Cessna 550 Citation II: Difference between revisions

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(Turn this page from a stub to a full-featured article describing the current state of the Citation II in Subversion.)
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|fgname = Citation-II<br/>Sierra-Super-II
|fgname = Citation-II<br/>Sierra-Super-II
|download = http://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/fgaddon/HEAD/tarball?path=/trunk/Aircraft/Citation
|download = http://sourceforge.net/p/flightgear/fgaddon/HEAD/tarball?path=/trunk/Aircraft/Citation
}}[[File:Cessna550_cockpit.jpg|thumb|270px|The cockpit of a Cessna 550]]
}}
 
[[File:Cessna550_cockpit.jpg|thumb|270px|The cockpit of a Cessna 550]]


The '''Cessna 550 Citation II''' debuted in [[FlightGear]] 0.9.8 in January 2005. It has two "special views": passenger 1 and passenger 2.
The '''Cessna 550 Citation II''' debuted in [[FlightGear]] 0.9.8 in January 2005. It has two "special views": passenger 1 and passenger 2.


'''Note: this article describes the Citation II in Subversion, not the 3.2 release.'''
{{note|his article describes the Citation II in Subversion (as of January 2015), not the 3.2 release.}}


= Overview =
== Overview ==
The Cessna 550/551 Citation II is a light corporate jet built between 1978 and 2006. The FlightGear model is a luxury corporate jet for two pilots and seven passengers. However you should not view the original Citation II as a real jet; with a cruising speed of only 330 KTAS, it was really intended as a competitor for high-end twin turboprops.


The Cessna 550/551 Citation II is a light corporate jet built between 1978 and 2006.
The Cessna 550 requires two pilots; the 551 is the same aircraft certified for single-pilot use.
The FlightGear model is a luxury corporate jet for two pilots and seven passengers.
However you should not view the original Citation II as a real jet; with a cruising speed of only 330 KTAS, it was
really intended as a competitor for high-end twin turboprops.


The Cessna 550 requires two pilots; the 551 is the same aircraft certified for
Later variants of this aircraft include the Cessna Citation Bravo, which has newer avionics (available separately in FlightGear), the Cessna Citation S/II with improved wings (not currently available in FlightGear), and the Sierra Super II, available together with this aircraft in FlightGear.
single-pilot use.


Later variants of this aircraft include the Cessna Citation Bravo, which has newer
The Sierra Super II is an aftermarket modification of the Cessna 550/551 which replaces the engines with Williams International FJ44-3 turbofans introduced in 2004.  They
avionics (available separately in FlightGear), the Cessna Citation S/II with improved
provide more thrust and less fuel consumption.  Climb performance in particular is dramatically improved.
wings (not currently available in FlightGear), and the Sierra Super II, available
together with this aircraft in FlightGear.


The Sierra Super II is an aftermarket modification of the Cessna 550/551 which replaces
The new engines lack thrust reversers; they are not needed because their idle thrust is only 40 lbf, as opposed to 400 lbf on the old engines.
the engines with Williams International FJ44-3 turbofans introduced in 2004.  They
provide more thrust and less fuel consumption.  Climb performance in particular is
dramatically improved.
 
The new engines lack thrust reversers; they are not needed because their idle thrust is
only 40 lbf, as opposed to 400 lbf on the old engines.


Features available in FlightGear include:
Features available in FlightGear include:
Line 55: Line 46:
* GPS navigation as an aftermarket modification
* GPS navigation as an aftermarket modification


At low altitude, this aeroplane is light and slow enough for sightseeing in the canyons.
At low altitude, this aeroplane is light and slow enough for sightseeing in the canyons. At high altitude, it is fast enough for medium-haul, multiple-hour flights and GPS navigation.  You can fly VFR or IFR, with or without GPS.
At high altitude, it is fast enough for medium-haul, multiple-hour flights and GPS
navigation.  You can fly VFR or IFR, with or without GPS.
 
= Startup =


== Startup ==
Use the aircraft checklist for startup instructions; alternatively, press S for autostart.
Use the aircraft checklist for startup instructions; alternatively, press S for autostart.


= Performance =
== Performance ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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|}
|}


= Autopilot =
== Autopilot ==
The autopilot will disengage 500 feet above ground level or below the decision height selected on the radio altimeter, whichever is highest.  This implies that you must climb at least to 500 ft above ground before you engage the autopilot.  In addition, you should never engage autopilot while manoeuvering; always stabilize the aeroplane before you engage autopilot.


The autopilot will disengage 500 feet above ground level or below the decision height
When the FD OFF button is illuminated, the autopilot is OFFClicking this button will engage the autopilot in wing leveler (horizontal) and pitch hold (vertical) modes. You can also engage autopilot, with the same effects, with the AP ENGAGE button between the seats. The following lateral, vertical and speed modes are available:
selected on the radio altimeter, whichever is highestThis implies that you must climb
at least to 500 ft above ground before you engage the autopilot. In addition, you
should never engage autopilot while manoeuvering; always stabilize the aeroplane before
you engage autopilot.


When the FD OFF button is illuminated, the autopilot is OFFClicking this button will
=== Lateral modes ===
engage the autopilot in wing leveler (horizontal) and pitch hold (vertical) modes. You
; Wing Leveler:  All lights are off
can also engage autopilot, with the same effects, with the AP ENGAGE button between the
; HDG:  Follow the magnetic heading bug selected on the pilot's HSI.
seatsThe following lateral, vertical and speed modes are available:
; NAV:  Follow the radial selected on either NAV1 or NAV2Switch between NAV1 and NAV2 using the NAV/HSI button.
; GPS:  Follow the course selected by GPS. To engage, click on the NAV button a second time.
; APR:  Click this button to engage both NAV1 and glideslope for an ILS approachNote that, since the autopilot will disengage at least 500 ft above ground, this aeroplane is certified only for CAT I ILS approaches; it has no autoland capability.


== Lateral modes ==
=== Vertical modes ===
; Pitch hold:  All lights are off.  Adjust pitch (in increments of 1 degree) with the PITCH wheel between the seats.
; ALT:  Climb or descend to, then maintain the altitude selected with the ALT knob left of the ADF radio.  You can adjust the selected altitude with this knob or with the PITCH wheel between the seats.
; V/S: Hold current vertical speed.  Adjust the selected vertical speed with the PITCH wheel between the seats.


* Wing Leveler: all lights are off
You should engage ALT mode in more or less level flight with an angle of attack no greater than 0.2 and airspeed at least 220 KIASThe autopilot includes a climb schedule and will climb at a speed appropriate for your engines; it will automatically decrease the rate of climb as you gain altitude.
* HDG: follow the magnetic heading bug selected on the pilot's HSI.
* NAV: follow the radial selected on either NAV1 or NAV2. Switch between NAV1 and NAV2 using the NAV/HSI button.
* GPS: follow the course selected by GPSTo engage, click on the NAV button a second time.
* APR: click this button to engage both NAV1 and glideslope for an ILS approach.  Note that, since the autopilot will disengage at least 500 ft above ground, this aeroplane is certified only for CAT I ILS approaches; it has no autoland capability.


== Vertical modes ==
On the base Citation II, you need a stepped climb and 45 minutes to reach FL410.  The first step should be at FL330 or thereabouts.


* Pitch hold: all lights are off.  Adjust pitch (in increments of 1 degree) with the PITCH wheel between the seats.
On the re-engined Super II, you can climb all the way to FL430 in one step, even at MTOW, provided you respect the prerequisites listed above before engaging ALT mode.
* ALT: climb or descend to, then maintain the altitude selected with the ALT knob left of the ADF radio.  You can adjust the selected altitude with this knob or with the PITCH wheel between the seats.
* V/S: hold current vertical speed.  Adjust the selected vertical speed with the PITCH wheel between the seats.


You should engage ALT mode in more-or-less level flight with an angle of attack no greater than
=== Speed modes ===
0.2 and airspeed at least 220 KIAS.  The autopilot includes a climb schedule and will climb
; Autothrottle: Engage and disengage with Ctrl+S to hold current indicated airspeed.  Note that the real Citation II does not have this, so you may consider using autothrottle cheating.
at a speed appropriate for your engines; it will automatically decrease the rate of climb as you gain
altitude.
 
On the base Citation II, you need a stepped climb and 45 minutes to reach FL410.  The first step
should be at FL330 or thereabouts.
 
On the re-engined Super II, you can climb all the way to FL430 in one step, even at MTOW,
provided you respect the prerequisites listed above before engaging ALT mode.
 
== Speed modes ==
 
* Autothrottle: engage and disengage with Ctrl+S to hold current indicated airspeed.  Note that the real Citation II does not have this, so you may consider using autothrottle cheating.
 
= Radio navigation =


== Radio navigation ==
Tune the two NAV and COM radios and the sole ADF radio on the cockpit.
Tune the two NAV and COM radios and the sole ADF radio on the cockpit.


=== Horizontal Situation Indicators ===
=== Horizontal Situation Indicators ===
 
On startup, the captain's horizontal situation indicator uses NAV1 and the copilot's HSI uses NAV2. The NAV/HSI button under each HSI switches between NAV1 and NAV2.  If the autopilot is engaged
On startup, the captain's horizontal situation indicator uses NAV1 and the copilot's HSI uses NAV2.
in NAV mode, then the autopilot will also switch between NAV1 and NAV2.  The best usage of this feature is as follows:
The NAV/HSI button under each HSI switches between NAV1 and NAV2.  If the autopilot is engaged
in NAV mode, then the autopilot will also switch between NAV1 and NAV2.  The best usage of this
feature is as follows:


# Tune the NAV1 radio to a VOR beacon.
# Tune the NAV1 radio to a VOR beacon.
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# Repeat as necessary.
# Repeat as necessary.


The two HSIs feature an integrated Radio Magnetic Indicator: the thin red arrow points to the
The two HSIs feature an integrated Radio Magnetic Indicator: the thin red arrow points to the selected VOR beacon (either NAV1 or NAV2).  They also have a built-in Distance Measuring Equipment showing the distance between you and the selected beacon, in nautical miles.
selected VOR beacon (either NAV1 or NAV2).  They also have a built-in Distance Measuring
Equipment showing the distance between you and the selected beacon, in nautical miles.
 
== Radio Magnetic Indicators ==


The cockpit has additional Radio Magnetic Indicators on both the pilot and copilot side.
=== Radio Magnetic Indicators ===
This indicator has two arrows and two buttons:
The cockpit has additional Radio Magnetic Indicators on both the pilot and copilot side. This indicator has two arrows and two buttons:


* the left button switches the single-stemmed arrow to point either to the NAV1 VOR beacon or to the NDB.
* The ''left'' button switches the single-stemmed arrow to point either to the NAV1 VOR beacon or to the NDB.
* the right button switches the double-stemmed arrow to point either to the NAV2 VOR beacon or to the NDB.
* The ''right'' button switches the double-stemmed arrow to point either to the NAV2 VOR beacon or to the NDB.


Combined with the HSI you can have arrows pointing simultaneously to all three beacons.  By default:
Combined with the HSI you can have arrows pointing simultaneously to all three beacons.  By default:


* the single-stemmed arrow points to the NDB selected on the ADF radio
* The ''single-stemmed'' arrow points to the NDB selected on the ADF radio
* the double-stemmed arrow points to the VOR beacon selected on the NAV2 radio
* The ''double-stemmed'' arrow points to the VOR beacon selected on the NAV2 radio
* the thin red needle of the HSI points to the VOR beacon selected on the NAV1 radio
* The ''thin red needle'' of the HSI points to the VOR beacon selected on the NAV1 radio
 
== Glideslope NAV1 indicator ==
 
To the left of the pilot's HSI is an additional NAV1 indicator with two needles; this merely
repeats localizer and glideslope information from the HSI and from the attitude indicator.
Thus you have triple redundancy :)  This instrument is hardwired to NAV1, so you can fly
an ILS approach by hand while simultaneously pointing your HSI at the NAV2 beacon.


== Distance Measuring Equipment ==
=== Glideslope NAV1 indicator ===
To the left of the pilot's HSI is an additional NAV1 indicator with two needles; this merely repeats localizer and glideslope information from the HSI and from the attitude indicator.
Thus you have triple redundancy :)  This instrument is hardwired to NAV1, so you can fly an ILS approach by hand while simultaneously pointing your HSI at the NAV2 beacon.


The DME shows the distance in nautical miles to the selected beacon.  You can use
=== Distance Measuring Equipment ===
it either to repeat the information on the HSI or to show the distance to the other beacon.
The DME shows the distance in nautical miles to the selected beacon.  You can use it either to repeat the information on the HSI or to show the distance to the other beacon.
This instrument also shows your speed towards or from the beacon (''not'' your groundspeed:
This instrument also shows your speed towards or from the beacon (''not'' your groundspeed: Only the component of your groundspeed that is on the line between you and the beacon), or
only the component of your groundspeed that is on the line between you and the beacon), or
the time to go to the beacon in minutes at your current speed.
the time to go to the beacon in minutes at your current speed.


= GPS navigation =
== GPS navigation ==
 
The original Citation II did not have a GPS but both it and the re-engined Sierra Super II have two aftermarket additions that enable basic GPS navigation.
The original Citation II did not have a GPS but both it and the re-engined Sierra Super II
have two aftermarket additions that enable basic GPS navigation.


=== ZVK500 GPS instrument ===
=== ZVK500 GPS instrument ===
 
This instrument is available as part of the base FlightGear package and is sahared with the Lionceau light propeller aircraft.  It features a very basic display of current position,
This instrument is available as part of the base FlightGear package and is sahared with the
next waypoint, time to waypoint, direct route (DTO) mode, etc.  For more details, see [[https://gitorious.org/fg/fgdata/source/Aircraft/Instruments-3d/zkv500/manual.txt its documentation]].
Lionceau light propeller aircraft.  It features a very basic display of current position,
next waypoint, time to waypoint, direct route (DTO) mode, etc.  For more details, see
[[https://gitorious.org/fg/fgdata/source/Aircraft/Instruments-3d/zkv500/manual.txt its documentation]].


=== Control Display Unit ===
=== Control Display Unit ===
The CDU on the central console allows you to create a simple route from one airport to another.


The CDU on the central console allows you to create a simple route from one airport to another.
To create a route:
To create a route:


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# Click ACTIVATE.
# Click ACTIVATE.


This activates the Route Manager, which you can of course still control with the generic Route Manager
This activates the Route Manager, which you can of course still control with the generic Route Manager dialog.  The ZVK500 unit in POSITION mode will then display where you stand on the selected route.
dialog.  The ZVK500 unit in POSITION mode will then display where you stand on the selected route.


= External link =
== External link ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_Citation_II Wikipedia]
* {{wikipedia|Cessna Citation II}} Wikipedia article


{{Cessna}}
{{Cessna}}


[[Category:Business aircraft]]
[[Category:Business aircraft]]

Revision as of 03:10, 28 January 2015

Rembrandtready.png

Cessna 550 Citation II
Cessna550.jpg
Type Business jet
Author(s) Curtis Olson, Syd Adams, Ludovic Brenta, chrisblues
FDM YASim
--aircraft= /Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II

/Citation-II
Sierra-Super-II
Status Production
 FDM Stars-5.png
 Systems Stars-4.png
 Cockpit Stars-4.png
 Model Stars-4.png
Download Download the Cessna 550 Citation II aircraft package for the current stable release (2020.3).
The cockpit of a Cessna 550

The Cessna 550 Citation II debuted in FlightGear 0.9.8 in January 2005. It has two "special views": passenger 1 and passenger 2.

Note  his article describes the Citation II in Subversion (as of January 2015), not the 3.2 release.

Overview

The Cessna 550/551 Citation II is a light corporate jet built between 1978 and 2006. The FlightGear model is a luxury corporate jet for two pilots and seven passengers. However you should not view the original Citation II as a real jet; with a cruising speed of only 330 KTAS, it was really intended as a competitor for high-end twin turboprops.

The Cessna 550 requires two pilots; the 551 is the same aircraft certified for single-pilot use.

Later variants of this aircraft include the Cessna Citation Bravo, which has newer avionics (available separately in FlightGear), the Cessna Citation S/II with improved wings (not currently available in FlightGear), and the Sierra Super II, available together with this aircraft in FlightGear.

The Sierra Super II is an aftermarket modification of the Cessna 550/551 which replaces the engines with Williams International FJ44-3 turbofans introduced in 2004. They provide more thrust and less fuel consumption. Climb performance in particular is dramatically improved.

The new engines lack thrust reversers; they are not needed because their idle thrust is only 40 lbf, as opposed to 400 lbf on the old engines.

Features available in FlightGear include:

  • Choice of two variants: the basic Citation II or the re-engined Sierra Super II
  • Several liveries
  • Several checklists
  • Autostart
  • Weight and speed limitations
  • Tuned autopilot with built-in climb schedule
  • Working speedbrakes (engage with K, retract with J)
  • Working thrust reversers (engage with DEL) on the Citation II only
  • GPS navigation as an aftermarket modification

At low altitude, this aeroplane is light and slow enough for sightseeing in the canyons. At high altitude, it is fast enough for medium-haul, multiple-hour flights and GPS navigation. You can fly VFR or IFR, with or without GPS.

Startup

Use the aircraft checklist for startup instructions; alternatively, press S for autostart.

Performance

Citation II Sierra Super II
Never exceed speed 263 KIAS  263 KIAS
Typical cruise speed at FL410 330 KTAS 370 KTAS
Range at MTOW and full fuel, FL410, full throttle 1900 nmi 2500 nmi
Endurance (hours) at full throttle 5:45  6:33
Climb rate at sea level 3000 fpm 6000 fpm
Thrust reversers  yes  no

Autopilot

The autopilot will disengage 500 feet above ground level or below the decision height selected on the radio altimeter, whichever is highest. This implies that you must climb at least to 500 ft above ground before you engage the autopilot. In addition, you should never engage autopilot while manoeuvering; always stabilize the aeroplane before you engage autopilot.

When the FD OFF button is illuminated, the autopilot is OFF. Clicking this button will engage the autopilot in wing leveler (horizontal) and pitch hold (vertical) modes. You can also engage autopilot, with the same effects, with the AP ENGAGE button between the seats. The following lateral, vertical and speed modes are available:

Lateral modes

Wing Leveler
All lights are off
HDG
Follow the magnetic heading bug selected on the pilot's HSI.
NAV
Follow the radial selected on either NAV1 or NAV2. Switch between NAV1 and NAV2 using the NAV/HSI button.
GPS
Follow the course selected by GPS. To engage, click on the NAV button a second time.
APR
Click this button to engage both NAV1 and glideslope for an ILS approach. Note that, since the autopilot will disengage at least 500 ft above ground, this aeroplane is certified only for CAT I ILS approaches; it has no autoland capability.

Vertical modes

Pitch hold
All lights are off. Adjust pitch (in increments of 1 degree) with the PITCH wheel between the seats.
ALT
Climb or descend to, then maintain the altitude selected with the ALT knob left of the ADF radio. You can adjust the selected altitude with this knob or with the PITCH wheel between the seats.
V/S
Hold current vertical speed. Adjust the selected vertical speed with the PITCH wheel between the seats.

You should engage ALT mode in more or less level flight with an angle of attack no greater than 0.2 and airspeed at least 220 KIAS. The autopilot includes a climb schedule and will climb at a speed appropriate for your engines; it will automatically decrease the rate of climb as you gain altitude.

On the base Citation II, you need a stepped climb and 45 minutes to reach FL410. The first step should be at FL330 or thereabouts.

On the re-engined Super II, you can climb all the way to FL430 in one step, even at MTOW, provided you respect the prerequisites listed above before engaging ALT mode.

Speed modes

Autothrottle
Engage and disengage with Ctrl+S to hold current indicated airspeed. Note that the real Citation II does not have this, so you may consider using autothrottle cheating.

Radio navigation

Tune the two NAV and COM radios and the sole ADF radio on the cockpit.

Horizontal Situation Indicators

On startup, the captain's horizontal situation indicator uses NAV1 and the copilot's HSI uses NAV2. The NAV/HSI button under each HSI switches between NAV1 and NAV2. If the autopilot is engaged in NAV mode, then the autopilot will also switch between NAV1 and NAV2. The best usage of this feature is as follows:

  1. Tune the NAV1 radio to a VOR beacon.
  2. Select the NAV1 radial on the captain's HSI.
  3. Fly the selected radial.
  4. Tune the NAV2 radio to another VOR beacon.
  5. Select the NAV2 radial on the copilot's HSI.
  6. When you intercept the radial selected on NAV2, click on the NAV/HSI button on the captain's side. The autopilot will now follow the NAV2 radial.
  7. Switch the copilot's HSI to NAV1.
  8. Tune NAV1 to a third VOR beacon.
  9. Select the NAV1 radial on the copilot's HSI.
  10. Repeat as necessary.

The two HSIs feature an integrated Radio Magnetic Indicator: the thin red arrow points to the selected VOR beacon (either NAV1 or NAV2). They also have a built-in Distance Measuring Equipment showing the distance between you and the selected beacon, in nautical miles.

Radio Magnetic Indicators

The cockpit has additional Radio Magnetic Indicators on both the pilot and copilot side. This indicator has two arrows and two buttons:

  • The left button switches the single-stemmed arrow to point either to the NAV1 VOR beacon or to the NDB.
  • The right button switches the double-stemmed arrow to point either to the NAV2 VOR beacon or to the NDB.

Combined with the HSI you can have arrows pointing simultaneously to all three beacons. By default:

  • The single-stemmed arrow points to the NDB selected on the ADF radio
  • The double-stemmed arrow points to the VOR beacon selected on the NAV2 radio
  • The thin red needle of the HSI points to the VOR beacon selected on the NAV1 radio

Glideslope NAV1 indicator

To the left of the pilot's HSI is an additional NAV1 indicator with two needles; this merely repeats localizer and glideslope information from the HSI and from the attitude indicator. Thus you have triple redundancy :) This instrument is hardwired to NAV1, so you can fly an ILS approach by hand while simultaneously pointing your HSI at the NAV2 beacon.

Distance Measuring Equipment

The DME shows the distance in nautical miles to the selected beacon. You can use it either to repeat the information on the HSI or to show the distance to the other beacon. This instrument also shows your speed towards or from the beacon (not your groundspeed: Only the component of your groundspeed that is on the line between you and the beacon), or the time to go to the beacon in minutes at your current speed.

GPS navigation

The original Citation II did not have a GPS but both it and the re-engined Sierra Super II have two aftermarket additions that enable basic GPS navigation.

ZVK500 GPS instrument

This instrument is available as part of the base FlightGear package and is sahared with the Lionceau light propeller aircraft. It features a very basic display of current position, next waypoint, time to waypoint, direct route (DTO) mode, etc. For more details, see [its documentation].

Control Display Unit

The CDU on the central console allows you to create a simple route from one airport to another.

To create a route:

  1. Click on the DEP ARR button.
  2. Type the ICAO code of your departure airport.
  3.  Click on the ORIGIN (top left) button.
  4.  Type the ICAO code of your destination airport.
  5.  Click on the DEST (top right) button.
  6. Optionally type the departure runway number then click the RWY button.
  7.  Click ACTIVATE.

This activates the Route Manager, which you can of course still control with the generic Route Manager dialog. The ZVK500 unit in POSITION mode will then display where you stand on the selected route.

External link