Howto:Convert objects from X-Plane

This tutorial explains how to convert X-Plane (R) scenery objects to the AC3D format (.ac) used by FlightGear (mostly) automatically using the xplane2fg collection of scripts. They were developed on Linux and should work fine on any Unix system including Mac (note to Windows users).

This Howto assumes that you

• are able to use the command line to enter basic commands
• know where FlightGear, its scenery, and its source code are installed

Please note: objects that are uploaded to the FlightGear Scenery Database (and thus official FG scenery) must be released under the GNU GPL license. Most MSFS scenery does not comply with this license. Therefore, it cannot be included with the official scenery, unless the author granted you permission to release his work under GNU GPL.

Conversation in three easy steps

The conversation consists of three steps, all conveniently handled by scripts:

• convert the actual 3-D objects from .obj to .ac format using blender,
• extract position of objects (longitude, latitude, altitude, and heading) from .dsf file(s) and write them to FlightGear's .stg file(s),
• copy the objects and their textures to the respective tile folders.

Prerequisites

Besides a Unix environment, you'll need the following additional tools:

• Blender (tested with ver. 2.48a-r3)
• XPlane2blender from Jonathan Harris' page, tested with ver. 3.09
• Wine
• X-Plane scenery tools (officially from xplane)
• FlightGear
• perl helpers from FlightGear's src/

 ** calc-tile.pl
 ** find_elevations.pl

• telnet

Optionally (if the scenery to convert contains .dds textures)

• convert (from ImageMagick)

Installation

Install xplane2fg:

1. mkdir -p ~/fgfs/convert/
2. cd ~/fgfs/convert/
3. tar xzf /path/to/xplane2fg.tgz

Copy autoimport helper to Blender's scripts folder:

1. cp ~/fgfs/convert/xplane2fg/lib/autoimport.py ~/blender/scripts

Install X-Plane tools in $HOME/convert/xptools

Hack the tools

For the first step -- importing objects into blender -- we use Jonathan Harris's XPlane2Blender import filter. The .ac export filter shipped with Blender does the export. As we will batch convert a large number of objects, both import and export filters need to be 'hacked' as to not stop and wait for user interaction on warnings etc:

Open XPlaneImport.py in a text editor, change line 466 (of ver. 3.09) to:

1. self.verbose = 0

Save this file as XPlaneImportVerbose0.py

Open ac3d_export.py (part of Blender, located for example in /usr/share/blender/scripts/) in a text editor, replace line 823:

1. Blender.Draw.PupMenu('ERROR: no objects selected')

with

1. pass

Make sure you keep indention. Save this file as ac3d_export_hack.py

Setting up the environment according to your system

The xplane2fg scripts glue together a number of tools. To have the scripts find these tools, you have to adjust the paths in $HOME/fgfs/convert/xplane2fg/profile according to your system (using a text editor).

Now everything should be set up to actually convert scenery!

Conversation

Load xplane2fg's environment profile:

1. source $HOME/fgfs/convert/xplane2fg/profile

Prepare X-Plane scenery

In the following, we assume the X-Plane scenery we want to convert is named EDDN and lives in

 $HOME/fgfs/convert/EDDN/

with the following sub folders

   Earth nav data
   objects
   textures

Those sub folders may have slightly different names. If so, rename them to fit the above scheme. Remember that Unix file names are case sensitive.

Prepare FlightGear

X-Plane objects are positioned using AGL, while FlightGear's .stg files expect MSL. We will use FlightGear to automatically query the elevation at the object's postition. Therefore, the corresponding scenery tile must be installed. Find out on which tile the scenery you want to convert is located. See XXX for details on how to install FlightGear scenery. The most convenient way may be to use terrasync.

Convert

Now run the main conversation script:

1. cd $HOME/fgfs/convert/
2. xplane2fg.sh EDDN EDDN.fg

The converted scenery will be written to the path indicated by the second argument, EDDN.fg. It should *not* point to FG's actual scenery paths.

After some seconds, this will stop and ask you to run blender. By that time, it should have created an input file for blender named

1. blender-autoimport-source.py

in the current directory.

Now open a second terminal and run blender from that directory.

1. cd $HOME/fgfs/convert
2. blender

Click file -> import -> autoimport It should now convert all objects, this may take a while. When finished, close blender (and the second terminal), and press enter in the xplane2fg terminal.

xplane2fg will now fire up FlightGear. Press enter when FlightGear is up and running. The script then queries the elevation for all objects; this might take a while. During this process, .stg files are written to their respective tile paths under EDDN.fg. Also, xplane2fg searches for texture files used by the scenery objects, copies them to EDDN.fg or complains in case they're missing.

When xplane2fg is finished, you should have something like

1. $HOME/fgfs/convert/EDDN.fg/
2. Objects/e000n40/e006n46/
3. 3056136.stg
4. 3056139.stg
5. Terminal.ac
6. ...

We're almost done!

Check textures

X-Plane may use .dds textures, which have to be converted to .png format. Go to the converted scenery folder

1. cd EDDN.fg/Objects/e000n40/e006n46/

and run

1. check_and_fix_textures.sh *.ac

You may want to remove .dds files afterwards to save space:

1. rm *.dds

Integrate the converted files into FlightGear scenery

Finally you have to copy the converted scenery to FlightGear's scenery folder. Make sure to backup the respective scenery folder beforehand.

The .stg files should be *appended* instead of overwritten should they exist already in FlightGear's Scenery folder; otherwise you'll loose previously defined scenery objects. You may want to use a file manager such as Konqueror, Nautilus, or Midnight Commander for this step, as they tend to ask whether to overwrite or append existing files.

Now you can fire up FlightGear and enjoy the converted scenery!

Cleanup

Temporary files were written to $HOME/fgfs/convert/tmp. You can remove them now:

1. rm -rf $HOME/fgfs/convert/tmp

Share the converted scenery

If you want to publish the scenery you need to obtain authorization to do so from the scenery's original authors.

If you want it to be included in FlightGear's official scenery, the converted scenery (including all textures) must comply with the GPL.

Optional

You may use

1. xplane2fg.sh --prefix EDDN_ EDDN EDDN.fg

to prepend all converted objects with a prefix, e.g., EDDN_objectname.ac

Troubleshooting

xplane2fg.sh may complain about funny elevations reported by FlightGear:

1. WARNING: Zero alt for LSGS-grasss-1.ac?

I suspect this happens when a tile is just being loaded in background, as subsequent calls would return correct elevation. However, since we might query objects floating on water, I did not implement automatic retrying (yet). Instead, you should manually query these objects. Start Flightgear

1. xplane2fg.sh --run-fgfs

then run

1. xplane2fg.sh --query-alt LSGS-grasss-1.ac

which would return something like

1. OBJECT_STATIC LSGS-grasss-1.ac 7.3416857 46.2201743 482.24 357.99
2. in /e000n40/e007n46/3072521.stg

and correct the respective line in the indicated .stg file.

Note to windows users

I developed these scripts on Linux. They are written in bash and make heavy use of GNU utilities (sed, awk, grep etc.). Some helpers require Perl. To run these scripts on Windows, you will need to install cygwin and perl (at least). You will have to fix some further issues yourself; the wine part, for example, is probably not neccessary on Windows ;)