Howto:Make nice screenshots: Difference between revisions

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In this [[:Category:Howto|howto]] I will explain how to make nice screenshots in [[FlightGear]]. This is helpfull for those who want to advertise FGFS on other sim-related forums or on booths around the world.
In this [[:Category:Howto|howto]] I will explain how to make nice screenshots in [[FlightGear]]. This is helpful for those who want to advertise FGFS on other sim-related forums or on booths around the world.


===Basics to know===
Good pictures:
* They appeal to us in some way, by telling a story, revealing something unexpected, or showing an interesting point of view.
* They encourage us to look at them for more than just a second, searching for more details.  A good screen-shot can invite us to think about how it was made, maybe even inspire us to create images of our own.
* The best screen-shots are technically correct, the lighting and colors are right, and the composition is good.


== Qualitity ==
The part of How to composite a picture is difficult to explain - so instead I suggest you to read tutorials and explanations given on many websites on the web like this one : [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts) Composition (visual arts)].
Good pictures appeal to us in some way, by telling a story, revealing something unexpected, or showing an interesting point of view.
Good pictures encourage us to look at them for more than just a second, searching for more details.  A good screen-shot can invite us to think about how it was made, maybe even inspire us to create images of our own.


The best screen-shots are technically correct, the lighting and colors are right, and the composition is good. It's difficult to explain exactly how to compose a picture, but there are many tutorials and explanations on the web, such as  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)) Composition_(visual_arts].
== Quality ==
A good virtual picture needs a good quality. That means:
* Use of AntiAliasing (AA)
* Appealing/true colors
* Size of the picture- not too small, not to big
* No Gui/Menu/FrameRateCounter etc. visible
* Full effects


Screen-shot quality includes:
This means you need a decent computer with middle - good specs. At least you should able to run FGFS with fluent fps with high AA-settings.  
*use of AntiAliasing (AA)
Some people don't have this, so there is another solution proposed by Melchior Franz : [http://www.opensubscriber.com/message/flightgear-devel@lists.sourceforge.net/8196594.html].
*appealing/true colors
*size of the picture- not too small, not to big
*no Gui/Menu/FrameRateCounter etc. visible
*full effects
 
This means you need a computer with decent specs. At least you should able to run FGFS with fluent fps with high AA-settings.  
Some people don't have this, so there is another solution proposed by Melchior Franz:[http://www.opensubscriber.com/message/flightgear-devel@lists.sourceforge.net/8196594.html].


== How to get some unusual/ interesting views ==
== How to get some unusual/ interesting views ==
To get some ideas, I suggest to look on the many aircraft image pages around the web like [http://www.airliners.net Airliners.net]. It will give you some ideas.  
To get some ideas, I suggest to look on the aircraft picture pages around the web like [http://www.airliners.net Airliners.net]. It will give you some ideas.  


===Air to Air===
===Air to Air===
* '''Helicopter View:''' This assumes that you are in a virtual, not visible helicopter beside the aircraft. You are alway flying level. With the mouse you can choose the position of the "helicopter"
* '''Helicopter View:''' This assumes that you are in a virtual, not visible helicopter besides the aircraft. You are always flying level. With the mouse you can choose the position of the "helicopter".
* '''Chase View:''' This assumes you are chasing the aircraft. It is very similar to the first one.  
* '''Chase View:''' This assumes you are chasing the aircraft. It is very similar to the first one.  
* '''Chase View with yaw:''' also chasing the aircraft, but the virtual camera doesn't turn with the aircraft.  
* '''Chase View with yaw:''' Also chasing the aircraft, but the virtual camera doesn't turn with the aircraft.  
Try and switch between them to see what you more like. (I prefer Chase view). Play with position of the camera. As an example if the aircraft is turning and banking make shot from the wing to the aircraft to the ground. Or while approaching the rwy from behind the aircraft.
Try switching between them to see what you like more(I prefer Chase view). Playing around with position of the camera will help too. As an example if the aircraft is turning and banking, make a shot from the wing to the aircraft facing the ground. Or while approaching the runway, a shot from behind the aircraft would be good.


===Ground to Air===
===Ground to Air===
[[Image:Wiki PlaceTower.jpg|thumb|270px|Setting the Tower on top of the mountain looking down to the airport with the PlaceTower.xml]]
[[Image:Wiki PlaceTower.jpg|thumb|270px|Setting the Tower on top of the mountain looking down to the airport with the [http://www.gidenstam.org/FlightGear/misc/place_tower.xml Place_Tower.xml]]]


For this we use the Tower view and Tower View look from. This assumes that the virtual camera is on the Airport Tower, ca. 30ft above the airport level. You can choose via the Menu which airport is used. That's nice, but limited.
For this we use the Tower view and Tower View look from. This assumes that the virtual camera is on the Airport Tower, ca. 30ft above the airport level. You can choose via the Menu which airport is used. That's nice, but limited.


Anders Gidenstam made a nice little helping nasalscript, with you can choose the tower position on the ground via mouse-click.
Anders Gidenstam made a nice little helping nasal script, with you can choose the tower position on the ground via mouse-click.
You can grab it [http://www.gidenstam.org/FlightGear/misc/place_tower.xml here]. Copy the code between the <property-list>-tags and put in somewhere of your preferences.xml. Now with  Ctr + LMB-Click somewhere on the scenery you can set the Tower-view position. It is still ca. 30ft above the airport level- assuming you are virtual walking in the scenery, you can change the line
You can grab it [http://www.gidenstam.org/FlightGear/misc/place_tower.xml here]. Copy the code between the <property-list>-tags and put in somewhere of your preferences.xml . Now by ''Ctrl + LMB-Click'' somewhere on the scenery you can set the Tower-view position. It is still ca. 30ft above the airport level- assuming you are virtual walking in the scenery, you can change the line


  setprop(tower ~ "/altitude-ft", 30 + MtoFT * click_pos.alt());                 
  setprop(tower ~ "/altitude-ft", 30 + MtoFT * click_pos.alt());                 
Line 44: Line 46:


===Panorama===
===Panorama===
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-560 stitch2.jpg|thumb|600px|180 degrees Panorama stitched with 20 images inside the C172P cockpit while flying above the Custom Scenery South France]]
[[Image:Fgfs-screen-560 stitch2.jpg|thumb|600px|180 degrees Panorama stitched with 20 images inside the C172P cockpit while flying above the Custom Scenery for South France]]


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama Panorama] is a wide-angle view. With this you can show large areas of sceneries or interiors like flightdecks.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama Panorama] is a wide-angle view. With this, you can show large areas of sceneries or interiors like flightdecks.


For this use the Cockpit, Passenger-view or Tower-view, and position the virtual camera at the point you want. Pause the sim and now, while panning the virtual camera, save many screenshots so they all cover the pan.  
For this use the Cockpit, Passenger-view or Tower-view, and position the virtual camera at the point you want. Pause the sim and now, while panning the virtual camera, save many screenshots so they all cover the pan.  
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The FoV is per default set to 55 (degrees).  
The FoV is per default set to 55 (degrees).  


Increasing the factor you get wide angle up to 120 degrees. That's interesting as it covers a whole part of the scenery but also seems to make objects appear far away. So use it for showing large parts of sceneries, or long aircrafts etc... For an higher wide angle make a panorama.
Increasing the factor you get wide angle up to 120 degrees. That's interesting as it covers a whole part of the scenery but also seems to make objects appear far away. So use it for showing large parts of sceneries, or long aircraft's etc... For an higher wide angle make a panorama.


Decreasing the factor you get a narrow angle and a zoom-effect. This means you can take far away objects virtually close to you. An interesting effect is, that it also makes the background more "dense".
Decreasing the factor you get a narrow angle and a zoom-effect. This means you can take far away objects virtually close to you. An interesting effect is, that it also makes the background more "dense".
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[[Image:Wiki low sun shaders.jpg|thumb|270px|Showing the effect of the low sun and the water shaders]]
[[Image:Wiki low sun shaders.jpg|thumb|270px|Showing the effect of the low sun and the water shaders]]


The most appealing photos in real life are made in the morning or evening. The light has a warm color, the shadows and ambient colors are soft and long which gives fantastic impressions. The noon gives hard shadows and strong contrasts, hard to deal with.  
The most appealing photos in real life are made in the morning or evening. The light has a warm color, the shadows and ambient colors are soft and long which gives fantastic impressions. The noon gives hard shadows and strong contrasts, which are hard to deal with.  


This applies to FlightGear as well. So play a bit with the daytimes, especially Dawn/Morning/Afternoon and Dusk. Play as well with the seasons and locations. In the winter near the poles the sun is low, while near the aequator the sun is standing high in the sky. As an example this gives nice effects with the shaders on the water.
This applies to FlightGear as well. So play a bit with the daytimes, especially Dawn/Morning/Afternoon and Dusk. Play with the seasons and locations as well. In the winter near the poles the sun is low, while near the equator the sun is standing high in the sky. As an example this gives nice effects with the shaders on the water.


== Weather ==
== Weather ==
Our weather has improved much in CVS and upcoming release. Much more realistic clouds, better sky and ambient colors and the possibility to set your own [[METAR]], clouds etc. makes it more easy to create a stunning weather background for your picture.  
Our weather has improved much in CVS and upcoming releases. Much more realistic clouds, better sky and ambient colors and the possibility to set your own [[METAR]], clouds etc. makes it more easy to create a stunning weather background for your picture.  


== Locations ==
== Locations ==
The choose of the location depends a bit what you want to show. So what want you to show? Do you have already a theme for in mind?
The choice of the location depends a bit what you want to show. So what want you to show? Do you have already a theme for in mind?


As an example for showing an aircraft just for presentation, use an "empty" background like the sky, sea or desert. If you want to show the aircraft during operation you could choose some or our better airports like [[EHAM]], [[LFPG]] etc. as background, or some of the more detailed sceneries like our Custom Sceneries.
As an example for showing an aircraft just for presentation, use an "empty" background like the sky, sea or desert. If you want to show the aircraft during operation you could choose some or our better airports like [[EHAM]], [[LFPG]] etc. as background, or some of the more detailed sceneries like our Custom Sceneries.
Line 81: Line 83:


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==
Combining all this, playing with all this you should be able to create some stunning pictures. Try and play with as much you can, look at real images to get hints or try to copy a real life image in FlightGear. This all will help you to make a good picture!
Combining all this, playing with all this you should be able to create some stunning pictures. Try and play with as much you can, look at real images to get hints or try to copy a real life image in FlightGear. All this will help you to make a good picture!

Revision as of 18:02, 13 December 2009

This article is a stub. You can help the wiki by expanding it.

In this howto I will explain how to make nice screenshots in FlightGear. This is helpful for those who want to advertise FGFS on other sim-related forums or on booths around the world.

Basics to know

Good pictures:

  • They appeal to us in some way, by telling a story, revealing something unexpected, or showing an interesting point of view.
  • They encourage us to look at them for more than just a second, searching for more details. A good screen-shot can invite us to think about how it was made, maybe even inspire us to create images of our own.
  • The best screen-shots are technically correct, the lighting and colors are right, and the composition is good.

The part of How to composite a picture is difficult to explain - so instead I suggest you to read tutorials and explanations given on many websites on the web like this one : Composition (visual arts).

Quality

A good virtual picture needs a good quality. That means:

  • Use of AntiAliasing (AA)
  • Appealing/true colors
  • Size of the picture- not too small, not to big
  • No Gui/Menu/FrameRateCounter etc. visible
  • Full effects

This means you need a decent computer with middle - good specs. At least you should able to run FGFS with fluent fps with high AA-settings. Some people don't have this, so there is another solution proposed by Melchior Franz : [1].

How to get some unusual/ interesting views

To get some ideas, I suggest to look on the aircraft picture pages around the web like Airliners.net. It will give you some ideas.

Air to Air

  • Helicopter View: This assumes that you are in a virtual, not visible helicopter besides the aircraft. You are always flying level. With the mouse you can choose the position of the "helicopter".
  • Chase View: This assumes you are chasing the aircraft. It is very similar to the first one.
  • Chase View with yaw: Also chasing the aircraft, but the virtual camera doesn't turn with the aircraft.

Try switching between them to see what you like more(I prefer Chase view). Playing around with position of the camera will help too. As an example if the aircraft is turning and banking, make a shot from the wing to the aircraft facing the ground. Or while approaching the runway, a shot from behind the aircraft would be good.

Ground to Air

Setting the Tower on top of the mountain looking down to the airport with the Place_Tower.xml

For this we use the Tower view and Tower View look from. This assumes that the virtual camera is on the Airport Tower, ca. 30ft above the airport level. You can choose via the Menu which airport is used. That's nice, but limited.

Anders Gidenstam made a nice little helping nasal script, with you can choose the tower position on the ground via mouse-click. You can grab it here. Copy the code between the <property-list>-tags and put in somewhere of your preferences.xml . Now by Ctrl + LMB-Click somewhere on the scenery you can set the Tower-view position. It is still ca. 30ft above the airport level- assuming you are virtual walking in the scenery, you can change the line

setprop(tower ~ "/altitude-ft", 30 + MtoFT * click_pos.alt());                

to

setprop(tower ~ "/altitude-ft", 6.5 + MtoFT * click_pos.alt());

Panorama

180 degrees Panorama stitched with 20 images inside the C172P cockpit while flying above the Custom Scenery for South France

Panorama is a wide-angle view. With this, you can show large areas of sceneries or interiors like flightdecks.

For this use the Cockpit, Passenger-view or Tower-view, and position the virtual camera at the point you want. Pause the sim and now, while panning the virtual camera, save many screenshots so they all cover the pan. Now use your favourite Panorama-Software and stitch it! No software yet? Use Google, as there are several Freeware-programs outside. I can recommend Hugin, it is OpenSource, crossplatform and used by many professional photographers.

Factor of View (FoV)

The difference of wide/Narrow angle. See how the background changes using a zoom!

You can change this by pressing X/x-key or using the Mouse-wheel in View-mode. The FoV is per default set to 55 (degrees).

Increasing the factor you get wide angle up to 120 degrees. That's interesting as it covers a whole part of the scenery but also seems to make objects appear far away. So use it for showing large parts of sceneries, or long aircraft's etc... For an higher wide angle make a panorama.

Decreasing the factor you get a narrow angle and a zoom-effect. This means you can take far away objects virtually close to you. An interesting effect is, that it also makes the background more "dense".

Lighting and Daytime

Showing the effect of the low sun and the water shaders

The most appealing photos in real life are made in the morning or evening. The light has a warm color, the shadows and ambient colors are soft and long which gives fantastic impressions. The noon gives hard shadows and strong contrasts, which are hard to deal with.

This applies to FlightGear as well. So play a bit with the daytimes, especially Dawn/Morning/Afternoon and Dusk. Play with the seasons and locations as well. In the winter near the poles the sun is low, while near the equator the sun is standing high in the sky. As an example this gives nice effects with the shaders on the water.

Weather

Our weather has improved much in CVS and upcoming releases. Much more realistic clouds, better sky and ambient colors and the possibility to set your own METAR, clouds etc. makes it more easy to create a stunning weather background for your picture.

Locations

The choice of the location depends a bit what you want to show. So what want you to show? Do you have already a theme for in mind?

As an example for showing an aircraft just for presentation, use an "empty" background like the sky, sea or desert. If you want to show the aircraft during operation you could choose some or our better airports like EHAM, LFPG etc. as background, or some of the more detailed sceneries like our Custom Sceneries.

Colors and whitebalance

As in real life, in FGFS the pictures often have to be corrected in colors and whitebalance. This can be done with almost any image editor. In GIMP this can be done through Layers > Colors > Brightness and contrast.

Conclusion

Combining all this, playing with all this you should be able to create some stunning pictures. Try and play with as much you can, look at real images to get hints or try to copy a real life image in FlightGear. All this will help you to make a good picture!