANDARDS: Student correctly answers 70% of questions on quiz on aerodynamics.
Introduction: To develop the student's accuracy, judgment, planning, technique, and confidence in an emergency descent.
A. Lesson Requirements:
1. Task: Describe the factors influencing an aircraft in flight.
2. Condition: Given a current PHAK in a classroom setting.
3. Standard: Correctly answer 14 of 20 questions on aerodynamics.
B. ELO 1: Identify the four forces affecting an aircraft in flight.
1. Lift
2. Gravity
3. Thrust
4. Drag
C. ELO 2: Demonstrate an understanding of key terms in relationship to aerodynamics
1. Acceleration
2. Airfoil
3. Angle of attack
4. Angle of incidence
5. Camber
6. Chord
7. Relative wind
D. ELO 3: Describe how Bernoulli’s principle and Newton’s second law of motion affect lift.
1. Bernoulli’s principle fluids moving at a faster rate have a lower pressure. Air above the wing has a lower pressure than air below the wing.
2. For every action the is an equal and opposite reaction, wind pushes against the wing causing the wing to push upward.
E. ELO 5: Describe the various types of drag and how each of them affect the airplane in a given situation.
F. ELO 6: Describe the factors that directly affect both lift and drag on a particular airplane and how manufacturers work to maximize lift while minimizing drag.
1. Wing Area
2. Airfoil Shape
3. Wing Design
4. Airspeed
5. Air Density
Quiz
1. What are the four forces that affect every airplane in flight?
2. What determines a wing’s angle of attack?
3. What determines a wing’s angle of incidence?
4. What determines a wing’s camber?
5. What is relative wind?
6. Explain how Bernoulli’s Principle generates lift on an airfoil.
7. Explain how Newton’s Third Law of Motion helps an airfoil generate lift.
8. What is meant by the center of lift?
9. What is meant by the center of gravity?
10. What are the two types of drag an airplane experiences?
11. What is L/D Max and why is it important?
12. What is form drag?
13. How does angle of attack affect lift?
14. What is meant by critical angle?
15. What can be done to cause an airplane to generate more lift?
16. What happens to drag as airspeed increased?
17. What effect does high humidity have on density altitude?
18. What effect will a high density altitude have on a given airplane’s take off roll?
19. Name two ways aircraft manufacturers design favorable stall characteristics into an airfoil.
20. In a turn, which wing is actually producing less lift?
