Default head-up display: Difference between revisions

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{{Note|The HUD system will one day be replaced by a [[Canvas HUD]] system.}}


A '''Head-up display''' ('''HUD''') could be (de)activated in [[FlightGear]] with the h-key. To change the sharpeness, press Shift + H.
The {{Wikipedia|Head-up display|'''Head-up display'''}} (HUD) is an important instrument in modern, mostly military, cockpits. FlightGear provides a XML-based system to relatively easily create HUDs for aircraft such as the [[F-14B]] and [[F-16]].


= Functions =
However, this article's focus is on FlightGear's default head-up displays. Those are available for any craft which does not include its own set. Have a look at [[#Further Information|Further Information]] if you're planning to create a HUD.
[[Image:HUD_aileron.jpg|thumb|200px|Aileron]]
== Aileron ==


[[Image:HUD_altitude.jpg|thumb|200px|Altitude]]
Activate the HUD with {{key press|h}}. Pressing it repeatedly moves through the configured colours and turns it off again. To change the brightness, press {{key press|Shift|h}}. Press {{key press|Shift|i}} to go through the available HUDs. Press {{key press|i}} to switch back to the first one at any time. Have in mind that some aircraft do assign one or more of those keys differently and therefore one or more function/s is/are missing on them.
== Altitude ==
Current altitude relating to sea-level in feet (1 feet = 30 cm).


== Elevation ==
Some of the head-up display's options can be altered in the menu: <code>View → Adjust HUD Properties</code>
Current altitude above ground in feet. Related to the location of the radio altimeter therefore it's not zero if the aircraft is on the ground.
<br>No picture (yet), it's the next scale to the left of 'altitude'.


[[Image:HUD_elevator.jpg|thumb|200px|Elevator]]
[[File:HUD_default_overview.png|thumb|420px|Huds/default.xml]]
== Elevator ==
[[File:HUD_minimal_overview.png|thumb|420px|Huds/minimal.xml]]
[[File:HUD_NTPS_overview.png|thumb|420px|Huds/NTPS.xml]]


[[Image:HUD_heading.jpg|thumb|200px|Heading]]
== Features ==
== Heading ==
=== Control inputs ===
; [[Aileron]]
: Monitors the bearing of the control input on the aileron's axis. Attached along the upper side is the indicator for the trim input on that axis.
: Properties: <code>/controls/flight/aileron</code> and <code>/controls/flight/aileron-trim</code>


[[Image:HUD_location.jpg|thumb|200px|Location]]
; [[Elevator]]
== Location ==
: Monitors the bearing of the control input on the elevator's axis. Attached to the left the trim on this axis.
To change the coordinates-system, go to Autopilot > Set Lat/Lon-format.
: Properties: <code>/controls/flight/elevator</code> and <code>/controls/flight/elevator-trim</code>


[[Image:HUD_rudder.jpg|thumb|200px|Rudder]]
; [[Rudder]]
== Rudder ==
: Monitors the bearing of the control input on the rudder's axis. Attached to the bottom the trim input.
: Properties: <code>/controls/flight/rudder</code> and <code>/controls/flight/rudder-trim</code>


[[Image:HUD_speed.jpg|thumb|200px|Speed]]
; Throttle
== Speed ==
: Monitors the throttle input axis.
Your speed in kts (1 kts = 1.852 km/h).
: Property: <code>/controls/engines/engine/throttle</code>


[[Image:HUD_thrust.jpg|thumb|200px|Thrust]]
=== Instruments ===
== Thurst ==
; [[AMSL]] (Height <u>a</u>bove <u>m</u>ean <u>s</u>ea <u>l</u>evel)
: Current altitude relative to sea level in feet (ft) (1 ft = 30.48 cm).
: Property: <code>/position/altitude-ft</code>
 
; g-load
: The {{Wikipedia|G-force}} appealing to the pilot - to avoid black-/redout.
: Property: <code>/accelerations/pilot/z-accel-fps_sec</code> with factor <tt>-0.03108095</tt>
 
; [[Avionics and Instruments#DirectionalGyro|Gyrocompass]]
: This is an ideal version of a gyrocompass without the drawbacks of a real one. It shows heading of the aircraft relative to the geographical North Pole (true north) in degree (360 degree scale).
: Property: <code>/orientation/heading-deg</code>
 
; [[KIAS]] ('''K'''nots '''I'''ndicated '''A'''ir'''s'''peed)
: Current speed relating to the ambient air in knot/knots (kt/kts) (1 kt = 1.151 mph = 1.852 km/h).
: Property: <code>/velocities/airspeed-kt</code>
 
; Latitude / Longitude
: Current location according to the {{Wikipedia|geographic coordinate system}}.
: To change the format of the displayed coordinates, go to <tt>Autopilot</tt> --> <tt>Set Lat/Lon-format</tt>.
: Properties: <code>/position/latitude-string</code> and <code>/position/longitude-string</code>
 
; Pitch ladder
: Displays the aircraft's pitch and roll relative to the ground's level/horizontal in degree. It's used as an artificial horizon ([[Avionics and Instruments#Attitude Indicator|Attitude indicator]]).
: Properties: <code>/orientation/roll-deg</code> and <code>/orientation/pitch-deg</code>
 
; Radio altimeter
: Shows current altitude [[above ground level]] (AGL) in feet. Relating to the location of the aircraft's radio altimeter, it's not zero if the aircraft is on the ground.
: Property: <code>/position/altitude-agl-ft</code>
 
; Turn-bank-indicator
: [[Avionics and Instruments#Turn Coordinator|Turn Coordinator]]
: Properties: <code>/orientation/roll-deg</code> and <code>/orientation/side-slip-deg</code>
 
 
[[File:HUD_default_autopilot.jpg|thumb|420px|HUD autopilot]]
=== [[Autopilot]] ===
If the autopilot is active the HUD displays its settings. For each active function (heading, altitude and speed) a box will appear below the gyrocompass containing information on its mode and, if existent, the associated value.
; Heading control
: Whether it is active or not and on which mode it operates is determined by the content of the  <code>/autopilot/locks/heading</code> property.
: The values are taken from <code>/autopilot/settings/heading-bug-deg</code> and <code>/autopilot/settings/true-heading-deg</code>.
 
; Altitude control
: Active mode: <code>/autopilot/locks/altitude</code>
: Their values: <code>/autopilot/settings/target-altitude-ft</code>, <code>/autopilot/settings/vertical-speed-fpm</code> and <code>/autopilot/settings/target-agl-ft</code>.
 
; Speed control
: Active mode: <code>/autopilot/locks/speed</code>
: Their values: <code>/autopilot/settings/target-speed-kt</code> and <code>/autopilot/settings/target-speed-mach</code>
 
 
[[File:HUD_default_gps.jpg|thumb|420px|HUD GPS]]
=== [[GPS]] ===
The upper left hand corner shows the most important information on the actual state of the GPS. Namely these are (line by line):
: the mode the GPS operates in and the active waypoint's identifier.
: the distance "D" (in nautical miles, nm) and the calculated time to this waypoint "TTW".
: the bearing "BRG" to the active waypoint and the course deviation "XTR" based on the leg from the previous waypoint.
: the current speed relative to the ground "GS".
 
 
=== Big fat arrow ===
Remains of a going to be useful instrument.
: To get rid of it, remove or comment "runway.xml" from/in <tt>$FG_ROOT/Huds/[http://mapserver.flightgear.org/git/?p=fgdata;a=blob_plain;f=Huds/default.xml;hb=HEAD default.xml]</tt>.
: To make it point to the airport selected by menu item "Tower Position", apply patches as shown [http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=30422572 here].
 
 
== Further Information ==
HUDs may be replaced or added by changing or adding their paths in <tt>preferences.xml</tt> or by setting the paths as command line options. To change the order of the existing ones the options would be: <code>--prop:/sim/hud/path[1]=Huds/minimal.xml</code> <code>--prop:/sim/hud/path[2]=Huds/default.xml</code>
 
If you consider to create your own HUD have a look at [[Canvas HUD]] first.
 
The basic settings regarding to any HUD are set in <tt>$FG_ROOT/[http://mapserver.flightgear.org/git/?p=fgdata;a=blob_plain;f=preferences.xml;hb=HEAD preferences.xml]</tt>. Search the file for the <tt><hud></tt>-tag and you will find a list of properties.
 
The setup of the default HUD is defined at <tt>[[$FG_ROOT]]/Huds/[http://mapserver.flightgear.org/git/?p=fgdata;a=blob_plain;f=Huds/default.xml;hb=HEAD default.xml]</tt> and documentation can be found at <tt>$FG_ROOT/Docs/[https://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/fgdata/ci/next/tree/Docs/README.hud README.hud]</tt>.
 
 
== Additional HUDs ==
; Generic helicopter HUD
: This is a generic HUD for helicopters, inspired by MIL-STD 1295A and the AH-64A IHADSS symbology. [http://stefan.gofferje.net/downloads/flightgear/file/6-generic-helicopter-hud Download]
 
; HeliHUD
: Designed to fly helicopters in Helicopter View it is also handy for any craft with a not yet finished cockpit. It also contains a minimalistic HUD only showing some navigational information such as compass and GPS. The [http://beggabaur.rocks/fgfs/helihud_0.3.tar.bz2 download] contains instructions and specs.
 
; V(MX)-22 Osprey HUD
: [http://stefan.gofferje.net/downloads/flightgear/file/1-hud-for-vmx-22-osprey Download]
 
[[Category:FlightGear feature]]
[[Category:Menubar]]

Revision as of 09:40, 15 January 2018

Note  The HUD system will one day be replaced by a Canvas HUD system.

The Head-up display This is a link to a Wikipedia article (HUD) is an important instrument in modern, mostly military, cockpits. FlightGear provides a XML-based system to relatively easily create HUDs for aircraft such as the F-14B and F-16.

However, this article's focus is on FlightGear's default head-up displays. Those are available for any craft which does not include its own set. Have a look at Further Information if you're planning to create a HUD.

Activate the HUD with h. Pressing it repeatedly moves through the configured colours and turns it off again. To change the brightness, press Shift+h. Press Shift+i to go through the available HUDs. Press i to switch back to the first one at any time. Have in mind that some aircraft do assign one or more of those keys differently and therefore one or more function/s is/are missing on them.

Some of the head-up display's options can be altered in the menu: View → Adjust HUD Properties

Huds/default.xml
Huds/minimal.xml
Huds/NTPS.xml

Features

Control inputs

Aileron
Monitors the bearing of the control input on the aileron's axis. Attached along the upper side is the indicator for the trim input on that axis.
Properties: /controls/flight/aileron and /controls/flight/aileron-trim
Elevator
Monitors the bearing of the control input on the elevator's axis. Attached to the left the trim on this axis.
Properties: /controls/flight/elevator and /controls/flight/elevator-trim
Rudder
Monitors the bearing of the control input on the rudder's axis. Attached to the bottom the trim input.
Properties: /controls/flight/rudder and /controls/flight/rudder-trim
Throttle
Monitors the throttle input axis.
Property: /controls/engines/engine/throttle

Instruments

AMSL (Height above mean sea level)
Current altitude relative to sea level in feet (ft) (1 ft = 30.48 cm).
Property: /position/altitude-ft
g-load
The G-force This is a link to a Wikipedia article appealing to the pilot - to avoid black-/redout.
Property: /accelerations/pilot/z-accel-fps_sec with factor -0.03108095
Gyrocompass
This is an ideal version of a gyrocompass without the drawbacks of a real one. It shows heading of the aircraft relative to the geographical North Pole (true north) in degree (360 degree scale).
Property: /orientation/heading-deg
KIAS (Knots Indicated Airspeed)
Current speed relating to the ambient air in knot/knots (kt/kts) (1 kt = 1.151 mph = 1.852 km/h).
Property: /velocities/airspeed-kt
Latitude / Longitude
Current location according to the geographic coordinate system This is a link to a Wikipedia article.
To change the format of the displayed coordinates, go to Autopilot --> Set Lat/Lon-format.
Properties: /position/latitude-string and /position/longitude-string
Pitch ladder
Displays the aircraft's pitch and roll relative to the ground's level/horizontal in degree. It's used as an artificial horizon (Attitude indicator).
Properties: /orientation/roll-deg and /orientation/pitch-deg
Radio altimeter
Shows current altitude above ground level (AGL) in feet. Relating to the location of the aircraft's radio altimeter, it's not zero if the aircraft is on the ground.
Property: /position/altitude-agl-ft
Turn-bank-indicator
Turn Coordinator
Properties: /orientation/roll-deg and /orientation/side-slip-deg


HUD autopilot

Autopilot

If the autopilot is active the HUD displays its settings. For each active function (heading, altitude and speed) a box will appear below the gyrocompass containing information on its mode and, if existent, the associated value.

Heading control
Whether it is active or not and on which mode it operates is determined by the content of the /autopilot/locks/heading property.
The values are taken from /autopilot/settings/heading-bug-deg and /autopilot/settings/true-heading-deg.
Altitude control
Active mode: /autopilot/locks/altitude
Their values: /autopilot/settings/target-altitude-ft, /autopilot/settings/vertical-speed-fpm and /autopilot/settings/target-agl-ft.
Speed control
Active mode: /autopilot/locks/speed
Their values: /autopilot/settings/target-speed-kt and /autopilot/settings/target-speed-mach


HUD GPS

GPS

The upper left hand corner shows the most important information on the actual state of the GPS. Namely these are (line by line):

the mode the GPS operates in and the active waypoint's identifier.
the distance "D" (in nautical miles, nm) and the calculated time to this waypoint "TTW".
the bearing "BRG" to the active waypoint and the course deviation "XTR" based on the leg from the previous waypoint.
the current speed relative to the ground "GS".


Big fat arrow

Remains of a going to be useful instrument.

To get rid of it, remove or comment "runway.xml" from/in $FG_ROOT/Huds/default.xml.
To make it point to the airport selected by menu item "Tower Position", apply patches as shown here.


Further Information

HUDs may be replaced or added by changing or adding their paths in preferences.xml or by setting the paths as command line options. To change the order of the existing ones the options would be: --prop:/sim/hud/path[1]=Huds/minimal.xml --prop:/sim/hud/path[2]=Huds/default.xml

If you consider to create your own HUD have a look at Canvas HUD first.

The basic settings regarding to any HUD are set in $FG_ROOT/preferences.xml. Search the file for the <hud>-tag and you will find a list of properties.

The setup of the default HUD is defined at $FG_ROOT/Huds/default.xml and documentation can be found at $FG_ROOT/Docs/README.hud.


Additional HUDs

Generic helicopter HUD
This is a generic HUD for helicopters, inspired by MIL-STD 1295A and the AH-64A IHADSS symbology. Download
HeliHUD
Designed to fly helicopters in Helicopter View it is also handy for any craft with a not yet finished cockpit. It also contains a minimalistic HUD only showing some navigational information such as compass and GPS. The download contains instructions and specs.
V(MX)-22 Osprey HUD
Download