Boeing 777-200 Tutorial/KSFO-KLAX: Difference between revisions

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'''to get the purple dotted line to it's correct position '''
'''to get the purple dotted line to it's correct position '''
'''Press Close '''
'''Press Close '''
=Autopilot Basics=
Once you are on your desired course , turn the inner part of the HDG dial to that
course , the outer part of the dial sets the maximum bank angle and is not vital to use at this stage... Once you have set the dial to your desired course click the heading button
it should lite up yellow indicating that it is now engaged . This will steer the plane
but will not maintain hight or speed .Do not engage autothrottle ...rather when you have levelled
out a bit click the VS button (this will maintain your current rate of climb and decent)
so as soon as you click VS immediatly set the VS dial to zero and then experiment with positive
or negative rates of climb .Note even if you set the VS dail to zero BEFORE your click VS button
it will still use your current climb or decent rate when you activate it , so be ready
to scrable to set it to zero when you click it , and if you try to use VS make sure you are flying reasonably level , it has caught me a few times  , you can change your heading and climb /decent rate while the buttons are engaged which is an ablity that makes it possible to tweak your flight . At this stage it is preferable to operate the throttle manually although
you can experiment whith the SPD controlls remember that using VS (vertical speed) will require
you to watch the throttle setting and airspeed VERY CAREFULLY...! Again VS does not set the throttle so using the VS feature will require you to add or subtract throttle as required
to maintain the desired airspeed !
(more advanced Auto Pilot tutorial will be posted soon Vaeron)





Revision as of 16:43, 12 December 2009

Welcome to the Vaerospace Advanced Flightgear tutorial pages

Learn to Fly the 777-200ER like a Pro !

Your first City to City Flight...!

Note: It is necessary to have the scenery for Los Angeles Installed(It does not come with the standard package and ***MUST*** be downloaded. Download Link(105 MB), Extract the Package into your Scenery Folder

Do you have questions ,problems ,nedd help ,guidance or just want to chat about all things flying 777and airliner then this is your corner of the net where you can speak freely and I (vaeron) am sure to reply enjoy your flight !

We begin with flight planning. The first thing we have to plan is which standard departure route we need to fly and which standard high altitude route we are going to follow(Thats in real life!!!). For now we need to get up and level at 300-320 knots around 15,000-20,000 ft and follow the VOR (and VORTAC) beacons as specified in this tutorial.

[Thanx to Boeing for this modern miracle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_777 all you need to know here]



What You need to Know

Vwiki123.jpg

The FAA instrument manual(8 MB) Very Informative Manual, Must Read for better Understanding!

The Automatic Direction Finder uses a transmitter and aerial on the ground , an NDB (Non Directional Beacon )that allows the ADF instrument to point to the aerial that is tuned at a specified frequency . So..no matter what direction you are travelling in ...the needle (the "middle" portion that moves from side to side tells you how close or far away you are from your desired course steer in the opposite direction to the direction it is moving to move back to the desired course this part of the needle is called the CDI ...Course Deviation Indicator)... the main part of the needle points to the station . In the RMI (radio Magnetic Indicator ) we can select a plain ADF frequency or the more information rich VOR signal , which is similar but has more information...it points to a selected direction 0-360 to the beacon you which once the needle is pointing at twelve o' clock or straight forward toward your selected VOR ( vor = Vhf {very high frequency) Omnidirectional Range-finder )you can press F12 and enter your current heading plus or minus 180 , in the radial box on the nav 1 line . (RADIALS are the Direction In Degrees directly FROM a VOR Tower 180 degrees opposite from your real Heading ...Towards ...a Tower)


The current should read 280 by default change that to the heading  you are on when the needle is  pointing forward  ie 12 bells 
 All of these instruments are combined in the left screen of the 777-200ER    

Note headings work in 360 degrees ...0/360 is always north 90 east.. 180 South... and 270 west so adding 180 degrees to your salinas heading which sould be 140 will give a RADIAL of 320 no matter wheather you add or subtract ...in the radio comms dialog enter the heading plus or minus 180 deg. for your RADIAL

Messing with george the Ap (Autopilot)

We are doing this to set the OBS LIne which is set as "heading Bug" in F11 autopilot popup menu ...press F11 and enter your HEADING appox 140 in the heading bug section' to get the purple dotted line to it's correct position Press Close

Autopilot Basics

Once you are on your desired course , turn the inner part of the HDG dial to that course , the outer part of the dial sets the maximum bank angle and is not vital to use at this stage... Once you have set the dial to your desired course click the heading button it should lite up yellow indicating that it is now engaged . This will steer the plane but will not maintain hight or speed .Do not engage autothrottle ...rather when you have levelled out a bit click the VS button (this will maintain your current rate of climb and decent) so as soon as you click VS immediatly set the VS dial to zero and then experiment with positive or negative rates of climb .Note even if you set the VS dail to zero BEFORE your click VS button it will still use your current climb or decent rate when you activate it , so be ready to scrable to set it to zero when you click it , and if you try to use VS make sure you are flying reasonably level , it has caught me a few times , you can change your heading and climb /decent rate while the buttons are engaged which is an ablity that makes it possible to tweak your flight . At this stage it is preferable to operate the throttle manually although you can experiment whith the SPD controlls remember that using VS (vertical speed) will require you to watch the throttle setting and airspeed VERY CAREFULLY...! Again VS does not set the throttle so using the VS feature will require you to add or subtract throttle as required to maintain the desired airspeed !


(more advanced Auto Pilot tutorial will be posted soon Vaeron)



[ http://www.navfltsm.addr.com I strongly Recomend this site  ! For learning more on aerial navigation navfltsim is 5 star site You need this... ]

[ http://www.skyvector.com It's time to learn how to plan your route with this 5 star Free Airchart Site -USA charts only]

Otherwise just fly as you did and learn as much as possible you should be well for your landing at KLAX ...RULE ONE AT VAEROSPACE Don't Panic Once you get the "feel" for it... Try and do it with the internet feature ..check the fetch real weather in the Flightgear Launcher ...but at first practice with setting the weather to as clear as possible. Ie Noon with clear weather.

Using the Auto Pilot for the first time

Assuming you are in the air and at above 3000ft get the 777 roughly on course and to cruise speed ,now set the heading dial on the Autopilot to your heading (the inside part of the dial) of say 150 and press the hold key (it should light or yellow) now set the altitude to 19500ft using the altitude dial and press alt button ,you can change the settings while you have these functions engaged so instead of de-activating them to make ajustments you simply set the desired course and altitude while they are engaged ...note please read the flightgear Autopilot wiki carefully to more fully understand the Auto pilot ,there are many things you need to know.

Salinas nav1 117.3

Pick a runway at KSFO (San Francisco intnl.) ...such as 28 R .get off the ground and turn on heading of 150 degrees ...now set nav1 to Salinas(117.3) DME about 65 naughts away and steer the 777 toward the needle ( if the needle deviates from the 12'o clock position ) you steer toward or into the needle ,it will begin to move back toward 12'0 clock ...doing this frequently is called bird dogging (or bracketing) and should be avoided

...

Paso Robales 114.3

Oki-doki...set nav 2 (be sure to switch both nav toggle switches on on the panel and set nav 2 to 114.3 ...when you are approx 20 -30 dme away from salinas steer onto the nav 2 needle to 12'o clock ie pointing straight ahead and set nav 1 to our next beacon ...make sure you remember which needle is for nav1 and which is for nav 2 ...nav two is the "skinny one" :)

San Marcus 114.9

This shows the san Marcus and Oxnard VOR sites

Using the same strategy to avoid to much bird dogging ((chasing the needle)

turn onto the nav1 needle 20 DME from paso robales and maintain your chosen flight level ...do not exceed 25 000 ft (you're a beginner /Flight Level 250 )

...once on route to San Marcus immediatly switch nav 2 to Oxnard and use the same procedure

Oxnard 108.7 Coming Down

30 Dme from oxnard bring the aircraft down gently (no more than 150 ft per min) to 8000 ft and level out at 285 knts..do not use speedbrakes


Now do a visual check ..as you come into the bay area over the water Klax is close stay 4-5 DME out to sea ..and descend to 2500 ft

Your first all instrument approach to KLAX

This is the Air chart showing The airport

Your first all instrument approach will be to runway 6 R ,which is the 2ND of 4 main runways as seen from left to right in your current approach . ILS (Instrument Landing System . which is a special type of radio beacon for landing ) or 'Localiser' Now set nav 1 to 111.7(the localiser beacon) set nav 2 to KLAX VOR 113.6 (note you must be under 2500ft for the vertical guidance or "glide slope " portion to "intercept" it's signal so ,lining your approach up to set up the ILS is vital. (We will tackle this in our next flight from Boston to New York)The localiser gives you traditional VOR guidance from up to 20 DME away and vertical "glideslope Guidance" 4-5 DME and under 2500ft directly in front of the runway .(note the vor CDI green needle will not point to the correct heading of your runway when close by or on approach as it it not situated on the runway , establish the exact magnetic and true headings for you runway and set your heading bug in the F11 autopilot menu , you can obtain all the information you need from airnav.com) I have also included the headings you need in the next section.

Set nav1 to the localiser for runway 6 R (right) (that the 2nd leftmost runway visable from out at sea maintaining your heading untill the needle is at 10 o' clock (ie pointing left ) now turn the aircraft into the needle so it point forward or upright again... you should be on a heading of approx. 69 degrees magnetic degrees you need to be on this heading as it is the EXACT direction of the runway (069 in the heading bug )... to make sure you can land you should plot a position PAST the oxnard vor...out into the bay area and then at the right moment turn left onto the runway heading of 69 degrees , this is called your Final Approach Fix (FAF) do this using a chart if you intend trying this in anything other than perfect visual conditions .In my new route we continue learning the various ways of determining your FAF and Navigation between Cities . Boston -New York (coming soon)

... at the bottom of the left flightscreen (primus 1000 efis) there are white markers and another white indicator will appear , if this indicator is in the centre of the marks , there are two sets ...one for heading into runway and the other(verical white ticks on the right of the left screen) for pitch or "glideslope" these scales and thier markers should always be "Dead Center" if they are you are bang on line for your runway... only good planning will make this so . In real life an IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) landing will require two charts (amongst others SIDS , TAC , RUNWAY , SECTIONAL , EN ROUTE , and NOTAMS Notices to Airman) that the pilot must obtain ... the first is for a Standard Arrival Route (STAR chart) and the second for the specific runway approach information called an "Approach Plate" which contains specific information for each runway .

NEVER do an instrument approach with the nose of the 777 pointing down more than 3-5 degrees ..you will crash ! Your decent and heading into any runway must be carefully planned ! The weather ALWAYS PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE ....

Head for Runway 6 Right and land as usual...Remember ..runway numbers are reciprocal , 180 degrees , so runways are marked with thier Approximate Headings , typically numberd as such , the zero's in brackets serve as illustration only ...1-19(0) 2-20(0) 3-21(0) 4-22(0) and L(eft) or R(ight)... in the case of Two Parallel Runways. KLAX has 4 ...long , almost parallel , Runways...marked 6 - 24 L/R and 7-25L/R


I knt in the 777-200ER is 1.1515 Miles per Hour

Now  upgrading and Expanding please revisit ;)

New website URL (under constructiom http://vaeronix.000space.com/index.html

[Go now to Captain Vaeron's main site at googlepages http://www.vaero.za.net  fixed 12/12/2009]

[Hyperspace to the Vaerospace Forums http://vaerospace.freeforums.org] You are the future !