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ATC tutorial: Difference between revisions
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The plane will commence his take-off roll, and - as soon as he is airborne - you want to get rid of him and get onto your next plane. You initiate the hand-off to approach, and handoff as soon as (s)he accepts. So now, onto approaches dealings... | The plane will commence his take-off roll, and - as soon as he is airborne - you want to get rid of him and get onto your next plane. You initiate the hand-off to approach, and handoff as soon as (s)he accepts. So now, onto approaches dealings... | ||
==Lesson 4== | |||
''(In this section the approach controller is presumed to be handling departures, as there are very, very rarely departure controllers. If there were a departure controller, (s)he would deal with a departing plane, and the approach controller would deal with any planes arriving)'' | |||
So approach now has a plane that wants to get on with its flight. The first thing to notice was the clearance: | |||
''climb and maintain 6,000...'' | |||
It wasn't explained last page, but the reason for this low height is to ensure that planes arriving at the airport - also at low heights - that are arriving from the takeoff end of the airfield are kept above the departing planes. If arriving planes are only cleared down to 8,000 ft. then - even if they have to fly over the airport and turn around - they cannot conflict with departing planes. For this reason, departing planes are usually cleared to 6,000 and arriving planes to 8,000 until they are on the 'safe' (non-departure) side of the runway. | |||
Let's look at how the hand-off occurs this time: | |||
'''EGLL_TWR: B-ELIO, contact EGLL_APP on 119.72, good-day. | |||
B-ELIO (to you): Heathrow Approach, good-day, this is B-ELIO out of 1,700 for 6,000 on runway heading''' | |||
This time, because the plane is in the air, you want to acknowledge you can see him on the radar: | |||
'''You: B-ELIO, Radar Contact, continue to 6,000... (and right to 120)''' | |||
The aim now is to get the plane heading in the right direction (that is, towards the first VOR or NDB - remember how they're shown on the display - listed in the Flight Strip, or just in the general direction of the country he's heading to. When the planes far enough away from the airport, or there's no other traffic, climb him up to 12,000 - 18,000ft and hand him off to center. Now, a few words about giving the plane vectors (headings), remember: | |||
* Don't expect the plane to respond instantly... think ahead. By the time he's got your message and started to turn he might be 1 NM further on that you expected. | |||
* If he's heading directly to a 'fix' (any VOR, NDB or Intersection) give them a 'direct <place>' order like 'B-ELIO, turn left direct BIG' - don't bother trying to figure out headings when you've been given an easy way. | |||
* Consider your heading -- are you sure you mean 90 and not 270? If the aircraft is heading to the left of the screen, he's flying a heading of 270 and not 90!! This may seem obvious, but is one of the biggest problems for new controllers. | |||
Now the plane's in the sky, a big, bold few words about separation: | |||
'''Keep your planes at least 3NM from each other, or at least 1,000 ft vertically between them. If you think the planes will eventually come too close, don't wait -- turn or descend one immediately! In order to make collisions between planes traveling in opposite directions less likely, use this rule:''' | |||
{| class="prettytable" | |||
! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | | |||
! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | | |||
! align="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | | |||
|- | |||
|Plane flying headings 0-179 | |||
|Fly at ODD FLIGHT LEVELS | |||
|- | |||
|Plane flying headings 180 - 359 | |||
|Fly at EVEN FLIGHT LEVELS | |||
|} | |||