Piper J3 Cub: Difference between revisions

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{{mergefrom|Piper J3 Cub Operations Manual}}
{{:{{PAGENAME}}/info}}
{{infobox Aircraft
The '''Piper J-3 Cub''' is a small, simple, light [[aircraft]] that was built between 1937 and 1947 by [[:Category:Piper|Piper Aircraft]]. With tandem (fore and aft) seating, it was intended for flight training but became one of the most popular and best-known light aircraft of all time. The Cub's simplicity, affordability and popularity invokes comparisons to the Ford Model T automobile.
|image =Piper_j3cub.jpg
|name =Piper J3 Cub
|type =Civilian aircraft
|fdm = [[YASim]]
|status =
|authors =David Megginson (3D, FDM), Jim Wilson (Instruments)
}}
The Piper J-3 Cub is a small, simple, light aircraft that was built between 1937 and 1947 by Piper Aircraft. With tandem (fore and aft) seating, it was intended for flight training but became one of the most popular and best-known light aircraft of all time. The Cub's simplicity, affordability and popularity invokes comparisons to the Ford Model T automobile.


The aircraft's standard yellow paint has come to be known as “Cub Yellow” or "Lock Haven Yellow".
The aircraft's standard yellow paint has come to be known as “Cub Yellow” or "Lock Haven Yellow".


==Aircraft help==
== Aircraft help ==
===Controls===
[[File:172P 06.jpg|300px]]
{| class="prettytable"
=== Controls ===
!Key
{| class="keytable"
!Function
! Key
! Function
|-
|-
|d
| {{key press|d}}
|Open/Close Door
| Open/Close door
|-
| {{key press|s}}
| Start engine
|-
| {{key press|Ctrl|o}}
| Start/Stop aerotowing
|}
|}
===Manual===
'''''This section contains material which is suspected of not complying to the GPL Licence version 2. This material is subject to removal.'''''


[This information is copied from the 1946 J3C-65 owner's handbook.]
=== Manual ===
This section originally contained material which was suspected of not complying with the GPL and was removed.


The Piper Cub Special represents more than 15 years of diligent
The original Cub manual may be found by searching for "how to fly a Piper Cub" on the net. This link should also work - http://www.paragonair.com/N/70497/FLY_A_CUB.pdf
aircraft engineering and manufacturing experience.  Its simplicity of
design and construction, its low operating and maintenance costs, its
inherent stability, ruggedness, and its outstanding safety and ease of
flying, have made it the most popular airplane in aviation history.
The Piper Cub Special is the time-tested product of millions of hours
of flying under all conceivable conditions both in the military and in
peace time.


There are hints on starting, flying, stopping, and other related
=== Pilot Check List ===
topics that are important to the owner who wants to conserve his
==== Pre start ====
airplane -- keep it in maximum airworthy condition -- and enjoy a full
# Chocks on
measure of flying satisfaction.
# Check fuel quantity
# Check controls movements


==== Start ====
# Switch fuel on
# Check magneto off
# Swing prop
# Switch magneto to both
# Swing prop
# Chocks away
# Check oil pressure
# Check door close
# S-taxi to runway


First, each pilot should become familiar enough with his Piper Cub
==== Take off ====
Special that he can accomplish a satisfactory pre-flight inspection.
# Check all clear
This check is simple and requires only a few minutes.  See Section IX
# Throttle to 1400 rpm
for check list.  Daily check of airplane prior to flight should be the
# Check tachometer
first in a number of safe flying habits the pilot should acquire.
# Ease throttle forward
# At 100 feet ease tail up
# Stick to neutral
# Stick back pressure to 10 feet altitude
# Stick neutral again
# Climb
# Fly


==== Landing ====
# Prepare to land
# Ease throttle back
# Check carb heater
# Glide to runway
# Clear engine with throttle
# At 15 feet back pressure
# At 2 feet stick all way back
# No need to brake
# S-taxi
# Switch magneto off


A. '''BEFORE STARTING ENGINE'''
=== Flying ===


(1) Make routine check of gasoline supply.  Visible fuel gauge is
FG 2.4 Default aircraft --aicraft=Cub
integral part of gas tank cap; it will not show number of gallons but
will show proportion of fuel in tank by length of rod which extends
upward from cap.  A full tank of 12 U.S. gallons will be indicated by
11 inches of rod extending beyond cap.  Keep gas gauge rod clean and
smooth with crocus cloth for accuracy and freedom of movement.


(2) Check oil level in engine sump by removing oil cap and gaugeOil
Having been familiar with the Piper cub model in earlier versions of FG, I was pleasantly surprised by the improvement in detailOverall the model seemed more accurate and the cockpit was especially pleasing.
stick should indicate oil level up to index mark of 4 quarts.


(3) Check freedom of movement of flight and engine controls.
The aircraft starts with the engine ticking over, so increasing the throttle, rudder has to be used to keep the aircraft straight, but this brings the left wing low, and attempting to correct this immediately lifts the aircraft off in a second. Climb is good, and visibility is very good, enhanced by the view of the high definition model of the tire sticking out as seem from the cockpit.  


An easy aircraft to fly, the instruments, although as clear as any, take some getting used to, but then we are flying VFR. The RPM reads right to left, and there is an ASI, altimeter but no VSI at all. There are no radios or other electrical encumbrances.


B. '''STARTING ENGINE'''
Landing was particularly easy, slowing down to 50 kt or so, and landing on the grass outside of KSFO which undoubtedly will not be permitted in real life.


(1) Chock wheels, or have occupant who is familiar with controls set
Probably the original LSA, the Cub will  probably never lose its charm, and is well worth checking out.  
brakes in cabin.


(2) Ignition switch OFF.  Verify.
--[[User:Openflight|Openflight]] ([[User talk:Openflight|talk]]) 00:42, 8 February 2014 (UTC)


(3) Set throttle approximately 1/10 open.
=== Aerotowing ===
The J3Cub is capable of  [[Howto: Do aerotow over the net|aerotowing over multiplayer]] by the glider pilot pressing {{key press|Ctrl|o}} while behind the Cub.
The Cub pilot can release the hook anytime by pressing {{key press|Shift|O}}


(4) Push fuel shut-off ON.
== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
 
The aircraft was fully remodelled in April 2010 and made available as the Cub. The original low resolution model is still available as the Piper J3 Cub in FGFS version 1.9.1 and older.
(5) Turn propeller through several times.
 
(6) Turn ignition switch ON.
 
(7) Start engine by pulling propeller through with a snap.
 
CAUTION -- Always handle propeller as if switch were "ON."  Stand as
far in front of propeller as possible.  Use both hands and grasp one
blad approximately midway from tip.  Do not overgrasp blade.  Do not
wear long, loose clothing.  Make sure footing is sure to preclude
possibility of feet slipping.
 
(8) If engine does not start, turn switch OFF.  Turn primer knob to
unlock, pull out, pump three or four times, then reseat primer and
lock by turning in opposite direction.  In extremely cold weather a
few strokes of the primer as the engine starts will enable it to keep
running. NOTE -- Avoid excessive priming as it causes raw gasoline to
wash lubricating oil from engine cylinder walls.  Do not prime warm
engine.
 
(9) Repeat starting procedures 6, 7.
 
(10) If engine loads up and refuses to start, turn ignition switch
"OFF,", open throttle wide and turn propeller through backwards
several times to unload excessive gas mixture in cylinders.  Then
close throttle and repeat starting procedure.
 
 
C. '''ENGINE WARM-UP'''
 
(1) As soon as engine starts, advance throttle slightly to idle at 700
R.P.M.  Check engine instruments.  If oil pressure gauge does not
indicate pressure within 30 seconds, stop engine immediately, check
and correct trouble before any further operation.  Oil temperature
during operating should not rise above 200° F. and oil pressure should
not fall below 30 pounds.  With engine warm, idling speed should be
550-600 R.P.M.
 
(2) Rev engine up to 2100 R.P.M. on both magnetos.  Switch to LEFT and
RIGHT magnetos.  R.P.M. drop should not be over 75 R.P.M.  CAUTION
--Do not operate engine on either single magneto for more than 30
seconds at a time, as this tends to foul the non-operating spark plugs
in the ignition circuit of the magneto that is switched off.
 
 
D. '''STOPPING ENGINE'''
 
(1) Never cut switch immediately after landing as this causes engine
to cool too rapidly.
 
(2) Idle engine, especially in high temperature operating conditions,
for several minutes. It is advisable to switch to each magneto for 30
second intervals to allow gradual cooling of engine.  This helps to
prevent overheating of spark plug insulators and will lessen tendency
for "after-firing."
 
(3) Check for carburetor heat OFF during idling.
 
 
E. '''TAXIING'''
 
(1) Open throttle to start airplane in motion; then close throttle to
a setting sufficient to keep airplane rolling.  Do not keep throttle
advanced so that it is necessary to control taxi speed of airplane
with brakes.  This causes unnecessary wear and tear on brakes and
tires.


(2) Taxi slowly (speed of a fast walk) controlling direction with
=== Liveries ===
rudder which is connected to a steerable tail wheel.  Use brakes only
As of 6/2015, a livery system and three new liveries have been added.
for positive, precision ground control when necessary.


(3) Taxi upwind with stick back; downwind with stick foreward.  When
=== 3D Cockpit ===
ground winds are in excess of 15 M.P.H., turn into wind using ailerons
* No switches and levers available
in direction of turn; apply ailerons away from the turn when turning
downwind.  This procedure helps to prevent the wind "picking up" a
wing during windy, gusty conditions.  Always make ground turns slowly.
 
 
F. '''GENERAL FLYING'''
 
(1) For takeoff use full throttle, heading into wind.  Airplane loaded
will become airborne at approximately 39 M.P.H.  Best climb speed is
an indicated 55 M.P.H.
 
(2) Indicated R.P.M. for cruising speed of 73 M.P.H. is 2150.
Take-off R.P.M. is 2300.  Do not fly at full throttle over 3 minutes.
 
(3) Use CARBURETOR AIR HEAT when engine runs "rough" and tachometer
shows drop in R.P.M. which may be due to ice forming in carburetor.
Tachometer should recover to within 50 R.P.M. below normal when using
carburetor heat.  Push heater to "OFF" position, and if icing
condition has been cleared, R.P.M. should return to normal.  Continued
use of carburetor heat will only cause increased fuel consumption and
loss of power.
 
(4) Maximum permissible diving speed is 122 M.P.H.
 
 
G. '''APPROACH AND LANDING'''
 
(1) Push carburetor heat ON prior to throttling back for glide, or for
any other flight maneuver.
 
(2) Glide between 50-60 M.P.H. depending upon loading of airplane and
gust conditions.
 
NOTE -- "Clear" engine by opening throttle gently, every 200-250 feet
of descent during a long glide so that engine temperature will be
maintained.
 
Throttle action on the part of the pilot should be smooth and gentle
at all times.
 
 
H. '''PARKING AND MOORING'''
 
(1) After termination of flight, enter flying time in aircraft and
engine log books.
 
(2) Turn ignition and fuel OFF.
 
(3) Chock the wheels of airplane.
 
(4) If airplane is not to be flown for some time, it should be
hangared or tied down.  Use good quality 1/2" - 5/8" diameter rope.
Secure to lift assist handle at aft end of fuselage; also at upper end
of both front wing lift struts where they attach to wing.  Make sure
that rope passes between aileron cable and lift strut.  Mooring ropes,
when airplane is tied down, should have no slack.
 
(5) Lock aileron and elevator controls by wrapping front seat belt
completely around rear control stick, tighten and buckle.
 
(6) Under excessively wind conditions, airplane should be tailed into
wind for mooring.
===Aerotowing===
The J3Cub is capable of [[Howto:_Do_aerotow_over_the_net | Aerotowing]] over multiplayer by the glider pilot pressing Ctrl-o while behind the Cub.
== Development status/Issues/Todo ==
'''Outside:'''
* no pilot present in cockpit -
* aircraft has no shadow
 
'''3D Cockpit:'''
* no rudder control pedals visible
* no switches and levers available
* no elevator trim control available
* Altimeter can't be adjusted with the mouse
* Altimeter can't be adjusted with the mouse
* cockpit is not textured
* While an inclinometer (slip/skid bubble) is optional in a J3 Cub, it's highly recommended, since we can't feel uncoordinated flight through the seats of our pants in FlightGear (it's right under the mag compass in [https://i.pinimg.com/originals/75/2a/a4/752aa4b07f3b6d43ca10e9fb6b703c61.jpg this photo])
* no pilot present in cockpit


'''General:'''
=== General ===
* engine sound in cockpit does not differ from outside engine sound
* Engine sound in cockpit differs only slightly from outside engine sound


'''Non-bugs:'''
=== Non-bugs ===
* pilot door is open and partly in the the wing rods. - This is accurate, and how the J3 can be flown
* Pilot door is open and partly in the the wing rods - this is accurate, and how the J3 can be flown
* does this airplane has flaps? - No
* Does this airplane have flaps? - no
* No electrical system, therefore no cockpit, intrument, or aircraft lights
* No electrical system, therefore no cockpit, instrument, or aircraft lights - but there is an engine start to make it easy
* No HUD.
* No HUD
 
== Related content ==
* [[Piper J3 Cub Operations Manual]]
 
=== Related lists ===
* [[Aircraft]]
* [[Aircraft Todo]]


{{Piper}}
{{Piper}}
[[Category:Aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft TODO]]
[[Category:Civilian aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 12:52, 26 April 2021

Piper J-3 Cub
FGAddon
Piper j3cub.jpg
Piper Cub cockpit in version 2.4
Piper Cub cockpit in version 2.4
Type Civil aircraft, Civil utility aircraft, Military utility aircraft aircraft, Glider tug
Configuration High wing aircraft
Propulsion Propeller aircraft, Single-engine aircraft
Manufacturer Piper
Author(s)
  • David Megginson (3D, FDM)
  • Jim Wilson (Instruments)
  • Don Lavelle (3D remodel, instrument mods, pilot mods, effects, livery)
FDM YASim, JSBSim
--aircraft= Cub (YASim)
J3Cub (JSBSim)
Status advanced production
Development
 Website The website for the Piper J-3 Cub developments.
 Repository The development repository of the Piper J-3 Cub.
Download Download the Piper J-3 Cub aircraft package for the current stable release (2020.3).
License GPLv3+
This aircraft is NOT available under the GNU GPL 2, the primary license of the FlightGear project. This means that parts cannot be reused in the official FlightGear repositories.

The Piper J-3 Cub is a small, simple, light aircraft that was built between 1937 and 1947 by Piper Aircraft. With tandem (fore and aft) seating, it was intended for flight training but became one of the most popular and best-known light aircraft of all time. The Cub's simplicity, affordability and popularity invokes comparisons to the Ford Model T automobile.

The aircraft's standard yellow paint has come to be known as “Cub Yellow” or "Lock Haven Yellow".

Aircraft help

172P 06.jpg

Controls

Key Function
d Open/Close door
s Start engine
Ctrl+o Start/Stop aerotowing

Manual

This section originally contained material which was suspected of not complying with the GPL and was removed.

The original Cub manual may be found by searching for "how to fly a Piper Cub" on the net. This link should also work - http://www.paragonair.com/N/70497/FLY_A_CUB.pdf

Pilot Check List

Pre start

  1. Chocks on
  2. Check fuel quantity
  3. Check controls movements

Start

  1. Switch fuel on
  2. Check magneto off
  3. Swing prop
  4. Switch magneto to both
  5. Swing prop
  6. Chocks away
  7. Check oil pressure
  8. Check door close
  9. S-taxi to runway

Take off

  1. Check all clear
  2. Throttle to 1400 rpm
  3. Check tachometer
  4. Ease throttle forward
  5. At 100 feet ease tail up
  6. Stick to neutral
  7. Stick back pressure to 10 feet altitude
  8. Stick neutral again
  9. Climb
  10. Fly

Landing

  1. Prepare to land
  2. Ease throttle back
  3. Check carb heater
  4. Glide to runway
  5. Clear engine with throttle
  6. At 15 feet back pressure
  7. At 2 feet stick all way back
  8. No need to brake
  9. S-taxi
  10. Switch magneto off

Flying

FG 2.4 Default aircraft --aicraft=Cub

Having been familiar with the Piper cub model in earlier versions of FG, I was pleasantly surprised by the improvement in detail. Overall the model seemed more accurate and the cockpit was especially pleasing.

The aircraft starts with the engine ticking over, so increasing the throttle, rudder has to be used to keep the aircraft straight, but this brings the left wing low, and attempting to correct this immediately lifts the aircraft off in a second. Climb is good, and visibility is very good, enhanced by the view of the high definition model of the tire sticking out as seem from the cockpit.

An easy aircraft to fly, the instruments, although as clear as any, take some getting used to, but then we are flying VFR. The RPM reads right to left, and there is an ASI, altimeter but no VSI at all. There are no radios or other electrical encumbrances.

Landing was particularly easy, slowing down to 50 kt or so, and landing on the grass outside of KSFO which undoubtedly will not be permitted in real life.

Probably the original LSA, the Cub will probably never lose its charm, and is well worth checking out.

--Openflight (talk) 00:42, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

Aerotowing

The J3Cub is capable of aerotowing over multiplayer by the glider pilot pressing Ctrl+o while behind the Cub. The Cub pilot can release the hook anytime by pressing Shift+O

Development status/Issues/Todo

The aircraft was fully remodelled in April 2010 and made available as the Cub. The original low resolution model is still available as the Piper J3 Cub in FGFS version 1.9.1 and older.

Liveries

As of 6/2015, a livery system and three new liveries have been added.

3D Cockpit

  • No switches and levers available
  • Altimeter can't be adjusted with the mouse
  • While an inclinometer (slip/skid bubble) is optional in a J3 Cub, it's highly recommended, since we can't feel uncoordinated flight through the seats of our pants in FlightGear (it's right under the mag compass in this photo)

General

  • Engine sound in cockpit differs only slightly from outside engine sound

Non-bugs

  • Pilot door is open and partly in the the wing rods - this is accurate, and how the J3 can be flown
  • Does this airplane have flaps? - no
  • No electrical system, therefore no cockpit, instrument, or aircraft lights - but there is an engine start to make it easy
  • No HUD