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Howto:Make a trip in the Concorde: Difference between revisions

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Howto:Make a trip in the Concorde (view source)

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(+-cleanup: Headings, line breaks, tables and layout flow around images. There could still be a lot done.; +tip: Read the Concorde article first; +cat: Howto)
 
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== '''Tutorial: A First Trip''' ==
In order to familiarize yourself with the basic functions of the '''[[Concorde]]''', we describe in the following a short supersonic flight from Amsterdam ([[EHAM]]) to Rom ([[LIRF]]).
In order to familiarize yourself with the basic functions of the Concorde, we describe in the following a short supersonic flight from Amsterdam (EHAM) to Rom (LIRF). That flight will take about 1.5 h (~30 Min climbing/accelerating, ~10 Min cruising at Mach 2.02 at 51.300 ft, and another 30 Min descending). We will use the 2D-panel so that you can concentrate on the functions, without having to loose time by searching/switching between many panels. Please see the given flight-data just as a reference – your own data will deviate, because they will depend a lot on actual weather, time delays,  different approach/arrival routes, and very certainly on the amount of fuel: For this kind of plane the payload (max 13.380 kg) is just about neglectable compared to the fuel (max 95.680 kg).
 
<br /><br />
The flight will take about 1.5 h (~30 min climbing/accelerating, ~10 min cruising at Mach 2.02 at 51.300 ft, and another 30 min descending). We will use the 2D-panel so that you can concentrate on the functions, without having to loose time by searching/switching between many panels. Please see the given flight-data just as a reference – your own data will deviate, because they will depend a lot on actual weather, time delays,  different approach/arrival routes, and very certainly on the amount of fuel - For this kind of plane the payload (max 13.380 kg) is just about negligible compared to the fuel (max 95.680 kg).
Later you might want to test some original Concorde-flight-plans in the directory: FlightGear/Aircraft/Concorde/Doc/*.fp.
 
See also some short comments/instructions in chapter “Example” of: FlightGear/Aircraft/Concorde/ReadmeConcorde-jbsim.txt
{{Tip |Reading through the [[Concorde]] article will definitively be of help.}}
<br /><br />
 
Later you might want to test some original Concorde-flight-plans in the directory: <code>FlightGear/Aircraft/Concorde/Doc/*.fp</code>.
See also some short comments/instructions in chapter “Example” of: <code>FlightGear/Aircraft/Concorde/ReadmeConcorde-jbsim.txt</code>.
 
In the Appendix you find a [[#Recorded Flight Data EHAM --> LIRF|table of all significant flight data of one of my test-flights]] – just in case you wonder about some unusual behavior of the Concorde, that you might discover during that flight – especially during the climb-out! Many of those I did not believe at first myself!
In the Appendix you find a [[#Recorded Flight Data EHAM --> LIRF|table of all significant flight data of one of my test-flights]] – just in case you wonder about some unusual behavior of the Concorde, that you might discover during that flight – especially during the climb-out! Many of those I did not believe at first myself!
=== ''Preflight'' ===
 
== Preflight ==
* '''Runways:'''  Check minimums: for Takeoff 11.200 ft (3.500 m), for Landing 7.300 ft (2.300 m)
* '''Runways:'''  Check minimums: for Takeoff 11.200 ft (3.500 m), for Landing 7.300 ft (2.300 m)
* '''Fuel-level:''' Set via:  Menu → Concorde → Fuel:  
* '''Fuel-level:''' Set via:  Menu → Concorde → Fuel:  
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* '''Altitude:''' Just preset the next needed “Altitude Acquired” '''(62)'''    (e.g. the final AA=51.300)
* '''Altitude:''' Just preset the next needed “Altitude Acquired” '''(62)'''    (e.g. the final AA=51.300)
* '''Nose 5°:''' set with '''(49)'''
* '''Nose 5°:''' set with '''(49)'''
<br />
 
'''If ATC is available you need approval prior doing the following:'''
'''If ATC is available you need approval prior doing the following:'''
* '''Start only engines 2+3 for taxiing''' (that is the official pilot-manual, I usually forget to switch off 1+4 when the model started up with all 4 engines running already!)
* '''Start only engines 2+3 for taxiing''' (that is the official pilot-manual, I usually forget to switch off 1+4 when the model started up with all 4 engines running already!)
* '''Release “Parking Break”:''' Key “Alt b” and check instruments '''(34, 35, 36)'''
* '''Release “Parking Break”:''' Key “Alt b” and check instruments '''(34, 35, 36)'''
* '''Push back:''' key “Ctrl+B” and check the blue indicators in '''(40)''' (off = normal, blinking = in transit, blue = reverse). The “in transit” takes rather long compared to other planes (up to 10 sec)!
* '''Push back:''' key “Ctrl+B” and check the blue indicators in '''(40)''' (off = normal, blinking = in transit, blue = reverse). The “in transit” takes rather long compared to other planes (up to 10 sec)!
<br />
 
=== ''Taxi'' ===
== Taxi ==
* '''Taxi''' according to Tower instructions (or UNICOM-announcement)
* '''Taxi''' according to Tower instructions (or UNICOM-announcement)
* '''switch on all 4 engines''' at Hold-Position  (e.g. by clicking onto the corresponding “HP VALVE” in the 2D Engineering panel (“Upper S”)
* '''switch on all 4 engines''' at Hold-Position  (e.g. by clicking onto the corresponding “HP VALVE” in the 2D Engineering panel (“Upper S”)
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* if tower has given a max altitude for departure preset AA = maxAlt (this would have priority above the already set max “Altitude Acquired”=51.300.
* if tower has given a max altitude for departure preset AA = maxAlt (this would have priority above the already set max “Altitude Acquired”=51.300.
* '''max Speed:''' preset max Speed to 250 kt/h '''(62)''' for up to 10.000 feet
* '''max Speed:''' preset max Speed to 250 kt/h '''(62)''' for up to 10.000 feet
<br />


=== Takeoff ===
== Takeoff ==
From Rolling to 10.000 ft it takes about 5 Min and brings you just about 3 mi closer to the target (if starting from runway 27 at EHAM, which is about at 90° to the target (INS ~170°) - as during my test-flights)!
From Rolling to 10.000 ft it takes about 5 Min and brings you just about 3 mi closer to the target (if starting from runway 27 at EHAM, which is about at 90° to the target (INS ~170°) - as during my test-flights)!
<br />
 
*
[[File:Concorde-Head-Lights.jpg|250px]]{{-}}
{|
|-
|[[File:Concorde-Head-Lights.jpg|250px]]
|
* '''Main Landing Light on''' when “Cleared to Start” (see the 4 left switches on the panel above the windshield: 2 extender '''(1)''' + 2 lights '''(2)'''). Notice this panel also for later: When warnings have been set – you may spot and reset those on this panel by mouse-click onto the warning-light.
* '''Main Landing Light on''' when “Cleared to Start” (see the 4 left switches on the panel above the windshield: 2 extender '''(1)''' + 2 lights '''(2)'''). Notice this panel also for later: When warnings have been set – you may spot and reset those on this panel by mouse-click onto the warning-light.
|}
<br />
* '''Start timer'''
* '''Start timer'''
* '''AB on:''' Set Afterburner on (ctrl+F, verify CTY-indicator '''(13)''' blinking)
* '''AB on:''' Set Afterburner on (ctrl+F, verify CTY-indicator '''(13)''' blinking)
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* '''After OK from Tower go onto Course to (first) target'''
* '''After OK from Tower go onto Course to (first) target'''
** '''IN on''' (for Instrument Navigation System) or '''VL on''' (for VOR navigation) or '''TH on''' (for True Heading (manual)), or similar. This will switch '''HH off''' automatically. I had set ROM (LIRF) into the Rout-Manager, so I chose '''IN on'''.
** '''IN on''' (for Instrument Navigation System) or '''VL on''' (for VOR navigation) or '''TH on''' (for True Heading (manual)), or similar. This will switch '''HH off''' automatically. I had set ROM (LIRF) into the Rout-Manager, so I chose '''IN on'''.
<br />
 
=== ''Climb to Cruise Altitude'' ===
== Climb to Cruise Altitude ==
The climb from 10.000 ft to 51.300 ft and Mach 2.02 will take about 25 Min and 240 miles:
The climb from 10.000 ft to 51.300 ft and Mach 2.02 will take about 25 Min and 240 miles:
* '''Above 10.000'''
* '''Above 10.000'''
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* '''AA on for FL513:''' This ensures that you do not overshoot the allowed maximum of 51.300 ft!
* '''AA on for FL513:''' This ensures that you do not overshoot the allowed maximum of 51.300 ft!
* '''Mach 0.95 (~ FL280): AB ON again, FPM → ~ 4.000 reducing constantly to ~500'''. The support of the Afterburner will increase the speed drastically, so be prepared to increase the FPM accordingly - and then reduce it again slowly.
* '''Mach 0.95 (~ FL280): AB ON again, FPM → ~ 4.000 reducing constantly to ~500'''. The support of the Afterburner will increase the speed drastically, so be prepared to increase the FPM accordingly - and then reduce it again slowly.
{|
 
|-
: [[File:Forward-Fuel-mgt.jpg|200px]]{{-}}
|
:[[File:Forward-Fuel-mgt.jpg|200px]]
|
* '''activate Tank 10:''' Now is a good time to activate tank 10 - before it might get hectic! Goto Engineering Panel (Ctrl+E), switch the Tank 10 valves open and return again with (Ctrl+E). <small>(compare chapter "[[#Balancing by Fuel-Pumping|Balancing by Fuel-Pumping]]")</small>
* '''activate Tank 10:''' Now is a good time to activate tank 10 - before it might get hectic! Goto Engineering Panel (Ctrl+E), switch the Tank 10 valves open and return again with (Ctrl+E). <small>(compare chapter "[[#Balancing by Fuel-Pumping|Balancing by Fuel-Pumping]]")</small>
|}
* '''Mach 1.1 (~ FL 330), FPM → ~2.000:'''  somewhere above Mach 1.1 drag reduces significantly – be prepared to increase the climb rate again drastically to about ~2.000, then again reducing to ~1.000
* '''Mach 1.1 (~ FL 330), FPM → ~2.000:'''  somewhere above Mach 1.1 drag reduces significantly – be prepared to increase the climb rate again drastically to about ~2.000, then again reducing to ~1.000
{|
: [[File:Concorde-MCG-Cross.png|150px]]{{-}}
|-
: ''Somewhere in this area it may become difficult to keep the speed inside the M/CG-markers (without reducing speed drastically!). Be sure that does not happen before Mach 1.5 – otherwise it may not be possible to correct it later in level flight, and thus you either never reach Mach 2.02 or at least the drag will result in significantly increased fuel consumption.''
|
:[[File:Concorde-MCG-Cross.png|150px]]
|
:''Somewhere in this area it may become difficult to keep the speed inside the M/CG-markers (without reducing speed drastically!). Be sure that does not happen before Mach 1.5 – otherwise it may not be possible to correct it later in level flight, and thus you either never reach Mach 2.02 or at least the drag will result in significantly increased fuel consumption.''
|}
* '''Mach 1.3 (FL~360):''' Air-Intakes open automatically, providing more thrust. Be prepared to increase FPM ~2.500 again
* '''Mach 1.3 (FL~360):''' Air-Intakes open automatically, providing more thrust. Be prepared to increase FPM ~2.500 again
* '''Mach 1.7 (~FL470):'''  '''AB OFF''' again (Stop afterburner  (ctrl+F))
* '''Mach 1.7 (~FL470):'''  '''AB OFF''' again (Stop afterburner  (ctrl+F))
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* continue Fuel-Pumping until M/CG is centered, otherwise you fly with much drag which will increase your fuel consumption
* continue Fuel-Pumping until M/CG is centered, otherwise you fly with much drag which will increase your fuel consumption
* check Target Airport, Weather, Runways, etc.
* check Target Airport, Weather, Runways, etc.
<br />
 
=== ''Supersonic descent'' ===
== Supersonic descent ==
The descent from  FL513 and Mach 2.02 will take about 30 Min and/or 250-270 miles:
The descent from  FL513 and Mach 2.02 will take about 30 Min and/or 250-270 miles:
* '''Between 270-250 miles to target: MH off + Throttle off''', decelerate to '''350 kt/h''' at FL513
* '''Between 270-250 miles to target: MH off + Throttle off''', decelerate to '''350 kt/h''' at FL513
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** preset '''AA''' = 10.000, predefining your minimum altitude prior to approach. You may vary the FPM according to your needs
** preset '''AA''' = 10.000, predefining your minimum altitude prior to approach. You may vary the FPM according to your needs
* '''below 18.000 ft set QFE in (25)''' (field elevation pressure), check ATIS (or ask ATC or check weather of the airport in MPmap). Be aware that this QFE might be very different to the one set at the beginning of the flight! And it should be correct, if you plan to land with Autopilot (support)!
* '''below 18.000 ft set QFE in (25)''' (field elevation pressure), check ATIS (or ask ATC or check weather of the airport in MPmap). Be aware that this QFE might be very different to the one set at the beginning of the flight! And it should be correct, if you plan to land with Autopilot (support)!
<br />
 
=== ''Approach'' ===
== Approach ==
* '''~40 miles from threshold:''' prepare the approach to the expected Runway – or define a STAR-approach – or ...
* '''~40 miles from threshold:''' prepare the approach to the expected Runway – or define a STAR-approach – or ...
* '''for a normal "straight in approach":'''
* '''for a normal "straight in approach":'''
** '''Set VOR''' into NAV2 '''(64)''' & ILS into NAV1 '''(55)''', also set the radials according to the expected runway into '''(58), (59), (60), (61)'''.
** '''Set VOR''' into NAV2 '''(64)''' & ILS into NAV1 '''(55)''', also set the radials according to the expected runway into '''(58), (59), (60), (61)'''.
** Switch '''(56) to INS''' (Inertial Navigation System)
** Switch '''(56) to INS''' (Inertial Navigation System)
:[[File:Concorde-INS-Radial-3.png|400px|left]]
: [[File:Concorde-INS-Radial-3.png|400px|left]]{{-}}
:'''Align your flightpath with runway:''' ''if e.g. you want to land on runway 25, but the direct INS-radial (yellow pointer) actually points to 25.8°, then you should start correcting the INS-radial to 25°:''  
: '''Align your flightpath with runway:''' ''if e.g. you want to land on runway 25, but the direct INS-radial (yellow pointer) actually points to 25.8°, then you should start correcting the INS-radial to 25°:''  
* '''set True Heading (58)'''  to e.g. 28.5°  and activate TH.
* '''set True Heading (58)'''  to e.g. 28.5°  and activate TH.
::'''''Watch it:''' The TH marker (now on “N”) does not follow because the instrument shows INS values! The actual TH values you would see only when you switch the INS-display to VOR with switch (56) – which we do not do, because we want to watch the INS-pointer!)''
::'''''Watch it:''' The TH marker (now on “N”) does not follow because the instrument shows INS values! The actual TH values you would see only when you switch the INS-display to VOR with switch (56) – which we do not do, because we want to watch the INS-pointer!)''
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** <small>''(Of course you also could use a VOR if there is one midfield of the airport and if it reaches that far – the nice thing about INS is: It always is available (even 20.000 miles away and always is located in the center of the target.)''</small>
** <small>''(Of course you also could use a VOR if there is one midfield of the airport and if it reaches that far – the nice thing about INS is: It always is available (even 20.000 miles away and always is located in the center of the target.)''</small>
<small>
<small>
{| border="1"
: {| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|
| Max Speed for Visor down and/or Nose 5°:  
:Max Speed for Visor down and/or Nose 5°:  
| 325 kt/h (M 0.8)
| 325 kt/h (M 0.8)
|-
|-
|
| Max. Speed for “Nose Down” 12.5°:  
:Max. Speed for “Nose Down” 12.5°:  
| 270 kt/h AND below 20.000 ft
| 270 kt/h AND below 20.000 ft
|-
|-
|
| Max Speed for Gear down & Landing-light:  
:Max Speed for Gear down & Landing-light:  
| 270 kt/h (M 0.7)
| 270 kt/h (M 0.7)
|}
|}
</small>
</small>
* '''Below 10.000 ft''' → 250 kt/h maximum speed
* '''Below 10.000 ft''' → 250 kt/h maximum speed
** '''Main Landing Light on'''  (over windshield at left)
** '''Main Landing Light on'''  (over windshield at left)
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** '''~10 mi from threshold:''' keep 200 kt/h (You may still have a gross-weight far above the maximum landing weight – so keep speed a little higher than usual!)
** '''~10 mi from threshold:''' keep 200 kt/h (You may still have a gross-weight far above the maximum landing weight – so keep speed a little higher than usual!)
** '''Follow the ILS beam'''
** '''Follow the ILS beam'''
<br />


=== ''Landing'' ===
== Landing ==
[[Image:Concorde landing at London Gatwick.jpg|thumb|270px|Concorde moments before touchdown at[[ London Gatwick]].]]
[[Image:Concorde landing at London Gatwick.jpg|thumb|270px|Concorde moments before touchdown at[[ London Gatwick]].]]
* Watch "Altitude to Ground" in '''(23)'''
* Watch "Altitude to Ground" in '''(23)'''
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* hold '''pitch at 10°''' - adjust descent-rate with speed/throttle
* hold '''pitch at 10°''' - adjust descent-rate with speed/throttle
* VREF 162 kt/h for touchdown (rather stay a little faster!)
* VREF 162 kt/h for touchdown (rather stay a little faster!)
<br />
 
=== ''Taxiing'' ===
== Taxiing ==
* Nose up to 5°
* Nose up to 5°
* Switch Off engines 2 + 3
* Switch Off engines 2 + 3
* get clearance to taxi
* get clearance to taxi
<br />
 
=== ''Parking'' ===
== Parking ==
* Switch off engines
* Switch off engines
* Nose and visor up, as weather seal.
* Nose and visor up, as weather seal.


== Appendix ==
== Appendix ==
=== '''Recorded Flight Data EHAM --> LIRF''' ===
=== Recorded Flight Data EHAM --> LIRF ===
{| border = "1" align="center"
{| class="wikitable"
|+EHAM - LIRF, start at EHAM RW 18C with wind 290@4, 1008 hPa
! colspan="12" | +EHAM - LIRF, start at EHAM RW 18C with wind 290@4, 1008 hPa
|-
|
! Time !! FL !! FPM !! T/CG !! TAS !! MaxMach !! Mach !! CAS !! Miles !! Fuel !! remark
! Time !! FL !! FPM !! T/CG !! TAS !! MaxMach !! Mach !! CAS !! Miles !! Fuel !! remark
|-
|-
!Start
! rowspan="10" | Start
|-
| 00:00:00 || 0 || 0 >> 2000 || --- || --- || --- || --- || --- || 700 || 93,000 || AB on
| 00:00:00 || 0 || 0 >> 2000 || --- || --- || --- || --- || --- || 700 || 93,000 || AB on
|-
|-
Line 204: Line 190:
| 00:19:25 || 440 || 2000 || 1.4 || 992 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 525 || 543 || 78,451 || AB off
| 00:19:25 || 440 || 2000 || 1.4 || 992 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 525 || 543 || 78,451 || AB off
|-
|-
| 00:23:45 || 513 || 0 || 1.49 ||1160 || 2.02 || 2.02 || 524 || 464 || 75,925 ||
| 00:23:45 || 513 || 0 || 1.49 ||1160 || 2.02 || 2.02 || 524 || 464 || 75,925 ||
|-
!descent
|-
|-
| 00:00:00 || 513 || 0 || 1.2 || 1160 || 2.02 || 202 || 524 || 270 || 70,056
! rowspan="4" | Descent
| 00:00:00 || 513 || 0 || 1.2 || 1160 || 2.02 || 202 || 524 || 270 || 70,056 ||
|-
|-
| 00:04:23 || 513 || 2000 || 1.2 || 783 || --- || 1.37 || 350 || 200 || 69367
| 00:04:23 || 513 || 2000 || 1.2 || 783 || --- || 1.37 || 350 || 200 || 69367 ||
|-
|-
| 00:09:51 || 410 || 0 || 2.15-1.1 || 542 || --- || 0.95 || 266 || 138 || 68650
| 00:09:51 || 410 || 0 || 2.15-1.1 || 542 || --- || 0.95 || 266 || 138 || 68650 ||
|-
|-
| 00:25:19 || 100 || 2000 || 0.7-1.12 || 245 || --- || --- || 250 || 32 || 67700
| 00:25:19 || 100 || 2000 || 0.7-1.12 || 245 || --- || --- || 250 || 32 || 67700 ||
|-
|-
!landed
! rowspan="1" | Landed
|-
| 00:37:47 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || || 65257|| Landed –-> at terminal
| 00:37:47 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || || 65257|| Landed –-> at terminal
|-
|-
|}
|}
[[Category:Howto]]
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