ATC-pie user guide: Difference between revisions

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{{forum|83|ATC-Pie support & development}}
{{forum|83|ATC-Pie support & development}}


This article is a guide to '''[[ATC-pie]]''', describing some of its major features. A more exhaustive list can be found in the main article. For download and installation help, refer to the [[ATC-pie installation guide]].
This article is a guide to the air traffic control simulation program [[ATC-pie]], describing some of its major features. A more exhaustive list can be found in the main article. For download and installation help, refer to the [[ATC-pie installation guide]]. For support and troubleshooting, the [[ATC-pie FAQ]] might get you an answer first. Otherwise kindly ask on the dedicated FlightGear sub-forum so that the discussion is public.


Anyone motivated to write a full user guide is obviously welcome to contact the developer, or improve this article. For support and troubleshooting, the [[ATC-pie FAQ]] might get you an answer first. Otherwise kindly ask on the FlightGear forum, where we have a dedicated sub-forum, so the discussion is public and its contents shared.
Other ways to learn the program are:
 
* to watch the online [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1EQKKHhDVJvvWpcX_BqeOIsmeW2A_8Yb video tutorial];
Other sources to learn the program are:
* to read the in-app ''Quick reference'' available from the ''Help'' menu (summary of mouse/keyboard gestures, display conventions...);
* the [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1EQKKHhDVJvvWpcX_BqeOIsmeW2A_8Yb online] '''video tutorial''';
* to connect with a skilled teacher as a student (personal training);
* the in-app '''quick reference''' available from the ''Help'' menu (summary of mouse/keyboard gestures, display conventions...);
* to [[#Solo_sessions|train solo]]!
* a skilled '''teacher''' to connect to as a student (personal training);
* to '''play solo'''!


== Flight strips ==
== Flight strips ==


Whether dematerialised or on physical paper, printed out or filled by hand, the '''flight progress strip''' is the essential piece of air and ground traffic control. Every aircraft in contact is represented by a unique strip, and every strip represents a contact. This helps to ensure that no aircraft is ever forgotten about. Strip positioning and updating then enable to monitor the aircraft's status, sequence number, position, intentions, etc.
Whether electronic (dematerialised) or on paper, printed automatically or filled by hand, the '''flight progress strip''' is the essential piece of air and ground traffic control. Every aircraft in contact is represented by a unique strip on the ATC workbench, and every strip represents a unique contact, present or expected. This ensures that no aircraft is ever forgotten about. Strip positioning and updating then enable to monitor the aircraft's status, sequence number, position, intentions, etc.


=== Filling details and linking ===
=== Strip details and linking ===
A click on the "new strip" tool bar button (shortcut F2) or double-click on an empty rack space will open a dialog to fill flight details on a fresh strip, e.g. destination, type of aircraft, etc. Double-clicking on an existing strip allows to edit the filled details.
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-stripDetailSheet.png|thumbnail|The ATC-pie strip detail sheet]]
A click on the "new strip" tool bar button (shortcut {{key press|F2}}) or double-click on an empty strip rack or bay space will open a dialog to fill flight details on a fresh blank strip, e.g. callsign, type of aircraft, destination, etc. Double-clicking on an existing strip allows to edit the filled details.


If providing radar service, strips should be '''linked''' to identified contacts to inform the radar display with the filled details and enable joint selection. To link a strip to a radar contact, select one and middle-click on the other. Conflicts between the strip details and the values squawked by the linked transponder contact are reported: the strip displays a "!!XPDR" warning and the strip dialog labels the conflicting details.
If providing radar service, strips should be '''linked''' to identified contacts to inform the radar display with the filled details, e.g. assigned altitude, and enable joint selection. To link a strip to a radar contact, select one and middle-click on the other. Conflicts between strip details and the values squawked by the linked transponder will mark the strip with a "!!XPDR" warning.


A strip can also be linked to a filed flight plan (FPL) to merge the information. The strip dialog also shows the mismatching information between the two, though this is rather common because the strip typically gets updated as the flight progresses.
A strip can also be linked to a filed flight plan (FPL). This will make radar and strip display fall back on filed information for missing details. The strip does not warn of mismatching information between the two because it is normal for the strip information to be updated as the flight progresses.


All together, a selection can involve up to three linked elements: strip, radar contact, flight plan. You can pull details from linked elements to strips (strip panel bottom menu), and push strip details to their linked flight plan if necessary (strip dialog bottom tick box). Unlinking is possible with SHIFT+middle-click. If you use linking carefully, auto-fill options are available from the general settings, to fill blank strip details with newly-linked information.
All together, a selection can therefore involve up to three linked elements: strip, radar contact, flight plan. From the strip menu at the bottom of any strip panel, you can pull details from linked elements (copy them to the selected strip), or push strip details to their linked flight plan if necessary. If you use linking carefully, auto-fill options are available from the general settings, to fill blank strip details with newly-linked information. Unlinking is possible with {{key press|Shift}}+middle-click.


For fast and efficient service, every initial contact by a pilot should basically make you hit F2 and type the callsign announced. You should then soon figure out if:
For fast and efficient service, every initial contact by a pilot should basically make you hit {{key press|F2}} and type the spoken callsign. You should then soon figure out if:
* a flight plan is already filed (the matching FPL count displays a non-zero value near the callsign field as you type): click on the button to select one to link to the strip on save;
* you already have a strip for that contact: a "!!dup" warning appears next to the input field;
* a flight plan must be filed (e.g. IFR departure not filed by lazy pilot): select "new FPL" from the bottom line to open a fresh FPL detail sheet to link to the strip;
* a flight plan is filed whose details can be linked immediately: a list of candidate FPL matches is displayed in the bottom row, which you can select from to link on dialog save;
* he was asked to contact you by a previous ATC, in which case you may have a strip handed over to you already;
* a flight plan must be filed, e.g. IFR departure not filed by lazy pilot: save the dialog and use the {{key press|Shift+F3}} shortcut to create a new FPL linked to the selected strip.
* etc.


=== Strip placeholders ===
=== Strip placeholders ===
ATC-pie provides with various placeholders for flight strips, namely ''racks'', ''loose strip bays'' and ''runway boxes''. According to your ATC position and local facilities, you should choose and arrange your placeholders for optimal control. Strips can then be moved between them using mouse drag and drop.
ATC-pie provides with three types of placeholders for flight strips: ''racks'', ''loose strip bays'' and ''runway boxes''. According to your ATC position and local facilities, you should choose and arrange your placeholders for optimal control. Strips can then be moved between them using mouse drag and drop.


[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-stripRacks.png|thumbnail|Strip rack panel]]
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-stripRacks.png|thumbnail|Strip rack panel]]
A '''strip rack''' is the preferred way of keeping track of a sequence, e.g. a departure queue at a runway threshold. Rack panels can be created from the main window workspace, popped out as separate windows, and a persistent one can be found among the available docks. You can create as many racks as you wish and name them appropriately. Double click on the rack name to edit its properties. Use mouse drag to move strips up and down a rack sequence.
A '''strip rack''' is the preferred way of keeping track of a sequence, e.g. a departure queue at a runway threshold. Rack panels can be created from the main window workspace, popped out as separate windows, and a persistent one can be found among the available docks. You can create as many racks as you wish in every panel. Double click on a rack's name to rename it or edit its properties. Use mouse drag to move strips up and down a rack sequence.


A '''loose strip bay''' allows free-hand positioning of strips in its reserved space. Such bays are useful for any kind of unsequenced traffic or to map out relative positions when controlling without a radar. You may also import background images, e.g. a ground chart to keep visual track of taxiing aircraft and vehicles. See <code>resources/bg-img/Notice</code> to learn how.
A '''loose strip bay''' allows free-hand positioning of strips in its reserved space. Such bays are useful for unsequenced traffic, or to map out relative positions when controlling without a radar. You may also import background images, e.g. a ground chart to keep visual track of taxiing aircraft and vehicles. See <code>CONFIG/bg/Notice</code> to learn how.


[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-runwayReserved.png|thumbnail|Reserved runway marked in yellow]]
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-runwayReserved.png|thumbnail|Reserved runway marked in yellow]]
A '''runway box''' is a placeholder for a single strip, named after a runway and denoting a clearence to use it (enter, cross, land...). Runway boxes are contained in their own dock, and made visible if a corresponding runway is marked in use. Thorough use of runway boxes will help you avoid bad mistakes like clear an aircraft to land over lined up traffic. When freed, runway boxes start and display a timer together with the wake turbulance category of the last contained strip to help with TKOF/LDG separation. What is more, if you use radar, a filled runway box marks the runway as ''reserved'' on the scope.
A '''runway box''' is a placeholder for a single strip, named after a physical runway and denoting a clearence to use it (enter, cross, land...). Runway boxes are contained in their own dock, with one made visible for each runway marked as in use in either direction. Thorough use of runway boxes will help you avoid bad mistakes like clear an aircraft to land over lined up traffic. When freed, runway boxes start and display a timer together with the wake turbulance category of the last contained strip to help with TKOF/LDG separation. What is more, if you use radar, a filled runway box marks the runway as ''reserved'' on the scope.


Besides, there are two other places a strip can be dropped on, usually when releasing a contact:
Besides, there are two other places a strip can be dropped on, usually when releasing a contact:
* a connected ATC to initiate a handover;
* an ATC callsign in the ATC panel to initiate a handover (or CPDLC transfer/instruction if {{key press|Alt}} is pressed);
* a '''strip shelf''' (flat button at the bottom of loose and racked strip panels), which clears the strip from your work bench and stores it as shelved.
* a '''strip shelf''' (flat button at the bottom of strip panels), which clears the strip from your workbench and stores it as shelved.
 
== Airport scene rendering ==
 
=== Tower view window ===
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-towerViewing.png|thumbnail|Tower viewing, following a departing aircraft]]
This feature allows you to overlook your airport and the connected or simulated traffic, like a controller from a tower viewpoint. It allows to choose from the tower positions specified in the source data if any, otherwise defaults to somewhere over the airport to allow towering of all available airports. It is disabled in CTR mode. Additionally, more views can be hooked up to your scene.
There are two ways of activating a tower view. You may let ATC-pie start its own suitably configured FlightGear process, or have it connect to an external viewer, manually set up and accepting connections.
 
'''Running internally''' only requires FlightGear installed on your computer. A basic installation is enough, but you will need the [[scenery]] for your airport if you want anything exciting to see (and not sea!). Also, aircraft will only be drawn properly if the appropriate [[Aircraft|models]] are available. In multi-player, the models required are those flown by the players. For solo-simulated (AI) traffic and teacher-controlled aircraft, read about <code>icao2fgfs</code> in <code>resources/acft/Notice</code> to understand how ATC-pie chooses models and liveries for its viewers. Aircraft and scenery locations can be filled in the ''System'' settings dialog if they are not in your [[$FG_ROOT|FlightGear root directory]].
 
Connecting to an '''external viewer''' allows to run FlightGear on a different machine and thereby relieve your session from the CPU load a local instance induces. If you want to do so, get a hint of the required positioning options you should start your viewer with, from the tower view tab in the system settings dialog. Of course, scenery, models and liveries must also be available to the running process.


In either case, once activated from the ''View'' menu, the tower view '''control pane''' is enabled, from which you can turn to runway points, follow selected aircraft... Direct FlightGear input in the view window is also possible: right click and drag allows to look around, <code>x</code>/<code>X</code> keys change the zoom level, etc.
== Vectors, routes and separation ==
 
=== Additional scene views ===
You can connect '''additional viewers''' to your session, for example placed around your airport for exciting camera footage of challenging landings. You will not be able to control those viewers from ATC-pie like the tower viewer, but you will be able to activate/stop the connection from the ''View'' menu. Additional viewers are registered by their host+port address, from the ''View'' menu at run-time or from a custom settings file (see <code>settings/Notice</code>), read at start-up and on explicit reload (''System'' menu).
 
Every such viewer registered on host ''XXX'' and port ''YYY'' should be running on ''XXX'' and started with options <code>--multiplay=out,TTT,HHH,PPP</code> and <code>--multiplay=in,TTT,,YYY</code>, where:
* ''HHH'' is the host on which ATC-pie is running;
* ''PPP'' is the default 5009, or the chosen port number if ATC-pie was started with <code>--views-send-from</code>;
* ''TTT'' is the network polling frequency (100 is common practice; change as desired if you know what you are doing).
 
== Vectors, routes and separation warnings ==


ATC-pie can register and analyse issued vectors and routes to:
ATC-pie can register and analyse issued vectors and routes to:
* inform strip and radar display;
* inform strip and radar display;
* help monitor traffic, checking against vectors;
* help monitor traffic, checking tracked positions against route/vector assignments;
* anticipate route and FL conflicts between controlled aircraft.
* help manage traffic, anticipating route and FL conflicts between controlled aircraft.


=== Vectors ===
=== Vectors ===
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Registering vectors on strips enhances the drawing of linked radar contacts, enables easy monitoring of tracks and detection of aircraft flying off course. To register vectors automatically when a radar contact is linked to a strip, use the following mouse gestures:
Registering vectors on strips enhances the drawing of linked radar contacts, enables easy monitoring of tracks and detection of aircraft flying off course. To register vectors automatically when a radar contact is linked to a strip, use the following mouse gestures:
* click and drag out of a radar contact to issue a heading vector;
* click and drag out of a radar contact to issue a heading vector;
* hold SHIFT, click and drag vertically for altitude/FL vectors;
* holding {{key press|Shift}}, click and drag vertically for altitude/FL vectors;
* hold SHIFT, click and drag horizontally for speed instructions;
* holding {{key press|Shift}}, click and drag horizontally for speed instructions;
* hold SHIFT and double-click to clear registered vecors from the linked strip.
* holding {{key press|Shift}}, double-click on the radar target to clear registered vecors from the linked strip.


See [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvA3MRlGJjU video 5] of the tutorial for more on vectoring, and check the quick reference ''display conventions'' to interpret the lines and colours of the course and vector graphics around radar contacts.
See [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvA3MRlGJjU video 5] of the tutorial for more on vectoring, and check the quick reference ''display conventions'' to interpret the lines and colours of the course and vector graphics around radar contacts.


NB: In multi-player sessions, an appropriate text chat instruction is suggested for every registered vector. This allows you to send it easily, for example to pilots whose communications are limited to text chat.
NB: In network sessions, an appropriate text chat instruction is suggested for every mouse vectoring action. This allows you to send it easily, for example to pilots whose communications are limited to text chat.


=== Routes ===
=== Routes ===
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-routeDetailsView.png|thumbnail|Route details dialog with world path drawn, available when both end airfields are recognised]]
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-routeDetailsView.png|thumbnail|Route details dialog with world path drawn, available when both end airfields are recognised]]
A '''route''' is analysed for every strip with recognised departure and destination airports (entry fields both turned green), as follows:
A route is analysed for every strip with recognised departure and destination airports (entry fields both turned green), as follows:
* route tokens are whitespace-separated;
* route tokens are whitespace-separated;
* each recognised navpoint token (world navigation aid, airfield, fix, RNAV point) creates a ''waypoint'' on the path to destination, and a route ''leg'' from the previous point (a final leg connects the last point to the destination airport);
* each recognised navpoint token (radio navigation beacon, airfield, fix, RNAV point) creates a ''waypoint'' on the path to destination, and a route ''leg'' from the previous point (a final leg connects the last point to the destination airport);
* if ambiguous (navpoint names are not all unique around the world), a waypoint is always the nearest homonym to the point beginning the leg;
* if ambiguous (navpoint names are not all unique around the world), a waypoint is the nearest homonym to the point beginning the leg;
* other tokens are kept as route leg specifications to the following waypoint (e.g. airways between fixes).
* other tokens are kept as route leg specifications to the following waypoint, e.g. airways between fixes.


[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-routeDrawing.png|thumbnail|Assigned routes are drawn as dashed lines on the radar scope when linked to contacts]]
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-routeDrawing.png|thumbnail|Assigned routes are drawn as dashed lines on the radar scope when linked to contacts]]
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** the current route leg is the last, and the keyword "STAR" appears in its specification: "STAR ''wp''" is displayed, where ''wp'' is the last en-route waypoint.
** the current route leg is the last, and the keyword "STAR" appears in its specification: "STAR ''wp''" is displayed, where ''wp'' is the last en-route waypoint.


NB: If both DEP and ARR airports are not identified, radar tags show the strip destination detail if it is filled, possibly with a heading if it is recognised.
NB: If DEP and ARR airports are not both recognised, radar tags show the strip destination detail if it is filled, possibly with a heading if it is recognised.


See tutorial [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfdukpBc90w video 7] for a demonstration of routes.
See tutorial [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfdukpBc90w video 7] for a demonstration of routes.
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=== Conflicts and anticipation ===
=== Conflicts and anticipation ===
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-routeConflictDetection.png|thumbnail|Route conflict depiction]]
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-routeConflictDetection.png|thumbnail|Route conflict depiction]]
ATC-pie features a '''conflict prediction system''', which can be activated or turned off from the ''Options'' menu. It uses route and vector assignments to anticipate and alert you of path conflicts so you can take action and prevent separation losses.
ATC-pie features a conflict prediction system, which can be activated or turned off from the ''Options'' menu. It uses route and vector assignments to anticipate and alert you of path conflicts so you can take action and prevent separation losses.


When looking for conflicts, a horizontal (ground projection) path is considered for aircraft with a linked strip and an assigned route or heading. An aircraft is assumed to follow its route, unless a heading vector is given in which case it is assumed to be flying the assigned straight course. When the projections of two aircraft intersect, a conflict is anticipated if the respective intervals between the current and assigned altitudes overlap. When an aircraft's altitude is unknown, the assigned altitude will be assumed. If an altitude assignment is missing, a ''possible'' conflict is reported.
When looking for conflicts, a horizontal (ground projection) path is considered for aircraft with a linked strip and an assigned route or heading. An aircraft is assumed to follow its route, unless a heading vector is given in which case it is assumed to be flying the assigned straight course. When the projections of two aircraft intersect, a conflict is anticipated if the respective intervals between the current and assigned altitudes overlap. When an aircraft's altitude is unknown, the assigned altitude will be assumed. If an altitude assignment is missing, a ''possible'' conflict is reported.
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== Playing solo ==
== Communications with aircraft ==
 
=== Voice radio ===
In solo sessions, voice radio interaction is simulated through speech recognition of instructions and read-back synthesis. Use the {{key press|Ctrl}} key to PTT.
 
In FlightGear and FSD network sessions, multiple radios can be opened and tuned in simultaneously. You can transmit on either one by holding down the PTT button of the chosen radio, or on a selected set (''Kbd PTT'' boxes ticked) using the {{key press|Ctrl}} key. This lets you PTT on multiple frequencies at once (merged frequencies), for example to service GND+TWR frequencies in view of splitting them seemlessly again later. To monitor frequencies without attending them, a trick is to set their volume to "soft" to tell them apart.
 
Note: Except for solo sessions, you may always use a separate voice communication program for radio. In this case, try making the same {{key press|Ctrl}} key the PTT to preserve other features such as RDF for receiving stations in FG sessions, or the ''PTT turns off notification sounds'' option recommended if not wearing a headset.
 
=== CPDLC ===
When [[CPDLC]] is serviced (location setting), aircraft can establish a data link from their cockpit for a direct text communication channel supplementing the radio frequency. You can monitor connections from the CPDLC dock and open a window for each active or terminated connection in the CPDLC history. Combining the {{key press|Alt}} key with a double-click on a strip or radar contact opens the current or latest dialogue for the selected callsign.
 
Each active CPDLC dialogue window allows to manually compose preformatted or free text message elements. But the most frequent and convenient way of creating message elements is to combine the {{key press|Alt}} key with a mouse gesture (also see ''Mouse gestures'' in the quick reference):
* click-and-drag vectoring gesture to send a heading, altitude/FL or speed instruction (see [[#Vectors|section on vectors]]);
* strip drop on an ATC to initiate a CPDLC authority transfer or to send the aircraft a "contact" instruction;
* "OK" button click in the instruction panel to send the corresponding formatted instruction.
 
Created message elements are appended to the message buffer in the connection dialogue window until you send the message manually. The other party must then acknowledge it before it times out.
 
=== Radio text chat ===
Although voice communications should be encouraged for realism whenever possible, ATC-pie has a powerful text chat system for keyboard interaction with pilots in network sessions. In FlightGear sessions, all messages from within at least 100 NM and up to the radar range are visible in the chat. In FSD sessions, whose protocol simulates text frequencies, ATC-pie tunes the chat to the "publicised frequency" in the radio panel.
 
'''Text aliases''' are dollar-prefixed words that ATC-pie tries to replace with context-dependant values when sent. For example, <code>$metar</code> expands to the current primary station weather. This allows to send/save formatted messages like "Current weather is $metar" instead of copy-pasting a weather look-up for every such message.
 
Predefined aliases such as <code>$metar</code> take values that are specified by the program and may depend on the local environment (weather, declination, airport elevation...), on your configuration (transition altitude, runways in use...) or on the current selection (QDM to airport, assigned route...). They are all listed with their meaning in the "quick reference", ''Text aliases'' section.
 
All other aliases will be considered custom, in other words expected to take a value specified by you, on either of the following levels:
* world (value saved for replacement anywhere that the program will be opened), in the general notes (notepad dock);
* location (saved for this airport or centre), in the local notes;
* single aircraft contact (by selected strip), in the strip comments.
 
Here is how ATC-pie decides what to do with a text alias of the form <code>$foo</code> in a sent message:
# If it is one of the predefined list, the specified substitution is performed. If not, it is a custom alias and we carry on to the next step.
# Look for a line beginning with <code>foo=</code> in the general notes. If one is found, the alias is replaced with what follows the '<code>=</code>' character.
# Look for a line beginning with <code>foo=</code> in the local notes. If one is found, the alias is replaced with what follows the '<code>=</code>' character.
# If a strip is part of the current selection, search likewise in its comment field and substitute if the search succeeds.
# Substitution is unsuccessful. ATC-pie will open an edit box so that you can review your message before sending it.
 
Moreover, ATC-pie strips everything up to the first '''pipe character''' (<code>|</code>) in the message if any, before it is processed and sent. You may test this by sending "stripped part|sent part" and observe that only the "sent part" makes it to the message contents. You can therefore make your life easier with piped shortcuts in your preset message list. They will pop up like any other message in the filtered menu as you type. For example, the following preset message enables something like a dot-command for sending a bearing to your base airport in a few key strokes:
: <code>.qdm|Heading to airport $qdm</code>
 
Lastly, if a troll or angry user is polluting your session with undesired messages, add their callsign to the '''senders blacklist'''. All messages from the user will then be filtered out from the message pane. You can view and clear this list at any time.
 
== ATC coordination ==
 
"ATC coordination" refers to the following:
* strip exchange, i.e. sending and receiving strips (handovers);
* ATC phone lines, for private voice calls (except in solo sessions);
* CPDLC authority transfers;
* ''who-has'' requests, to query ATCs about who is claiming control of callsigns;
* ATC text chat, to exchange text messages with other ATCs (except in solo sessions).
 
=== Strip exchange ===
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-receivedStrip.png|thumbnail|Example of a strip received from "GND"]]
To hand a strip over, drag it and drop it on the recipient in the list of controllers in the ''ATC coordination'' dock. A received strip appears with an identification of the sender which disappears as soon as the strip is clicked on.
 
A received strip lands on the collecting rack set for the sender if any (double-click on a rack name to add an ATC callsign from which to collect strips), or on the "Default" rack otherwise. It may link automatically to an identified radar contact according to the selected auto-link options (general settings).
 
See [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQIud-cAlT4 tutorial video 6] for a presentation of the feature.
 
=== ATC phone lines ===
Phone lines allow to call and talk to other ATCs directly from the ''ATC coordination'' dock. Each line has an outgoing state that you control, toggling between open and closed with a double-click on its phone icon. Opening a line places a call to the connected ATC, showing as "incoming" on their side. When two parties have their line open to one another, they are in direct communication (no push-to-talk). In other words, opening an incoming call puts you on the phone with the caller. Closing a call hangs up the active line, but you can pick it back up as long as the other party holds it open ("still incoming" for you).
 
You can only talk to one ATC at a time but may place multiple outgoing calls. If a call you placed is answered while you are in another call, the answered call switches to show as incoming without interrupting the one in progress. Conversely, opening (answering) an incoming call while already in another call drops the current line. An incoming call you answer which turns to "placed" (outgoing only) instead of "in progress" means that the other party is already on the phone and is now seeing an incoming call from you.
 
=== ATC text chat ===
The ATC text messaging system allows to chat with other ATCs in channels that are separate from the "radio text chat" read by pilots. It offers private channels for one-to-one conversations, and a general ATC chat room in network sessions, readable by all connected ATCs.
 
'''Note on interoperability in FG sessions''': While only ATC-pie integrates ATC text chat in its interface, other users can interact with a regular IRC client connected to <code>mpirc.flightgear.org</code>, with their FlightGear network callsign as IRC nickname, and joining the set IRC channel. They will be able to send and receive public and private messages and chat with everybody, at the only cost of ignoring the system messages that will sometimes appear on their side.
 
== Solo sessions ==


In solo sessions, you control virtual IFR planes, receiving and handing over strips to virtual ATCs depending on your position and the aircraft's intentions. You can train as an en-route controller in CTR mode, or as an airport controller in AD mode, where four combinable positions are available:
In solo sessions, you control virtual IFR planes, receiving and handing over strips to virtual ATCs depending on your position and the aircraft's intentions. You can train as an en-route controller in CTR mode, or as an airport controller in AD mode, where four combinable positions are available:
** ground (GND), to taxi aircraft between parking positions and runways;
* ground (GND), to taxi aircraft between parking positions and runways;
** tower (TWR), to control runways and immediate surroundings;
* tower (TWR), to control runways and immediate surroundings;
** departure (DEP), to bring departing traffic to their exit point;
* departure (DEP), to bring departing traffic to their exit point;
** approach (APP), to vector arrivals onto final.
* approach (APP), to vector arrivals onto final.


=== Objectives ===
=== Objectives ===
When '''playing CTR''', your task is to transit the aircraft across your airspace, always ensuring separation, and to hand each of them over to the most appropriate neighbouring centre North, South, East or West of your sector. You can specify local navpoints in the location settings so that the system includes them as turning points in the randomised aircraft's routes.
In '''CTR mode''', your task is to transit the aircraft across your airspace, always ensuring separation, and to hand each of them over to the most appropriate neighbouring centre North, South, East or West of your sector. You can specify local navpoints in the location settings so that the system includes them as turning points in the randomised aircraft routes.


In '''airport mode''', traffic is either inbound or outbound. Assuming APP, inbound aircraft must be sequenced and vectored into tower range for handover, unless you are in the TWR position as well. Each inbound aircraft either requests ILS or visual. Playing TWR, you must clear them to land when appropriate, i.e. cleared for ILS approach or expected runway reported in sight. If landing cannot take place (too high, not cleared...), aircraft will go around. Controlling GND, you must move inbound traffic near their parking position once they have vacated the runway, and hand them over to the ramp. Outbound traffic must be brought to hold short of a runway threshold and report ready for departure with TWR. If you play DEP, you must hand outbound aircraft over to the en-route centre (CTR) once they are high enough and close to their exit point if specified in its route. Entry and exit points are configurable in the location settings.
In '''airport mode''', traffic is either inbound or outbound. Assuming APP, inbound aircraft must be sequenced and vectored into tower range for handover, unless you are in the TWR position as well. Each inbound aircraft either requests ILS or visual. Assuming TWR, you must clear them to land when appropriate, i.e. cleared for ILS approach or expected runway reported in sight. If landing cannot take place (too high, not cleared...), aircraft will go around. Controlling GND, you must move inbound traffic near their parking position once they have vacated the runway, and hand them over to the ramp. Outbound traffic must be brought to hold short of a runway threshold and report ready for departure with TWR. If you assume DEP, you must hand outbound aircraft over to the en-route centre (CTR) once they are high enough and close to their exit point if specified in their route. Entry and exit points are configurable in <code>CONFIG/nav/AD-entry-exit</code> (see <code>Notice</code> in the directory).


[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-handoverPane-solo.png|thumbnail|Handover pane when playing solo in airport mode, assuming all three available positions]]
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-handoverPane-solo.png|thumbnail|Handover pane in an AD solo session, assuming all three available positions]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Handovers with virtual ATCs in airport mode
|+ Handovers with virtual ATCs in airport mode
Line 187: Line 234:
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-taxiInstructionTool.png|thumbnail|Click&drag taxi instruction tool at OMDB ground]]
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-taxiInstructionTool.png|thumbnail|Click&drag taxi instruction tool at OMDB ground]]
Instructions are given through different means:
Instructions are given through different means:
* provided the speech recognition modules are installed, you can turn on voice instructions from the solo simulation settings dialog and instruct aircraft through your microphone, using the <code>Ctrl</code> key as push-to-talk and standard phraseology (see the quick reference tab about it);
* provided the speech recognition modules are installed, you can turn on voice instructions from the solo simulation settings dialog and instruct aircraft through your microphone, using the {{key press|Ctrl}} key as push-to-talk and standard phraseology (see the quick reference tab about it);
* if voice instructions are turned off:
* if voice instructions are turned off:
** mouse vector assignments issue the corresponding instructions (see section on vectors above);
** mouse vector assignments issue the corresponding instructions (see section on vectors above);
Line 193: Line 240:
* instruct taxi routes by dragging out of radar contacts when they are considered on the ground (low enough or squawking GND);
* instruct taxi routes by dragging out of radar contacts when they are considered on the ground (low enough or squawking GND);
* the dockable instruction panel works regardless of voice vs. mouse selection;
* the dockable instruction panel works regardless of voice vs. mouse selection;
* if the aircraft is connected to CPDLC, you can be prompted to send the instruction through the data link.
* alternatively, if the aircraft is connected to CPDLC, you can send instructions through the [[#CPDLC|data link]].


Instructions from the panel are always issued to the callsign entered in the top field, which should fill automatically on aircraft or strip selection when a callsign is known. Therefore, make sure you do not mess up your strip links or your instructions will realistically be acknowledged and followed by the wrong aircraft.
Instructions from the panel are always issued to the callsign entered in the top field, which should fill automatically on aircraft or strip selection when a callsign is known. Therefore, make sure you do not mess up your strip links or your instructions will realistically be acknowledged and followed by the wrong aircraft.
Line 201: Line 248:
* towering a single runway with mixed traffic: select TWR position and an equal balance of departures and arrivals;
* towering a single runway with mixed traffic: select TWR position and an equal balance of departures and arrivals;
* optimising approach spacing in dense traffic: select APP position only, increase traffic density, turn on spacing hints and try to stabilise them all at "3:00" for example;
* optimising approach spacing in dense traffic: select APP position only, increase traffic density, turn on spacing hints and try to stabilise them all at "3:00" for example;
* change of runways (e.g. irl after wind direction change): start with APP+TWR and select a runway for arrivals at least, play for a while and change for opposite runway use;
* change of runways (e.g. irl after wind direction change): start with APP+TWR and select a runway for arrivals at least, run the simulation for a while and change for opposite runway use;
* CTR mode with a low ceiling to increase the number of conflicts to resolve;
* CTR mode with a low ceiling to increase the number of conflicts to resolve;
* etc.
* etc.
== ATC coordination ==
"ATC coordination" refers to the following:
* strip exchange, i.e. sending and receiving strips (handovers);
* ATC text chat, to exchange messages between connected ATCs (see ''Communications'' section);
* ''who-has'' requests, to query the system and know who is claiming contact/control of callsigns.
=== Strip exchange ===
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-receivedStrip.png|thumbnail|Example of a strip received from "DEL"]]
To hand a strip over, drag it and drop it on the recipient in the list of connected controllers. Received strips appear on their collecting rack (if defined), with an identification of the sender which disappears as soon as the strip is clicked on. They may link automatically to identified radar contacts, according to the auto-link configuration (general settings). Double-click on the rack name to add an ATC callsign from which to collect strips.
See [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQIud-cAlT4 tutorial video 6] for a presentation of the feature.
=== Coexisting sub-systems in multi-player ===
On multi-player session start, there are two "sub-systems" that can be activated. They differ in terms of provided features and interoperability with other clients:
* the '''IRC sub-system''' allows full flexibility with other ATC-pie clients, but does not currently operate with other software;
* the '''OpenRadar handover service''' is [[OpenRadar]]'s native system, which ATC-pie implements to enable coordination with its users, but some limitations apply (see below).
Both systems can be enabled together. If so, ATC-pie will try to choose the most appropriate system through which to send the strips on handovers.
=== OpenRadar interoperability ===
ATC-pie and OpenRadar's philosophies differ in several ways:
* OpenRadar's basic processing unit is the FGMS callsign, whereas ATC-pie's is the strip;
* OpenRadar's concept of handover is based on a shared notion of aircraft ownership, whereas ATC-pie allows any controller to pull out a strip and write a callsign on it;
* in OpenRadar, a handover must be acknowledged by the receiver for the sender to lose ownership and for all neighbouring users to see it complete, whereas ATC-pie considers that a strip sent is gone and assumed to land on the receiver's rack, without anybody else necessarily to know.
For most interactions to work while respecting both approaches as much as possible, the following principles and restrictions apply to strip exchange:
* ATC-pie users can only hand over strips that are linked to a radar contact;
* aircraft under ATC-pie control are not shown as "owned" to OpenRadar users;
* handovers from ATC-pie will fail if an OpenRadar user is claiming ownership on the linked radar contact;
* when sending to ATC-pie controllers, OpenRadar users will see their transfers acknowledged straight away, unconditionally.
Callsign handover policy:
* O-R to ATC-pie: FGMS callsign will appear on the strip, as if the sender had filled the detail properly;
* ATC-pie to O-R: callsign resolved for the receiver, sender's entry will reappear next time ATC-pie handles the strip;
* pie-to-pie handovers: strip detail preserved, whether present or absent.
Detail note: wake turbulance category does not show in OpenRadar, but is preserved and visible to ATC-pie instances later receiving the strip.
== Background images ==
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-backgroundPixmapDrawing.png|thumbnail|Pixmap image example with a topographic map shot around LIMW (Aosta, Italy)]]
[[File:ATC-pie-screenshot-backgroundHandDrawing.png|thumbnail|Hand drawing example with procedures for LSGG (Geneva, Switzerland)]]
Background images allow to decorate:
* radar scopes, with all sorts of maps and useful information about the airspace, terrain or procedures;
* loose strip bays, to move unracked strips over custom backgrounds, e.g. ground charts of the airport.
There are two ways to create backgrounds in the program. One working for all purposes is to '''import pictures''' (pixmap files like JPEG or PNG, including transparency); the other works only for radar backgrounds and consists in writing '''drawing specification''' files to paint coloured lines and labelled points. This allows to import anything from the most complex coloured height map to the the most schematic airspace outline. The <code>resources/bg-img/Notice</code> file explains how to import and draw background images.
For example, you can map out procedures (SID, STAR, IAD...), grouping them by associated runways. Drawings are generally appropriate for that because they allow referring to named points as per the published procedures and avoid manual positioning. But if you want more than schematic line plots, you should create the picture yourself. Using an image processing tool like ''GIMP'', superimpose a transparent layer on top of a real map canvas, or over a screenshot of your ATC-pie radar with pinned navaids as landmarks, and freely decorate your picture.
ATC-pie comes with a couple of '''helper tools''' to create or import background images:
# If you have a VATSIM/IVAO sector file for your area (.sct), the "extract drawings from sector file" option will translate the contained diagrams into ATC-pie drawings. While the generated files always require some filtering and post-editing, it is generally the best option for things like SID/STAR diagrams.
# Located in the ''System'' menu, the "image positioning helper" allows to move and resize imported pictures, adjusting the corners visually rather than programmatically if you have no specification for them. All visible pixmap images will be moved simultaneously, so you can work with several at a time if you want to. On dialog box close, a file is generated in the <code>output</code> directory for you to copy from.
# An [[OpenStreetMap]] option will take you to the free online map server, centred on your radar centre position. For a quick and dirty start (e.g. for access to coastlines, borders and rivers) you can screenshot the map and use it as a background.
== Communications ==
The features described in this section do not apply to solo sessions, where text sending is disabled and voice radio interaction is dealt with through speech recognition and synthesis (see the appropriate section above).
=== FGCom radio ===
'''Multiple radios''' can be opened and tuned in at once, and you can talk on either one by holding the PTT mouse button down for the chosen radio box. The <code>left-Ctrl</code> keyboard key will also let you PTT on selected frequencies. You can transmit on several at once, for example to service GND+TWR frequencies in view of splitting them seemlessly again if a controller is expected soon to fill one of the two positions. Tick the ''Kbd PTT'' option in the radio boxes of the frequencies to merge. Your keyboard PTT key will then transmit on them all simultaneously. Note that while you will be broadcasting on, and hearing incoming transmissions from, all frequencies, pilots will not be hearing each other across frequencies.
Say you are TWR coordinating with GND at your airport, and you want to '''monitor both radio frequencies''' while you are only in charge of TWR. To set this up, start your radio box on TWR frequency and turn on a second one to monitor GND. Tick "Kbd PTT" only for TWR so that you only transmit to your frequency and don't interfere with the other, and set the volume to "soft" on the latter so that you can tell the radio you are hearing the messages from, and know if it is for you to answer.
The '''''PTT turns off sounds''''' option is recommended for those of you who do not wear headsets, as it will avoid GUI sound notifications being picked up by your microphone while transmitting on frequencies.
=== Public text chat ===
ATC-pie has a powerful text chat system for those who use the keyboard extensively to interact with pilots in multi-player sessions, though of course voice radio communications should be encouraged for realism, whenever possible.
First, '''text aliases''' are dollar-prefixed words (like <code>$foo</code>) that ATC-pie will try to replace with context-dependant values on message send. This allows to write and save formatted messages and avoid typing verbatim for every message of a recurrent format. For instance, anybody will enjoy the comfort of sending <code>Current weather is $metar</code>, whose alias will expand to the current primary station weather, instead of typing or copy-pasting a weather look-up for every such message.
Aliases can be predefined or custom. Predefined aliases take values that are specified by the program, e.g. <code>$metar</code> standing for the current weather, and may depend on the local environment (declination, airport elevation...), on your configuration (transition altitude, runways in use...) or on the current selection (QDM to airport, assigned route...). They are all listed with their meaning in the "quick reference", ''Text aliases'' section. Make sure to take a look.
All other aliases will be considered custom, in other words to take values specified by you. You can define text aliases and replacements on three different levels:
* world (program user), in the general notes;
* location (airport/centre), in the local notes;
* individual (selected strip), in your strip comments.
Here is how ATC-pie decides what to do with a text alias of the form <code>$foo</code> on chat message send:
# If it is one of the predefined list, the substitution is the one described. If not, it is a custom alias and we carry on to the next step.
# Look for a line beginning with "foo=" in the general notes (notepad dock). If one is found, the alias is substituted with what follows the '<code>=</code>' character.
# Perform the same search through the local notes. If nothing is found, consider the current selection.
# If a strip is part of the current selection, look inside the comment field and search likewise.
# Substitution is unsuccessful. ATC-pie will open an edit box so that you can review your message before sending it.
Moreover, ATC-pie strips everything up to the first '''pipe character''' (<code>|</code>), if any, before a message is processed and sent. You may check this with test line "stripped part|sent part" and observe that only the "sent part" makes it to the message contents. You can therefore make your life easier with piped shortcuts in your preset message list. They will pop up like any other message in the filtered menu as you type. For example, the following preset message enables something like a dot-command for sending a bearing to your base airport in a few key strokes:
: <code>.qdm|Heading to airport $qdm</code>
Lastly, if a troll or angry user is polluting your session with undesired messages, add their callsign to the '''senders blacklist'''. All messages from the user will then be filtered out from the message pane. You can view and clear this list at any time.
=== ATC text chat ===
The ATC text messaging system allows to talk to other ATCs in channels that are separate from the public one that pilots read. It offers '''private channels''' simulating one-to-one landline conversations, and a '''general ATC chat room''' in multi-player sessions, readable by all connected ATCs.
'''Note on interoperability''': While only ATC-pie integrates ATC-side text chat in its interface, other users can join the same channel with an IRC client. They will be able to send and receive public and private messages and chat with everybody, at the only cost of ignoring the system messages that will sometimes appear on their side. For best results, they should use their FlightGear network callsign as their IRC nickname.


== Teacher & student connections (ATC tutoring) ==
== Teacher & student connections (ATC tutoring) ==


This connection type is made to bring an ATC student and a teacher together for tutorial sessions. The teacher creates and manipulates traffic for the student to work with, controls the weather and decides on the ATC neighbours. Strip exchange and ATC text chat is possible, either between both parties ("offline" exchanges) or between the student and the virtual ATCs (in-sim coordination). All exchanges are monitored by the teacher, and transparent to the student. The teacher can also snapshot traffic position situations to recall them later.
This session type is made to bring an ATC student and a teacher together for tutorial sessions. To '''set up a session''', the student must connect to the teacher, so make sure the teacher's session is running first. Only one student can connect to a teacher at a time. The teacher creates and manipulates traffic for the student to work with, controls the weather and decides on the ATC neighbours. Strip exchange and ATC text chat is possible, either between both parties ("offline" exchanges) or between the student and the virtual ATCs (in-sim coordination). All exchanges are monitored by the teacher, and transparent to the student. The teacher can also snapshot traffic position situations to recall them later.
 
To '''set up a session''', the student must connect to the teacher, so make sure the teacher's session is running first. Only one student can connect to a teacher at a time. To communicate via voice during the session, the two parties may use nearby FGCom frequencies, but a private channel on [[Mumble]] is also an option to avoid interfering with multi-player users sharing the same server. The best choice is probably to tune into unused (guard or secondary) FGCom frequencies for in-simulation transmissions, and to open a separate channel for teacher–student conversations.


When '''playing teacher''':
In '''teacher sessions''':
* The teaching console is enabled, which allows you to control most aspects of the environment visible to the student.
* The teaching console is enabled, which allows you to control most aspects of the environment visible to the student.
* You create new traffic holding SHIFT down with a right click-and-drag on the radar specifying the position and face heading. A dialog pops up and allows you to choose a callsign (one is initially generated), altitude and other details. If near a ground route node, a parking position or runway, you can create it on the ground, ready to taxi or for departure (NB: parking overrides position/heading input).
* You create new traffic holding {{key press|Shift}} down with a right click-and-drag on the radar specifying the position and face heading. A dialog pops up and allows you to choose a callsign (one is initially generated), altitude and other details. If near a ground route node, a parking position or runway, you can create it on the ground, ready to taxi or for departure (NB: parking overrides position/heading input).
* Traffic is initially created in an "unspawned" state (round-shaped blip on radar), in other words visible to you but not to the student. This allows you to set its transponder or get it into a certain state before spawning it into the student's world.
* Traffic is initially created in an "unspawned" state (radar contact marked "+"), in other words visible to you but not to the student. This allows you to set its transponder or get it into a certain state before spawning it into the student's world.
* Controlling the traffic is done in the same way as in solo sessions without voice, i.e. using the click&drag vector and taxi tools and the instruction dock. The only difference is that you control the selected aircraft directly, regardless of your strip links and details. You therefore do not need a strip and a correctly filled callsign to instruct a pilot, though it is a good idea to have one if you want your vectors registered and drawn on the radar. The traffic creation dialog offers to create a linked strip with every new aircraft.
* Controlling the traffic is done in the same way as in solo sessions without voice, i.e. using the click&drag vector and taxi tools and the instruction dock. The only difference is that you control the selected aircraft directly, regardless of your strip links and details. You therefore do not need a strip and a correctly filled callsign to instruct a pilot, though it is a good idea to have one if you want your vectors registered and drawn on the radar. The traffic creation dialog offers to create a linked strip with every new aircraft.
* You may pause the whole simulation, or freeze each aircraft individually. Frozen aircraft will result in stationary flights on the student's radar.
* You may pause the whole simulation, or freeze each aircraft individually. Frozen aircraft will result in stationary flights on the student's radar.
* The ATC text chat system allows to simulate landline conversations with the student (select ATC callsign to interact as), or to speak to the student directly as the teacher.
* The ATC text chat system allows to chat to the student directly as the teacher, and to simulate private ATC conversations with the student (select callsign to interact as).
* To exchange strips, drop them on "Student" and select whom the strip should appear from on the student's side. Note that for your convenience in further control of the traffic, teacher strips do not disappear on handovers.
* To exchange strips, drop them on "Student" and select whom the strip should appear from on the student's side. Note that for your convenience in further control of the traffic, teacher strips do not disappear on handovers;
* CPDLC is supported, the dialogue windows reflecting the change of perspective (ACFT instead of ATC) and the {{key press|Alt}} key combinations generating requests rather than instructions.


[[Category:ATC-pie]]
[[Category:ATC-pie]]

Latest revision as of 15:44, 31 January 2023

This article is a guide to the air traffic control simulation program ATC-pie, describing some of its major features. A more exhaustive list can be found in the main article. For download and installation help, refer to the ATC-pie installation guide. For support and troubleshooting, the ATC-pie FAQ might get you an answer first. Otherwise kindly ask on the dedicated FlightGear sub-forum so that the discussion is public.

Other ways to learn the program are:

  • to watch the online video tutorial;
  • to read the in-app Quick reference available from the Help menu (summary of mouse/keyboard gestures, display conventions...);
  • to connect with a skilled teacher as a student (personal training);
  • to train solo!

Flight strips

Whether electronic (dematerialised) or on paper, printed automatically or filled by hand, the flight progress strip is the essential piece of air and ground traffic control. Every aircraft in contact is represented by a unique strip on the ATC workbench, and every strip represents a unique contact, present or expected. This ensures that no aircraft is ever forgotten about. Strip positioning and updating then enable to monitor the aircraft's status, sequence number, position, intentions, etc.

Strip details and linking

The ATC-pie strip detail sheet

A click on the "new strip" tool bar button (shortcut F2) or double-click on an empty strip rack or bay space will open a dialog to fill flight details on a fresh blank strip, e.g. callsign, type of aircraft, destination, etc. Double-clicking on an existing strip allows to edit the filled details.

If providing radar service, strips should be linked to identified contacts to inform the radar display with the filled details, e.g. assigned altitude, and enable joint selection. To link a strip to a radar contact, select one and middle-click on the other. Conflicts between strip details and the values squawked by the linked transponder will mark the strip with a "!!XPDR" warning.

A strip can also be linked to a filed flight plan (FPL). This will make radar and strip display fall back on filed information for missing details. The strip does not warn of mismatching information between the two because it is normal for the strip information to be updated as the flight progresses.

All together, a selection can therefore involve up to three linked elements: strip, radar contact, flight plan. From the strip menu at the bottom of any strip panel, you can pull details from linked elements (copy them to the selected strip), or push strip details to their linked flight plan if necessary. If you use linking carefully, auto-fill options are available from the general settings, to fill blank strip details with newly-linked information. Unlinking is possible with Shift+middle-click.

For fast and efficient service, every initial contact by a pilot should basically make you hit F2 and type the spoken callsign. You should then soon figure out if:

  • you already have a strip for that contact: a "!!dup" warning appears next to the input field;
  • a flight plan is filed whose details can be linked immediately: a list of candidate FPL matches is displayed in the bottom row, which you can select from to link on dialog save;
  • a flight plan must be filed, e.g. IFR departure not filed by lazy pilot: save the dialog and use the Shift+F3 shortcut to create a new FPL linked to the selected strip.

Strip placeholders

ATC-pie provides with three types of placeholders for flight strips: racks, loose strip bays and runway boxes. According to your ATC position and local facilities, you should choose and arrange your placeholders for optimal control. Strips can then be moved between them using mouse drag and drop.

Strip rack panel

A strip rack is the preferred way of keeping track of a sequence, e.g. a departure queue at a runway threshold. Rack panels can be created from the main window workspace, popped out as separate windows, and a persistent one can be found among the available docks. You can create as many racks as you wish in every panel. Double click on a rack's name to rename it or edit its properties. Use mouse drag to move strips up and down a rack sequence.

A loose strip bay allows free-hand positioning of strips in its reserved space. Such bays are useful for unsequenced traffic, or to map out relative positions when controlling without a radar. You may also import background images, e.g. a ground chart to keep visual track of taxiing aircraft and vehicles. See CONFIG/bg/Notice to learn how.

Reserved runway marked in yellow

A runway box is a placeholder for a single strip, named after a physical runway and denoting a clearence to use it (enter, cross, land...). Runway boxes are contained in their own dock, with one made visible for each runway marked as in use in either direction. Thorough use of runway boxes will help you avoid bad mistakes like clear an aircraft to land over lined up traffic. When freed, runway boxes start and display a timer together with the wake turbulance category of the last contained strip to help with TKOF/LDG separation. What is more, if you use radar, a filled runway box marks the runway as reserved on the scope.

Besides, there are two other places a strip can be dropped on, usually when releasing a contact:

  • an ATC callsign in the ATC panel to initiate a handover (or CPDLC transfer/instruction if Alt is pressed);
  • a strip shelf (flat button at the bottom of strip panels), which clears the strip from your workbench and stores it as shelved.

Vectors, routes and separation

ATC-pie can register and analyse issued vectors and routes to:

  • inform strip and radar display;
  • help monitor traffic, checking tracked positions against route/vector assignments;
  • help manage traffic, anticipating route and FL conflicts between controlled aircraft.

Vectors

Course/vector drawing for linked radar contact

Registering vectors on strips enhances the drawing of linked radar contacts, enables easy monitoring of tracks and detection of aircraft flying off course. To register vectors automatically when a radar contact is linked to a strip, use the following mouse gestures:

  • click and drag out of a radar contact to issue a heading vector;
  • holding Shift, click and drag vertically for altitude/FL vectors;
  • holding Shift, click and drag horizontally for speed instructions;
  • holding Shift, double-click on the radar target to clear registered vecors from the linked strip.

See video 5 of the tutorial for more on vectoring, and check the quick reference display conventions to interpret the lines and colours of the course and vector graphics around radar contacts.

NB: In network sessions, an appropriate text chat instruction is suggested for every mouse vectoring action. This allows you to send it easily, for example to pilots whose communications are limited to text chat.

Routes

Route details dialog with world path drawn, available when both end airfields are recognised

A route is analysed for every strip with recognised departure and destination airports (entry fields both turned green), as follows:

  • route tokens are whitespace-separated;
  • each recognised navpoint token (radio navigation beacon, airfield, fix, RNAV point) creates a waypoint on the path to destination, and a route leg from the previous point (a final leg connects the last point to the destination airport);
  • if ambiguous (navpoint names are not all unique around the world), a waypoint is the nearest homonym to the point beginning the leg;
  • other tokens are kept as route leg specifications to the following waypoint, e.g. airways between fixes.
Assigned routes are drawn as dashed lines on the radar scope when linked to contacts

Routes on flight plans and strips are viewable in a route dialog, showing geodesic paths, headings and leg distances on a world map. When a specified route is linked to a radar contact, ATC-pie works out its current leg based on distance to destination, and:

  • details of the current leg are displayed in the selection info pane, and the route viewing button enabled;
  • the strip shows only the remainder of the route for this contact;
  • the route to go is drawn as a dashed line on the radar (unless aircraft is inbound and near enough);
  • the radar tag contains the next waypoint and the heading leading the aircraft to it on a great circle, unless:
    • the current route leg is the first, and the keyword "SID" appears in its specification: "SID wp" is displayed, where wp is the first waypoint on the route;
    • the current route leg is the last, and the keyword "STAR" appears in its specification: "STAR wp" is displayed, where wp is the last en-route waypoint.

NB: If DEP and ARR airports are not both recognised, radar tags show the strip destination detail if it is filled, possibly with a heading if it is recognised.

See tutorial video 7 for a demonstration of routes.

Conflicts and anticipation

Route conflict depiction

ATC-pie features a conflict prediction system, which can be activated or turned off from the Options menu. It uses route and vector assignments to anticipate and alert you of path conflicts so you can take action and prevent separation losses.

When looking for conflicts, a horizontal (ground projection) path is considered for aircraft with a linked strip and an assigned route or heading. An aircraft is assumed to follow its route, unless a heading vector is given in which case it is assumed to be flying the assigned straight course. When the projections of two aircraft intersect, a conflict is anticipated if the respective intervals between the current and assigned altitudes overlap. When an aircraft's altitude is unknown, the assigned altitude will be assumed. If an altitude assignment is missing, a possible conflict is reported.

Another possible alarm is the separation incident, a serious ATC mistake which calls for immediate action. The table below summarises the different levels of conflicts, ranked in decreasing order of emergency.

Conflict warnings in ATC-pie
Alarm Shown on scope (default colours) Meaning
Separation incident Thick bright red intersecting circles Separation loss between aircraft
Path conflict Red circles and paths Anticipated paths and altitudes are intersecting
Possible path conflict Yellow circles and paths Paths intersecting but some altitudes unknown

Communications with aircraft

Voice radio

In solo sessions, voice radio interaction is simulated through speech recognition of instructions and read-back synthesis. Use the Ctrl key to PTT.

In FlightGear and FSD network sessions, multiple radios can be opened and tuned in simultaneously. You can transmit on either one by holding down the PTT button of the chosen radio, or on a selected set (Kbd PTT boxes ticked) using the Ctrl key. This lets you PTT on multiple frequencies at once (merged frequencies), for example to service GND+TWR frequencies in view of splitting them seemlessly again later. To monitor frequencies without attending them, a trick is to set their volume to "soft" to tell them apart.

Note: Except for solo sessions, you may always use a separate voice communication program for radio. In this case, try making the same Ctrl key the PTT to preserve other features such as RDF for receiving stations in FG sessions, or the PTT turns off notification sounds option recommended if not wearing a headset.

CPDLC

When CPDLC is serviced (location setting), aircraft can establish a data link from their cockpit for a direct text communication channel supplementing the radio frequency. You can monitor connections from the CPDLC dock and open a window for each active or terminated connection in the CPDLC history. Combining the Alt key with a double-click on a strip or radar contact opens the current or latest dialogue for the selected callsign.

Each active CPDLC dialogue window allows to manually compose preformatted or free text message elements. But the most frequent and convenient way of creating message elements is to combine the Alt key with a mouse gesture (also see Mouse gestures in the quick reference):

  • click-and-drag vectoring gesture to send a heading, altitude/FL or speed instruction (see section on vectors);
  • strip drop on an ATC to initiate a CPDLC authority transfer or to send the aircraft a "contact" instruction;
  • "OK" button click in the instruction panel to send the corresponding formatted instruction.

Created message elements are appended to the message buffer in the connection dialogue window until you send the message manually. The other party must then acknowledge it before it times out.

Radio text chat

Although voice communications should be encouraged for realism whenever possible, ATC-pie has a powerful text chat system for keyboard interaction with pilots in network sessions. In FlightGear sessions, all messages from within at least 100 NM and up to the radar range are visible in the chat. In FSD sessions, whose protocol simulates text frequencies, ATC-pie tunes the chat to the "publicised frequency" in the radio panel.

Text aliases are dollar-prefixed words that ATC-pie tries to replace with context-dependant values when sent. For example, $metar expands to the current primary station weather. This allows to send/save formatted messages like "Current weather is $metar" instead of copy-pasting a weather look-up for every such message.

Predefined aliases such as $metar take values that are specified by the program and may depend on the local environment (weather, declination, airport elevation...), on your configuration (transition altitude, runways in use...) or on the current selection (QDM to airport, assigned route...). They are all listed with their meaning in the "quick reference", Text aliases section.

All other aliases will be considered custom, in other words expected to take a value specified by you, on either of the following levels:

  • world (value saved for replacement anywhere that the program will be opened), in the general notes (notepad dock);
  • location (saved for this airport or centre), in the local notes;
  • single aircraft contact (by selected strip), in the strip comments.

Here is how ATC-pie decides what to do with a text alias of the form $foo in a sent message:

  1. If it is one of the predefined list, the specified substitution is performed. If not, it is a custom alias and we carry on to the next step.
  2. Look for a line beginning with foo= in the general notes. If one is found, the alias is replaced with what follows the '=' character.
  3. Look for a line beginning with foo= in the local notes. If one is found, the alias is replaced with what follows the '=' character.
  4. If a strip is part of the current selection, search likewise in its comment field and substitute if the search succeeds.
  5. Substitution is unsuccessful. ATC-pie will open an edit box so that you can review your message before sending it.

Moreover, ATC-pie strips everything up to the first pipe character (|) in the message if any, before it is processed and sent. You may test this by sending "stripped part|sent part" and observe that only the "sent part" makes it to the message contents. You can therefore make your life easier with piped shortcuts in your preset message list. They will pop up like any other message in the filtered menu as you type. For example, the following preset message enables something like a dot-command for sending a bearing to your base airport in a few key strokes:

.qdm|Heading to airport $qdm

Lastly, if a troll or angry user is polluting your session with undesired messages, add their callsign to the senders blacklist. All messages from the user will then be filtered out from the message pane. You can view and clear this list at any time.

ATC coordination

"ATC coordination" refers to the following:

  • strip exchange, i.e. sending and receiving strips (handovers);
  • ATC phone lines, for private voice calls (except in solo sessions);
  • CPDLC authority transfers;
  • who-has requests, to query ATCs about who is claiming control of callsigns;
  • ATC text chat, to exchange text messages with other ATCs (except in solo sessions).

Strip exchange

Example of a strip received from "GND"

To hand a strip over, drag it and drop it on the recipient in the list of controllers in the ATC coordination dock. A received strip appears with an identification of the sender which disappears as soon as the strip is clicked on.

A received strip lands on the collecting rack set for the sender if any (double-click on a rack name to add an ATC callsign from which to collect strips), or on the "Default" rack otherwise. It may link automatically to an identified radar contact according to the selected auto-link options (general settings).

See tutorial video 6 for a presentation of the feature.

ATC phone lines

Phone lines allow to call and talk to other ATCs directly from the ATC coordination dock. Each line has an outgoing state that you control, toggling between open and closed with a double-click on its phone icon. Opening a line places a call to the connected ATC, showing as "incoming" on their side. When two parties have their line open to one another, they are in direct communication (no push-to-talk). In other words, opening an incoming call puts you on the phone with the caller. Closing a call hangs up the active line, but you can pick it back up as long as the other party holds it open ("still incoming" for you).

You can only talk to one ATC at a time but may place multiple outgoing calls. If a call you placed is answered while you are in another call, the answered call switches to show as incoming without interrupting the one in progress. Conversely, opening (answering) an incoming call while already in another call drops the current line. An incoming call you answer which turns to "placed" (outgoing only) instead of "in progress" means that the other party is already on the phone and is now seeing an incoming call from you.

ATC text chat

The ATC text messaging system allows to chat with other ATCs in channels that are separate from the "radio text chat" read by pilots. It offers private channels for one-to-one conversations, and a general ATC chat room in network sessions, readable by all connected ATCs.

Note on interoperability in FG sessions: While only ATC-pie integrates ATC text chat in its interface, other users can interact with a regular IRC client connected to mpirc.flightgear.org, with their FlightGear network callsign as IRC nickname, and joining the set IRC channel. They will be able to send and receive public and private messages and chat with everybody, at the only cost of ignoring the system messages that will sometimes appear on their side.

Solo sessions

In solo sessions, you control virtual IFR planes, receiving and handing over strips to virtual ATCs depending on your position and the aircraft's intentions. You can train as an en-route controller in CTR mode, or as an airport controller in AD mode, where four combinable positions are available:

  • ground (GND), to taxi aircraft between parking positions and runways;
  • tower (TWR), to control runways and immediate surroundings;
  • departure (DEP), to bring departing traffic to their exit point;
  • approach (APP), to vector arrivals onto final.

Objectives

In CTR mode, your task is to transit the aircraft across your airspace, always ensuring separation, and to hand each of them over to the most appropriate neighbouring centre North, South, East or West of your sector. You can specify local navpoints in the location settings so that the system includes them as turning points in the randomised aircraft routes.

In airport mode, traffic is either inbound or outbound. Assuming APP, inbound aircraft must be sequenced and vectored into tower range for handover, unless you are in the TWR position as well. Each inbound aircraft either requests ILS or visual. Assuming TWR, you must clear them to land when appropriate, i.e. cleared for ILS approach or expected runway reported in sight. If landing cannot take place (too high, not cleared...), aircraft will go around. Controlling GND, you must move inbound traffic near their parking position once they have vacated the runway, and hand them over to the ramp. Outbound traffic must be brought to hold short of a runway threshold and report ready for departure with TWR. If you assume DEP, you must hand outbound aircraft over to the en-route centre (CTR) once they are high enough and close to their exit point if specified in their route. Entry and exit points are configurable in CONFIG/nav/AD-entry-exit (see Notice in the directory).

Handover pane in an AD solo session, assuming all three available positions
Handovers with virtual ATCs in airport mode
Departure strips Arrival strips
Assuming positions Receive from Hand over to Receive from Hand over to
GND only DEL TWR TWR Ramp
TWR only GND DEP APP GND
DEP only TWR CTR N/A
APP only N/A CTR TWR
TWR+GND DEL DEP APP Ramp
TWR+DEP GND CTR APP GND
TWR+APP GND DEP CTR GND
APP+DEP TWR CTR CTR TWR
TWR+GND+DEP DEL CTR APP Ramp
TWR+GND+APP DEL DEP APP Ramp
TWR+APP+DEP GND CTR CTR GND
All 4 DEL CTR CTR Ramp

Instructing aircraft

Click&drag taxi instruction tool at OMDB ground

Instructions are given through different means:

  • provided the speech recognition modules are installed, you can turn on voice instructions from the solo simulation settings dialog and instruct aircraft through your microphone, using the Ctrl key as push-to-talk and standard phraseology (see the quick reference tab about it);
  • if voice instructions are turned off:
    • mouse vector assignments issue the corresponding instructions (see section on vectors above);
    • handoffs are issued when dropping strips on an ATC receiver;
  • instruct taxi routes by dragging out of radar contacts when they are considered on the ground (low enough or squawking GND);
  • the dockable instruction panel works regardless of voice vs. mouse selection;
  • alternatively, if the aircraft is connected to CPDLC, you can send instructions through the data link.

Instructions from the panel are always issued to the callsign entered in the top field, which should fill automatically on aircraft or strip selection when a callsign is known. Therefore, make sure you do not mess up your strip links or your instructions will realistically be acknowledged and followed by the wrong aircraft.

Need a scenario?

Things you can train for:

  • towering a single runway with mixed traffic: select TWR position and an equal balance of departures and arrivals;
  • optimising approach spacing in dense traffic: select APP position only, increase traffic density, turn on spacing hints and try to stabilise them all at "3:00" for example;
  • change of runways (e.g. irl after wind direction change): start with APP+TWR and select a runway for arrivals at least, run the simulation for a while and change for opposite runway use;
  • CTR mode with a low ceiling to increase the number of conflicts to resolve;
  • etc.

Teacher & student connections (ATC tutoring)

This session type is made to bring an ATC student and a teacher together for tutorial sessions. To set up a session, the student must connect to the teacher, so make sure the teacher's session is running first. Only one student can connect to a teacher at a time. The teacher creates and manipulates traffic for the student to work with, controls the weather and decides on the ATC neighbours. Strip exchange and ATC text chat is possible, either between both parties ("offline" exchanges) or between the student and the virtual ATCs (in-sim coordination). All exchanges are monitored by the teacher, and transparent to the student. The teacher can also snapshot traffic position situations to recall them later.

In teacher sessions:

  • The teaching console is enabled, which allows you to control most aspects of the environment visible to the student.
  • You create new traffic holding Shift down with a right click-and-drag on the radar specifying the position and face heading. A dialog pops up and allows you to choose a callsign (one is initially generated), altitude and other details. If near a ground route node, a parking position or runway, you can create it on the ground, ready to taxi or for departure (NB: parking overrides position/heading input).
  • Traffic is initially created in an "unspawned" state (radar contact marked "+"), in other words visible to you but not to the student. This allows you to set its transponder or get it into a certain state before spawning it into the student's world.
  • Controlling the traffic is done in the same way as in solo sessions without voice, i.e. using the click&drag vector and taxi tools and the instruction dock. The only difference is that you control the selected aircraft directly, regardless of your strip links and details. You therefore do not need a strip and a correctly filled callsign to instruct a pilot, though it is a good idea to have one if you want your vectors registered and drawn on the radar. The traffic creation dialog offers to create a linked strip with every new aircraft.
  • You may pause the whole simulation, or freeze each aircraft individually. Frozen aircraft will result in stationary flights on the student's radar.
  • The ATC text chat system allows to chat to the student directly as the teacher, and to simulate private ATC conversations with the student (select callsign to interact as).
  • To exchange strips, drop them on "Student" and select whom the strip should appear from on the student's side. Note that for your convenience in further control of the traffic, teacher strips do not disappear on handovers;
  • CPDLC is supported, the dialogue windows reflecting the change of perspective (ACFT instead of ATC) and the Alt key combinations generating requests rather than instructions.